Very low carbohydrate diet

Background and objectives Overweight and obesity are becoming more commonplace globally. The ketogenic diet (KD), also known as the high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet, has become increasingly popular in recent years as a means to lose weight quickly. This present study aims to examine the clinical effects of ketogenic diets in individuals who are obese or overweight by evaluating or assessing variations in metabolic parameters associated with lipid control, the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and other kidney risk indicators...

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is the development of myocardial dysfunction in patients with diabetes despite the absence of comorbidities such as hypertension, atherosclerosis or valvular defect. The cardiovascular complications of poorly controlled diabetes are very well illustrated by the U.K. Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS), which showed a clear association between increasing levels of glycated hemoglobin and the development of heart failure (HF). The incidence of HF in patients with diabetes is projected to increase significantly, which is why its proper diagnosis and treatment is so important...

BACKGROUND: In recent years, a wider range of bakery products with a lower glycaemic response can be observed in the food industry. This contributes to the provision of a wider range of cereal bakery products. The gradual increase in the consumption of brown bread is significant, but despite this, white bread remains a part of the typical Western diet. Studies showed high intake of carbohydrates increase TG levels by enhancing hepatic synthesis of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and decrease activity of lipoprotein lipase...

INTRODUCTION: Lifestyle factors, including inadequate eating patterns, emerge as a critical determinant of chronic disease. Apart from caring for patients, nurses should also take an active role in monitoring and managing their own health. Understanding the intricate relationship between nurses' eating behavior and managing their own health is crucial for fostering a holistic approach to healthcare, therefore our study aimed to evaluate eating behavior and demographic factors influencing chronic disease prevalence in a sample of community nurses from Romania...

Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease. Ketogenic diet (KD), a diet with very low intake in carbohydrates, gained popularity as a weight-loss approach. However, in mice models, it has been reported that an excess exposition of dietary fat induces hepatic insulin resistance and steatosis. However, data published is inconsistent. Herein, we investigated in a mouse model, the metabolic effects of KD and its contribution to the pathogenesis of NALFD...

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a highly prevalent metabolic disease, causing a heavy burden on healthcare systems worldwide, with related complications and anti-diabetes drug prescriptions. Recently, it was demonstrated that T2DM can be put into remission via significant weight loss using low-carbohydrate diets (LCDs) and very low-energy diets (VLEDs) in individuals with overweight and obesity. Clinical trials demonstrated remission rates of 25-77%, and metabolic improvements such as improved blood lipid profile and blood pressure were observed...

Citrin deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by a defect of citrin resulting from mutations in SLC25A13. The clinical manifestation is very variable and comprises three types: neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis caused by citrin deficiency (NICCD: OMIM 605814), post-NICCD including failure to thrive and dyslipidemia caused by citrin deficiency, and adult-onset type II citrullinemia (CTLN2: OMIM 603471). Frequently, NICCD can run with a mild clinical course and manifestations may resolve in the post-NICCD...

BACKGROUND: Evaluating effects of different macronutrient diets in randomized trials requires well defined infrastructure and rigorous methods to ensure intervention fidelity and adherence. METHODS: This controlled feeding study comprised two phases. During a Run-in phase (14-15 weeks), study participants (18-50 years, BMI, ≥27 kg/m2 ) consumed a very-low-carbohydrate (VLC) diet, with home delivery of prepared meals, at an energy level to promote 15 ± 3% weight loss...

Prostate cancer survivors treated with androgen deprivation therapy may be at increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Dietary recommendations for the prevention and/or management of cardiovascular disease for these individuals are lacking. This review synthesizes the evidence on the effect of dietary interventions on cardiometabolic biomarkers and cardiovascular disease risk in prostate cancer survivors receiving androgen deprivation therapy. A systematic review was conducted across PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, and Cochrane CENTRAL...

OBJECTIVE: Sodium-glucose-cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors are widely used for diabetes management especially because their effects go beyond glucose control. More recently, their indications and usage have expanded to heart failure (HF) and renal dysfunction therapy in patients both with and without diabetes. Beneficial effects, especially for HF readmission, accrue very early in their treatment trajectory, and this has promoted their use in the hospital setting. Data on their safety and efficacy for inpatient use are accumulating but have lagged behind the outpatient data for their use...

A competitive volleyball game is a highly metabolic and physically demanding event for professional players. This study aimed to investigate whether a single game at the end of a preseason promotes changes in the biochemical markers of physical exercise responses and the metabolomic profile of professional volleyball players. This cross-sectional study included 13 male Brazilian professional volleyball players. Food intake, body composition, heart rate, physical movement variables, and blood biochemical indicators were evaluated...

SUMMARY: The use of a low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) reduces insulin requirements in insulinopenic states such as type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). However, the use of potentially ketogenic diets in this clinical setting is contentious and the mechanisms underlying their impact on glycaemic control are poorly understood. We report a case of a patient with a late-onset classic presentation of T1DM who adopted a very low-carbohydrate diet and completely avoided insulin therapy for 18 months, followed by tight glycaemic control on minimal insulin doses...

The main cause of mortality in great apes in zoological settings is cardiovascular disease (CVD), affecting all four taxa: chimpanzee ( Pan troglodytes ), bonobo ( Pan paniscus ), gorilla ( Gorilla spp.) and orangutan ( Pongo spp.). Myocardial fibrosis, the most typical histological characterization of CVD in great apes, is nonspecific, making it challenging to understand the etiopathogenesis. A multifactorial origin of disease is assumed whereby many potential causative factors are directly or indirectly related to the diet, which in wild living great apes mainly consists of high fibre, low carbohydrate, and very low sodium components...

The term "ketogenic diet" (KD) is used for a wide variety of diets with diverse indications ranging from obesity to neurological diseases, as if it was the same diet. This terminology is confusing for patients and the medical and scientific community. The term "ketogenic" diet implies a dietary regimen characterized by increased levels of circulating ketone bodies that should be measured in blood (beta-hydroxybutyrate), urine (acetoacetate) or breath (acetone) to verify the "ketogenic metabolic condition". Our viewpoint highlights that KDs used for epilepsy and obesity are not the same; the protocols aimed at weight loss characterized by low-fat, low-CHO and moderate/high protein content are not ketogenic by themselves but may become mildly ketogenic when high calorie restriction is applied...

BACKGROUND & AIMS: O -GlcNAcylation is a reversible post-translational modification controlled by the activity of two enzymes, O -GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O -GlcNAcase (OGA). In the liver, O -GlcNAcylation has emerged as an important regulatory mechanism underlying normal liver physiology and metabolic disease. METHODS: To address whether OGT acts as a critical hepatic nutritional node, mice with a constitutive hepatocyte-specific deletion of OGT (OGTLKO ) were generated and challenged with different carbohydrate- and lipid-containing diets...

OBJECTIVE: A ketogenic diet (KD) characterized by very low carbohydrate intake and high fat consumption may simultaneously induce weight loss and be cardioprotective. The "thrifty substrate hypothesis" posits that ketone bodies are more energy efficient compared with other cardiac oxidative substrates such as fatty acids. This work aimed to study whether a KD with presumed increased myocardial ketone body utilization reduces cardiac fatty acid uptake and oxidation, resulting in decreased myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2 )...

Circulating levels of the soluble ligand binding ectodomain of the LDL receptor (sLDLR) that is proteolytically cleaved from the cell surface have been shown to correlate with plasma triglycerides, but the lipid and lipoprotein effects of longitudinal changes in sLDLR have not been examined. We sought to assess associations between changes in sLDLR and detailed lipoprotein measurements between baseline and six months in participants in the DIETFITS weight loss trial who were randomly assigned to the low-fat (n=225) or low-carbohydrate (n=236) diet arms...

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is commonly associated with obesity, and it is mainly treated through lifestyle modifications. The very low-carbohydrate diet (VLCD) can help lose weight rapidly but the possible effects of extreme dietary patterns on lipid metabolism and inflammatory responses in individuals with NAFLD remain debatable. Moreover, VLCD protein content may affect its effectiveness in weight loss, steatosis, and inflammatory responses. Therefore, we investigated the effects of VLCDs with different protein contents in NAFLD rats and the mechanisms underlying these effects...

The ketogenic diet is based on extreme carbohydrate intake reduction and replacing the remaining with fat and has become a popular dietary pattern used for weight loss. The relationship between the ketogenic diet and cardiovascular risk is a controversial topic. This publication aimed to present evidence on the ketogenic diet and cardiovascular risk factors and mortality. The ketogenic diet does not fulfill the criteria of a healthy. It presents the potential for rapid short-term reduction of body mass, triglycerides level, Hb1Ac, and blood pressure...

BACKGROUND: Mobile apps can aid with the management of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) by providing patient education, reinforcing regular blood glucose monitoring and diet/lifestyle modification, and facilitating clinical and social support. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to describe our process of designing and developing a culturally tailored app, Garbhakalin Diabetes athawa Madhumeha-Dhulikhel Hospital (GDM-DH), to support GDM management among Nepalese patients by applying a user-centered design approach...