fumaric acid

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify differential metabolites and key metabolic pathways between lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) tissues and normal lung (NL) tissues using metabolomics techniques, to discover potential biomarkers for the early diagnosis of lung cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty-five patients with primary ground-glass nodules (GGN) identified on computed tomography imaging and who were willing to undergo surgery at Shanghai General Hospital from December 2021 to December 2022 were recruited to the study...

Genes of putative reductases of α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids are abundant among anaerobic and facultatively anaerobic microorganisms, yet substrate specificity has been experimentally verified for few encoded proteins. Here, we co-produced in Escherichia coli a heterodimeric protein of the facultatively anaerobic marine bacterium Vibrio ruber (GenBank SJN56019 and SJN56021; annotated as NADPH azoreductase and urocanate reductase, respectively) with Vibrio cholerae flavin transferase. The isolated protein (named Crd) consists of the sjn56021-encoded subunit CrdB (NADH:flavin, FAD binding 2, and FMN bind domains) and an additional subunit CrdA (SJN56019, a single NADH:flavin domain) that interact via their NADH:flavin domains (Alphafold2 prediction)...

Exercise is an effective non-pharmacological strategy for the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), but the underlying mechanism needs further investigation. Kruppel-like factor 10 (Klf10) is a transcriptional factor that is expressed in multiple tissues including liver, whose role in NASH is not well defined. In our study, exercise induces hepatic Klf10 expression through the cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway. Hepatocyte-specific knockout of Klf10 (Klf10LKO ) increases lipid accumulation, cell death, inflammation and fibrosis in NASH diet-fed mice and reduces the protective effects of treadmill exercise against NASH, while hepatocyte-specific overexpression of Klf10 (Klf10LTG ) works in concert with exercise to reduce NASH in mice...

Inflammatory diseases, including infectious diseases, diabetes-related diseases, arthritis-related diseases, neurological diseases, digestive diseases, and tumor, continue to threaten human health and impose a significant financial burden despite advancements in clinical treatment. Pyroptosis, a pro-inflammatory programmed cell death pathway, plays an important role in the regulation of inflammation. Moderate pyroptosis contributes to the activation of native immunity, whereas excessive pyroptosis is associated with the occurrence and progression of inflammation...

Dietary methane (CH4 ) mitigation is in some cases associated with an increased hydrogen (H2 ) emission. The objective of the present study was to investigate the acute and short-term effects of acceptors for H2 (fumaric acid, acrylic acid or phloroglucinol) supplemented via pulse-dosing to dairy cows fed CH4 mitigating diets (using nitrate or 3-nitrooxypropanol), on gas exchange, rumen gas and VFA composition. For this purpose, 2 individual 4 × 4 Latin square experiments were conducted with 4 periods of 3 d (nitrate supplementation) and 7 d (3-nitrooxypropanol supplementation), respectively...

Lymphopenia is a known adverse effect in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS) treated with fumaric acids. We present a case series of four patients diagnosed with RMS with prolonged lymphocyte stability on dimethyl fumarate for over 1 year who developed significant lymphopenia after transitioning to diroximel fumarate. This case series highlights the need for further research to elucidate the risk of lymphopenia in patients switching between fumaric acids.

Earthworms can resist high levels of soil copper (Cu) contamination and play an essential role in absorbing them effectively. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying Cu tolerance in earthworms are poorly understood. To address this research gap, we studied alterations of Eisenia fetida in antioxidant enzymes, gut microbiota, metabolites, and genes under varying levels of Cu exposure soils (0, 67.58, 168.96, 337.92 mg/kg). Our results revealed a reduction in antioxidant enzyme activities across all treatment groups, indicating an adaptive response to alleviate Cu-induced oxidative stress...

Carpesabrolide A (1), featuring an unprecedented fumaric acid-guaiane sesquiterpenoid hybrid, has been isolated from the folk medicinal plant Carpesium abrotanoides . The structure with absolute configuration has been established by spectroscopic methods and single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The plausible biosynthetic pathway for 1 is proposed. Compound 1 shows significant anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting NO production with an IC50 value of 2.7 μM.

Leigh syndrome is a severe progressive mitochondrial disorder mainly affecting children under the age of 5 years. It is caused by pathogenic variants in any one of more than 75 known genes in the nuclear or mitochondrial genomes. A 19-week-old male infant presented with lactic acidosis and encephalopathy following a 2-week history of irritability, neuroregression and poor weight gain. He was hypotonic with pathological reflexes, impaired vision, and nystagmus. Brain MRI showed extensive bilateral symmetrical T2 hyperintense lesions in basal ganglia, thalami, and brainstem...

Probiotics, specifically Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus , have garnered attention for their potential health benefits. This study focuses on evaluating the probiotics properties of candidate probiotics L. rhamnosus IDCC 3201 (3201) using the Caenorhabditis elegans surrogate animal model, a well-established in vivo system for studying host-bacteria interactions. The adhesive ability to the host's gastrointestinal tract is a crucial criterion for selecting potential probiotic bacteria. Our findings demonstrated that 3201 exhibits significantly higher adhesive capabilities compared with Escherichia coli OP50 (OP50), a standard laboratory food source for C...

A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method with vonoprazan fumarate-d4 as a stable isotope-labeled internal standard was developed and validated aiming at quantification of vonoprazan fumarate in human plasma for a bioequivalence study. Chromatographic separation was achieved by acetonitrile one-step protein precipitation using a gradient elution of 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution and acetonitrile with a run time of 3.65 min. Detection was carried out on a tandem mass spectrometer in multiple reaction monitoring mode via a positive electrospray ionization interface...

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are self-assembled constitutive precursors and efficient self-sacrificial templates with metal ions/clusters and organic linkers from which multifunctional materials with carbon nanostructures can be derived. In this study, we synthesized a novel Cu-MOF with Cu(II) as the central metal ion through two ligands, N , N '-bis(pyridin-3-yl)terephthalamide (3-bpta) and fumaric acid (H2 FA), which was used as a template for derivatizing carbon-based nanostructured materials of Cu and Cu x O through doping with different materials (melamine, urea, and TiO2 ) in a simple and efficient one-step pyrolysis...

CONTEXT: Metabolites in tricarboxylic acid (TCA) pathway have pleiotropic functions. OBJECTIVE: To study the association between urine TCA cycle metabolites and the risk for chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression in individuals with type 2 diabetes. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: A prospective study in a discovery (n = 1826) and a validation (n = 1235) cohort of type 2 diabetes in a regional hospital and a primary care facility...

Necrobiosis lipoidica (NL) is a rare granulomatous disease of a not fully understood etiopathogenesis. Classically, NL is associated with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The disease often fails to respond to conventional treatments and adversely affects patients' quality of life. First-line medications are usually topical corticosteroids, but patients respond to them with varying degrees of success. Other options include tacrolimus, phototherapy, cyclosporine, fumaric acid esters, and biologics (adalimumab, etanercept, and infliximab)...

The incorporation of polymers into drug delivery vehicles has been shown to be a useful approach to prolong the residence time of drugs in the precorneal tear film and to improve penetration into biological membranes. The main objective of this research was to formulate novel viscous eye drops with ketotifen as the active ingredient, containing the polysaccharides: chitosan (MCH), hydroxypropyl guar gum (HPG) and hyaluronic acid (SH) alone and in combination as functional polymers. DSC and FT-IR techniques showed the compatibility between ketotifen and polymers...

In this study, black highland barley semi-dried noodles (BHBSNs) were adjusted to acidic pH (5.0, 4.5, 4.0) with an acidity regulator (monosodium fumarate) for obtaining low glycemic index (GI) BHBSNs, and the changes in the in vitro starch digestion, free phenolic content, and α-amylase activity in BHBSNs were investigated. The estimated glycemic index (eGI) of BHBSNs decreased from 59.23 to 52.59, 53.89 and 53.61, respectively, as the pH was adjusted from 6.0 to 5.0, 4.5, 4.0. As the pH of BHBSNs decreased, the equilibrium hydrolysis (C∞ ) decreased, and kinetic coefficient (k) decreased and then increased...

Pre-harvest spraying of benzothiadiazole (BTH) can improve the winemaking properties of grapes, especially their aroma compounds and phenolics. Limited research has explored the molecular mechanisms by which BTH influences the accumulation of grape aroma precursors during early grape development. This study investigated the effects and putative molecular mechanisms of applying 0.37 mM BTH through whole-plant spraying on the accumulation of aroma metabolism precursors and gene expression in Cabernet Gernischt grapes during ripening...

Currently, the L-malic acid titer achieved through Aspergillus niger fermentation reaches 201 g/L, meeting industrial demands satisfactorily. However, the co-presence of structurally similar fumaric acid and succinic acid in fermentation products suggests a theoretical potential for further improvement in L-malic acid production. In the tricarboxylic acid cycle, fumarate reductase mediates the conversion of succinic acid to fumaric acid. Subsequently, fumarase catalyzes the conversion of fumaric acid to L-malic acid...

With the foundation pre-laid, research in the new millennium has readily excavated and expanded upon the architectural framework laid out by Otto Warburg's seminal work in a new wave of "westward expansion," ever widening our understanding of cancer metabolism beyond the telescopic vision seen over a century ago. On this path, the unique circuitry of the cancer metabolic program has been elucidated, illuminating mutations of conserved cellular pathways implicated in tumorigenesis. Paramount among these are mutations in tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes, succinate dehydrogenase, and fumarate hydratase, leading to deleterious accumulations in metabolic intermediates, "oncometabolites," the pilots of the disease process...

Although Taxodium hybrid 'Zhongshanshan' 406 (T. mucronatum Tenore × T. distichum; Taxodium 406) is an extremely flooding-tolerant woody plant, the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying its roots in acclimation to long-term flooding remain largely unknown. Thus, we exposed saplings of Taxodium 406 to either non-flooding (control) or flooding for two months. Flooding resulted in reduced root biomass, which is in line with lower concentrations of citrate, α-ketoglutaric acid, fumaric acid, malic acid and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in Taxodium 406 roots...