Cerebral venous

PURPOSE: This article presents a comprehensive exploration of neurovascular anatomy of the encephalon, focusing specifically on the intricate network within the posterior circulation and the posterior fossa anatomy; enhancing understanding of its dynamics, essential for practitioners in neurosurgery and neurology areas. METHOD: A profound literature review was conducted by searching the PubMed and Google Scholar databases using main keywords related to neurovascular anatomy...

OBJECTIVE: Cerebral venous infarction (CVI) after vein injury during intraoperative lesion resection is associated with intracranial hemorrhage. We conducted this study to identify the incidence, clinical and imaging features, and prognosis of hemorrhage CVI. METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of patients with confirmed CVI after vein injury who underwent craniotomy in our hospital. Postoperative clinical symptoms were observed, and imaging features were compared between patients with and without intracranial hemorrhages through CT examination...

INTRODUCTION: Mutations of the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) gene have been associated with a spectrum of disorders called PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome, which predisposes the individual to develop various types of tumors and vascular anomalies. Its phenotypic spectrum includes Cowden syndrome (CS), Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndrome (BRRS), Proteus syndrome, autism spectrum disorders (ASD), some sporadic cancers, Lhermitte-Duclos disease (LDD), and various types of associated vascular anomalies...

VEXAS (vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X-linked, autoinflammatory, and somatic) syndrome is a newly described hemato-inflammatory acquired monogenic entity that presents in adulthood. One of the main features of VEXAS syndrome is a high venous thromboembolism (VTE) burden, with approximately 30-40% experiencing lower extremity deep vein thrombosis and a lower incidence of pulmonary embolism at approximately 10%. To date, VEXAS syndrome has not been associated with rarer forms of VTE such as cerebral sinus vein thrombosis (CSVT) and Budd-Chiari syndrome, which are well-recognized vascular manifestations in Behcet's disease, another autoinflammatory vasculitic disease...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Coma is an independent predictor of poor clinical outcomes in cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT). We aimed to describe the association of age, sex, and radiological characteristics of adult coma patients with CVT. METHODS: We used data from the international, multicentre prospective observational BEAST (Biorepository to Establish the Aetiology of Sinovenous Thrombosis) study. Only positively associated variables with coma with <10% missing data in univariate analysis were considered for the multivariate logistic regression model...

The Angiovac aspiration system has been used successfully for the removal of intravascular material or thrombus in the right-sided heart structures, vena cava, implantable cardiac defibrillator, or other devices. For infective endocarditis, it is reserved for the patients who warrant but are not good candidates for the surgery. The evidence regarding Angiovac aspiration of the infective endocarditis of the left-sided heart valves is scarce. The risk of complications, including thrombi fragmentation leading to systemic embolization, damage to the cardiac structures and tissue, and hemodynamic instability, precludes the widespread use of this procedure, especially for the left-sided lesions...

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is a rare cause of strokes and is most common in younger patients particularly those less than 50 years of age. It is more common in females than in males and is known to be associated with pregnancy, puerperium, oral contraception, congenital and acquired thrombophilia, and malignancy. Less commonly, it has been shown to be associated with infections and more recently has been found to be associated with COVID-19 infection with thrombocytopenia and the COVID-19 vaccine AstraZeneca...

Subclavian artery injuries during internal jugular vein puncture when attempting central venous catheter insertion are rare. A 60-year-old man undergoing treatment for neuromyelitis optica with paralysis and sensory loss developed a complication during catheter placement into his right internal jugular vein for plasmapheresis. His previous physician felt resistance and discontinued the procedure. The patient later developed mild dyspnea and dysphagia. Computed tomography scans indicated thrombus formation and tracheal deviation...

BACKGROUND: Diseases are medical situations that are allied with specific signs and symptoms. A disease may be instigated by internal dysfunction or external factors like pathogens. Cerebrovascular disease can progress from diverse causes, comprising thrombosis, atherosclerosis, cerebral venous thrombosis, or embolic arterial blood clot. OBJECTIVE: In this paper, authors have proposed a robust framework for the detection of cerebrovascular diseases employing two different proposals which were validated by use of other dataset...

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the limbs is a common disease and causes significant morbidity and mortality. It is frequently the prelude to pulmonary embolism (PE), it can recur in 30% of patients and in 25-40% of cases they can develop post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS), with a significant impact in functional status and quality of life. This document contains the recommendations on the diagnosis and treatment of acute DVT from the Thromboembolic Disease group of the Spanish Society of Internal Medicine (SEMI)...

Over the last years, new evidence has accumulated on multiple aspects of diagnosis and management of cerebral venous and dural sinus thrombosis (CVT) including identification of new risk factors, studies on interventional treatment as well as treatment with direct oral anticoagulants. Based on the GRADE questions of the European Stroke Organization guideline on this topic, the new German guideline on CVT is a consensus between expert representatives of Austria, Germany and Switzerland. New recommendations include:• CVT occurring in the first weeks after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination with vector vaccines may be associated with severe thrombocytopenia, indicating the presence of a prothrombotic immunogenic cause (Vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia; VITT)...

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to identify predictors for the recurrence of spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) after epidural blood patch (EBP). BACKGROUND: Epidural blood patch is the main treatment option for SIH; however, the characteristics of patients who experience relapse after successful EBP treatment for SIH remain understudied. METHODS: In this exploratory, retrospective, case-control study, we included 19 patients with SIH recurrence after EBP and 36 age- and sex-matched patients without recurrence from a single tertiary medical institution...

BACKGROUND: Despite the widespread use of heparin during and following endovascular procedures in the management of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) patients, limited research has explored the incidence and impact of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) on SAH. METHODS: Descriptive statistics, multivariate regressions, and propensity score-matching were employed to compare clinical characteristics, comorbidities, interventions, complications, and outcomes of HIT in SAH patients identified within the US National Inpatient Sample database from 2010 to 2019...

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PURPOSE: Knowledge of neurovascular anatomy is vital for neurosurgeons, neurologists, neuro-radiologists and anatomy students, amongst others, to fully comprehend the brain's anatomy with utmost depth. This paper aims to enhance the foundational knowledge of novice physicians in this area. METHOD: A comprehensive literature review was carried out by searching the PubMed and Google Scholar databases using primary keywords related to brain vasculature, without date restrictions...

OBJECTIVES: To identify the factors associated with venous collaterals in Thai patients with cerebral venous thrombosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective 20-year cohort study enrolled patients diagnosed with cerebral venous thrombosis between January 2002 and December 2022. Data was collected from the electronic medical record, and venous collaterals were independently reviewed by two neuroradiologists using the Qureshi classification. Patients with and without venous collaterals were compared...

Cerebral sinovenous thrombosis (CSVT) encompasses a spectrum of disorders involving thrombosis of the cerebral venous system. As shown by previous epidemiological studies, the prevalence of cerebral sinovenous thrombosis is 4-7 cases per million people. Nephrotic syndrome was very rarely associated with thrombosis cerebral veins or sinuses. Hypercoagulability and thrombotic complications in nephrotic syndrome are most commonly seen in deep veins of the lower extremities and renal veins. Our case highlights a unique scenario in which cerebral sinovenous thrombosis was the initial presentation of nephrotic syndrome in a patient that was not an important past medical or surgical problem...

Objective This study investigated the global correlation between cerebral blood flow (CBF) decline and increased venous prominence, utilizing arterial spin labeling (ASL) and susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) MRI techniques. Methods The study was conducted at the Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Marina University Hospital, Varna, Bulgaria. Through a retrospective analysis, we examined data from 115 patients undergoing neurological assessment. CBF decline was assessed through ASL MRI, while global venous visibility was evaluated using SWI MRI...

A male child with a history of sinusitis presented to the emergency medicine department with a high fever, neck swelling, headache, vomiting, and double vision. He was diagnosed with retropharyngeal abscess (RPA) with bilateral internal jugular vein (IJV) and cerebral venous thromboses. The child was treated promptly and transferred to a specialty center, where the abscess was drained. However, he developed papilledema and septic embolism, leading to pulmonary embolism and cerebral abscesses. The child was an inpatient for six weeks and had outpatient treatment for three months...

BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE: Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a rare cerebrovascular disorder that mainly affects young and middle-aged adults. Epidemiological data on the incidence, risk factors, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of CVT are lacking in China. In addition, there is a lack of evidence from large, multicenter, real-world studies on the efficacy and safety of endovascular. AIM: To understand the incidence, diagnosis and treatment status of CVT in China and to estimate the effectiveness and safety of endovascular treatment in the real-world...