NAION

Intraretinal or subretinal fluid in the peripapillary area can be clinically visualized in conditions such as peripapillary choroidal neovascularization, optic disc pit maculopathy, and optic nerve head tumors and granulomas. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) helps to visualize peripapillary fluid in many other chorioretinal conditions such as peripapillary pachychoroid syndrome, posterior uveitis, central retinal vein occlusion, malignant hypertension, hypotonic maculopathy as well as neuro-ophthalmological conditions such as glaucoma, microcystic macular edema and disc edema due papilledema, non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, neuroretinitis, and diabetic papillopathy...

Non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NA-AION) represents one of the most important causes of blindness or severely impaired vision in middle-aged and elderly people. Unilateral optic disc edema and abrupt, painless vision loss are its defining features. It is commonly assumed that NA-AION is caused by an ischemic infarction of the optic nerve head, and, although the exact pathogenesis is still unknown, several risk factors and comorbidities associated with its development have been found. NA-AION occurs generally in patients older than 50 years who have small optic discs and vasculopathy risk factors...

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the most common causes of optic disc edema (ODE) in patients with significantly compromised vision (initial best-corrected visual acuity [BCVA] of 20/400 or worse) at presentation. METHODS: Retrospective chart review over a 5-year period of consecutive patients presenting to tertiary neuro-ophthalmology clinics at the University of Toronto. RESULTS: A total of 656 patients with ODE were included, and 49 patients (7...

BACKGROUND: No effective treatment for NAION with strong evidence has been established till date. The aim of this investigator-led, prospective, non-randomized, open-label, uncontrolled multi-center exploratory clinical trial is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of transdermal electrical stimulation (TdES) using skin electrodes in patients with NAION. METHODS: Five patients with monocular NAION underwent TdES (10-ms biphasic pulses, 1.0 mA, 20 Hz, 30 min) of the affected eye six times at 2-week intervals...

Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (nAION) is the second most common degenerative disease of the optic nerve. The pathogenesis remains elusive. A transient ischemia in the short posterior ciliary arteries not triggered by thromboembolic events is suspected. The typical history of a sudden onset of scotoma without associated pain in conjunction with (sectorial) optic disc swelling, an afferent pupillary defect and a visual field defect are of decisive diagnostic importance. The most urgent diagnostic measure is the exclusion of arteritic AION...

PURPOSE: To offer a comprehensive review of the available data regarding non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy and its phenocopies, focusing on the current evidence to support the different existing aetiopathogenic hypotheses for the development of these conditions. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPORTANCE: Due to the limited array of responses of the neural tissue and other retinal structures, different aetiopathogenic mechanisms may result in a similar clinical picture...

BACKGROUND: Non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) is an independent disease characterized by edematous optic discs. In eyes with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO), the arteries and veins in the ethmoid plate of the optic disc are relatively crowded; however, a combination of the two is clinically uncommon. Herein, we reported a patient with NAION and concealed BRVO, for which the treatment and prognosis were not similar to those for NAION alone. CASE SUMMARY: Herein, we report a case of NAION with concealed BRVO that did not improve with oral medication...

Non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) is the most common cause of optic neuropathy in older adults and is usually associated with an altitudinal visual field defect. Binasal hemianopia is a rare visual field presentation, and most causes are due to ocular pathology instead of brain pathology. It is an infrequent finding in NAION. We report a rare presentation of binasal hemianopia visual field defect in a patient with NAION. This a case of an elderly lady with underlying uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia who presented with a sudden onset of painless blurring of vision in the left eye...

OBJECTIVE: To provide the demographic data, risk factors, and visual prognosis of patients from a Saudi population diagnosed with non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective observational case series of 120 patients (146 eyes) with NAION from the King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital or King Abdulaziz University Hospital from 1998 to 2015. Patients with other retinal pathology or glaucoma were excluded from the study...

BACKGROUND: There are few reports of histopathology of any form of optic neuropathy. This article provides histopathologic findings of an adult-onset, nonprogressive optic neuropathy that was diagnosed clinically as nonacute, nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) but which was found by a pathological study to be associated with diffuse calcium oxalosis that was confined in the involved orbit. METHODS: This is a case report that includes results of a neuro-ophthalmologic examination and histopathology of a complete autopsy, including en bloc removal of both orbits and the brain...

PURPOSE: Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) is the second most common form of optic neuropathy. Most patients show no improvement over time. Until now, there is still no definitive therapy for NAION. The available literatures on the possible treatment of NAION are quite diverse and controversial. Neuroprotection strategies have been suggested as one of the potential treatments for NAION. This review aims to critically evaluate the literature on neuroprotective strategy for NAION...

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate whether intravitreal aflibercept was safe and effective in patients with acute nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION). METHODS: This was a chart study of 25 individuals with acute NAION (25 eyes). An intravitreal injection of 2 mg/0.05 mL of aflibercept was administered to fifteen participants. The remaining ten patients in the control group were given standard care. The researchers measured the initial visual acuity, retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT), and automated perimetry...

Non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) can rarely occur in the setting of sudden vascular compromise, especially in patients with a "disk-at-risk" appearance. Anemia and hypotension are believed to be the main precipitators of shock-induced NAION. Early recognition of this phenomenon can prevent further visual loss and result in partial visual recovery. We here present a 56-year-old patient who developed NAION characterized by optic disc edema in both eyes and visual loss in the left eye secondary to hypotension in the setting of septic shock...

PURPOSE: To develop a deep learning system to differentiate demyelinating optic neuritis (ON) and non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) with overlapping clinical profiles at the acute phase. METHODS: We developed a deep learning system (ONION) to distinguish ON from NAION at the acute phase. Color fundus photographs (CFPs) from 871 eyes of 547 patients were included, including 396 ON from 232 patients and 475 NAION from 315 patients. Efficientnet-B0 was used to train the model, and the performance was measured by calculating the sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC)...

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the classification performance of machine learning based on the 4 vessel density features of peripapillary optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) for classifying healthy, nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION), and optic neuritis (ON) eyes. METHODS: Forty-five eyes of 45 NAION patients, 32 eyes of 32 ON patients, and 76 eyes of 76 healthy individuals with optic nerve head OCT-A were included. Four vessel density features of OCT-A images were developed using a threshold-based segmentation method and were integrated in 3 models of machine learning classifiers...

PURPOSE: To study the spatial association of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast enhancement (CE) areas with visual field defect (VFD) asymmetry in initial cases of optic neuritis (ON) with altitudinal hemianopsia (AH) with reference to nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) with AH. STUDY DESIGN: Multicenter, cross-sectional study. METHODS: The present study comprised 19 ON patients and 20 NAION patients with AH who underwent orbital contrast fat-suppressed MRI...

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BACKGROUND: Peripapillary vitreous traction (PVT) occurring without any underlying eye disease has been contemplated as a distinct entity from nonarteritic ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) for many years and is sometimes difficult to differentiate from classical NAION. We report 6 new cases to analyze the clinical features of PVT syndrome that would expand the clinical spectrum of anterior optic neuropathies. METHODS: Prospective case series. RESULTS: PVT syndrome seems to affect optic discs with a small area with a small cup-to-disc (C/D) ratio...

BACKGROUND: The association of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) with development of eye diseases is unclear. This current systematic review and meta-analysis attempts to summarize and analyze associations between OSA and ocular disorders in the literature. METHODS: PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Web Of Science, and Scopus databases were searched from 1901 to July 2022 in accordance with the Preferred Reporting in Systematic Review & Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). Our primary outcome assessed the association between OSA and the odds of developing floppy eyelid syndrome (FES), glaucoma, non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION), retinal vein occlusion (RVO), keratoconus (KC), idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and central serous chorioretinopathy (CSR) through odds ratio calculated at the 95% confidence interval...

PURPOSE: To study the long-term microvasculature changes at the macula and the optic disk in eyes with nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION). METHODS: Patients with acute NAION of less than 6 weeks duration were included. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) of the macula and the optic disk was performed at baseline, 3 and 6 months and compared with the controls. RESULTS: The mean age of 15 patients was 52.25 (±9...