keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38303274/-a-case-of-small-thymic-carcinoma-with-pleural-dissemination-preoperatively-suspected-as-pulmonary-metastasis-from-rectal-cancer
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ryosuke Matsuda, Naozumi Higaki, Fumiaki Abe, Shinichi Adachi, Yujiro Fujie, Shigeyuki Ueshima, Hirohito Hayashida, Tadashi Ohnishi, Masahiro Ayata
A case was 73-year-old man, who had history of laparoscopic high anterior resection surgery for rectal cancer, followed by adjuvant chemotherapy 2 years ago. Preoperative diagnosis was anterior mediastinal tumor, with multiple intrapulmonary nodules noted, though no increasing tendency. During adjuvant chemotherapy for colorectal cancer, the anterior mediastinal tumor showed some shrinkage, while that and 3 intrapulmonary nodules slowly increased in size after completion, thus rectal cancer pulmonary and mediastinal metastasis were suspected...
December 2023: Gan to Kagaku Ryoho. Cancer & Chemotherapy
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38276989/immune-modulation-with-rankl-blockade-through-denosumab-treatment-in-patients-with-cancer
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hewitt Chang, Jaqueline Marquez Garcia, Brandon K Chen, Daniel M Kim, Michael L Cheng, Eric V Liu, Hai Yang, Li Zhang, Meenal Sinha, Alexander Cheung, Serena S Kwek, Eric D Chow, Mark Bridge, Rahul R Aggarwal, Terence W Friedlander, Eric J Small, Mark Anderson, Lawrence Fong
Denosumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody that binds receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL). It is routinely administered to cancer patients to reduce the incidence of new bone metastasis. RANK-RANKL interactions regulate bone turnover by controlling osteoclast recruitment, development, and activity. However, these interactions also can regulate immune cells including dendritic cells and medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs). Inhibition of the latter results in reduced thymic negative selection of T cells and could enhance the generation of tumor-specific T cells...
January 26, 2024: Cancer Immunology Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38254905/what-have-we-learned-from-molecularly-informed-clinical-trials-on-thymomas-and-thymic-carcinomas-current-status-and-future-directions
#23
REVIEW
Rohan Maniar, Patrick J Loehrer
Thymic epithelial tumors (TETs), which include thymomas and thymic carcinomas, are a rare, heterogeneous group of malignancies that originate from the thymus gland. As an important organ of immune cell development, thymic tumors, particularly thymomas, are often associated with paraneoplastic autoimmune disorders. The advances in targeted therapies for both solid and hematologic malignancies have resulted in improved patient outcomes, including better and more durable efficacy and improved toxicity. Targeted therapies have also been investigated in the treatment of TETs, though the results have largely been modest...
January 18, 2024: Cancers
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38254894/national-multicenter-study-on-the-comparison-of-robotic-and-open-thymectomy-for-thymic-neoplasms-in-myasthenic-patients-surgical-neurological-and-oncological-outcomes
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Elisa Sicolo, Carmelina Cristina Zirafa, Gaetano Romano, Jury Brandolini, Angela De Palma, Stefano Bongiolatti, Filippo Tommaso Gallina, Sara Ricciardi, Michelangelo Maestri, Melania Guida, Riccardo Morganti, Graziana Carleo, Giovanni Mugnaini, Riccardo Tajè, Fabrizia Calabró, Alessandra Lenzini, Federico Davini, Giuseppe Cardillo, Francesco Facciolo, Luca Voltolini, Giuseppe Marulli, Piergiorgio Solli, Franca Melfi
Thymectomy is the gold standard in the treatment of thymic neoplasm and plays a key role in the therapeutic path of myasthenia gravis. For years, sternotomy has been the traditional approach for removing anterior mediastinal lesions, although the robotic thymectomy is now widely performed. The literature is still lacking in papers comparing the two approaches and evaluating long-term oncological and neurological outcomes. This study aims to analyze the postoperative results of open and robotic thymectomy for thymic neoplasms in myasthenic patients...
January 18, 2024: Cancers
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38254821/aberrant-dna-methylation-of-nptx2-as-an-indicator-of-malignant-behavior-in-thymic-epithelial-tumors
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kazuya Kondo, Kyoka Muguruma, Shiho Soejima, Chikako Takai, Koichiro Kenzaki, Naoya Kawakita, Hiroaki Toba, Hiromitsu Takizawa
Thymic epithelial tumors (TET) consist of thymomas, thymic carcinoma (TC), and neuroendocrine tumors of the thymus (NECTT). Genetic and epigenetic alterations in TET have been the focus of recent research. In the present study, genome-wide screening was performed on aberrantly methylated CpG islands in TET, and this identified neuronal pentraxin 2 (NTPX2) as a significantly hypermethylated CpG island in TC relative to thymomas. NPTX2 is released from pre-synaptic cells in response to neuronal activity/seizure, and plays a role in host immunity and acute inflammation...
January 11, 2024: Cancers
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38242729/trop-2-expression-and-its-impact-on-survival-in-thymic-epithelial-tumors-brief-report
#26
Fatemeh Ardeshir-Larijani, Rohan Maniar, Subir Goyal, Patrick J Loehrer, Tieying Hou, Victoria DeBrock, Hector Mesa
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
January 2, 2024: Clinical Lung Cancer
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38214923/alternative-schedule-of-temozolomide-capecitabine-in-neuroendocrine-neoplasms
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Philipp Melhorn, Peter Mazal, Ladislaia Wolff, Petar Popov, Elisabeth Kretschmer-Chott, Alexander Haug, Marius E Mayerhoefer, Markus Raderer, Barbara Kiesewetter
The chemotherapy regimen capecitabine/temozolomide (CAPTEM) is routinely used in neuroendocrine tumors (NET), with antitumor activity particularly demonstrated in pancreatic or high-grade neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN). However, different dosing regimens are used, and the optimal schedule remains to be defined. This single-center retrospective analysis assessed the efficacy and safety of CAPTEM in patients with NEN using a schedule starting both compounds simultaneously (temozolomide on days 1-5 and capecitabine on days 1-14 of a 28 day cycle) rather than sequentially...
January 1, 2024: Endocrine-related Cancer
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38201593/molecular-and-functional-key-features-and-oncogenic-drivers-in-thymic-carcinomas
#28
REVIEW
Serena Barachini, Eleonora Pardini, Irene Sofia Burzi, Gisella Sardo Infirri, Marina Montali, Iacopo Petrini
Thymic epithelial tumors, comprising thymic carcinomas and thymomas, are rare neoplasms. They differ in histology, prognosis, and association with autoimmune diseases such as myasthenia gravis. Thymomas, but not thymic carcinomas, often harbor GTF2I mutations. Mutations of CDKN2A, TP53, and CDKN2B are the most common thymic carcinomas. The acquisition of mutations in genes that control chromatin modifications and epigenetic regulation occurs in the advanced stages of thymic carcinomas. Anti-angiogenic drugs and immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis have shown promising results for the treatment of unresectable tumors...
December 29, 2023: Cancers
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38201543/thymic-carcinoma-unraveling-neuroendocrine-differentiation-and-epithelial-cell-identity-loss
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yosuke Yamada, Kosuke Iwane, Yuki Nakanishi, Hironori Haga
BACKGROUND: The histogenesis of thymic epithelial tumors (TETs) has been a subject of debate. Recent technological advancements have revealed that thymic carcinomas often exhibit a phenotype akin to tuft cells, which is a subset of medullary TECs. Here, we further explored the gene expression signatures of thymic carcinomas in relation to tuft cells and their kinships-ionocytes and neuroendocrine cells (neuroendocrine group). METHODS: We analyzed a single-cell RNA sequencing dataset from the normal human thymus...
December 25, 2023: Cancers
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38178266/histogram-analysis-based-on-unenhanced-ct-for-identifying-thymoma-and-lymphoma-among-prevascular-mediastinal-incidentalomas
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ming Liu, Yang Zhang, Li-Heng Liu
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether histogram analysis based on unenhanced CT can play a role in the differential diagnosis of thymoma and lymphoma from thymic hyperplasia and cyst (mean CT attenuation > 10 HU). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study included consecutive asymptomatic participants who have prevascular mediastinal lesions incidentally detected by unenhanced CT between December 2013 and August 2020, and with definitive diagnosis by pathology or additional radiologic work-ups...
January 4, 2024: Cancer Imaging: the Official Publication of the International Cancer Imaging Society
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38172534/tslp-enhances-progestin-response-in-endometrial-cancer-via-androgen-receptor-signal-pathway
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mu Lv, Yuan Xu, Peiqin Chen, Jingjie Li, Zuoshu Qin, Baozhu Huang, Yong Liu, Xiang Tao, Jun Xiang, Yanqiu Wang, Youji Feng, Wenxin Zheng, Zhenbo Zhang, Linxia Li, Hong Liao
BACKGROUND: The enriched proteins within in vitro fertilisation (IVF)-generated human embryonic microenvironment could reverse progestin resistance in endometrial cancer (EC). METHODS: The expression of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) in EC was evaluated by immunoblot and IHC analysis. Transcriptome sequencing screened out the downstream pathway regulated by TSLP. The role of TSLP, androgen receptor (AR) and KANK1 in regulating the sensitivity of EC to progestin was verified through a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments...
January 3, 2024: British Journal of Cancer
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38166662/the-gene-expression-profile-and-cell-of-origin-of-canine-peripheral-t-cell-lymphoma
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Eileen Owens, Lauren Harris, Adam Harris, Janna Yoshimoto, Robert Burnett, Anne Avery
BACKGROUND: Peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) refers to a heterogenous group of T-cell neoplasms with poor treatment responses and survival times. Canine PTCL clinically and immunophenotypically resembles the most common human subtype, PTCL-not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS), leading to interest in this canine disease as a naturally occurring model for human PTCL. Gene expression profiling in human PTCL-NOS has helped characterize this ambiguous diagnosis into distinct subtypes, but similar gene expression profiling in canine PTCL is lacking...
January 2, 2024: BMC Cancer
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38149471/characteristics-and-outcome-of-systemic-treatment-for-metastatic-or-unresectable-thymic-carcinoma-a-single-institution-experience
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
I-Wei Ho, Yu-Ling Pan, Jiun-I Lai, Chun-Yu Liu
BACKGROUND: Thymic carcinoma is a rare disease with an incidence of around 0.5 cases per million with a poor prognosis. The aim of this study was to assess patient outcomes with advanced thymic carcinoma receiving first-line chemotherapy. METHODS: In our retrospective cohort study, we included patients who underwent treatment for metastatic thymic carcinoma between January 2013 to December 2019 in our hospital. Overall survival, progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rates (ORR) and chemotherapy regimens were assessed and analyzed...
December 27, 2023: Thoracic Cancer
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38135347/identification-of-pan-cancer-testis-genes-and-validation-of-therapeutic-targeting-in-triple-negative-breast-cancer-lin28a-based-and-siglece-based-vaccination-induces-antitumor-immunity-and-inhibits-metastasis
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jason A Carter, Bharati Matta, Jenna Battaglia, Carter Somerville, Benjamin D Harris, Margaret LaPan, Gurinder S Atwal, Betsy J Barnes
BACKGROUND: Cancer-testis (CT) genes are targets for tumor antigen-specific immunotherapy given that their expression is normally restricted to the immune-privileged testis in healthy individuals with aberrant expression in tumor tissues. While they represent targetable germ tissue antigens and play important functional roles in tumorigenesis, there is currently no standardized approach for identifying clinically relevant CT genes. Optimized algorithms and validated methods for accurate prediction of reliable CT antigens (CTAs) with high immunogenicity are also lacking...
December 22, 2023: Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38132238/diffusion-weighted-mr-imaging-of-the-thymus-in-children-with-non-thymic-neoplasms
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sook Min Hwang, Ji Eun Park, So-Young Yoo, Ji Hye Kim, Sun-Young Baek, Sung-Hoon Moon, Tae Yeon Jeon
Purpose: To investigate the diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) findings and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value of the thymus in children under the age of 13 who have non-thymic neoplasms. Materials and Methods : From January 2021 to April 2023, a single-center retrospective study analyzed consecutive 191 thoracic MRI scans with DWI from 67 children (<13 years) with non-thymic neoplasms. The scans were categorized based on the presence of restricted diffusion on DWI. We analyzed the demographics, laboratory data, and MR findings of the thymus...
December 13, 2023: Diagnostics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38113654/who-histological-classification-and-tumor-size-are-predictors-of-the-locally-aggressive-behavior-of-thymic-epithelial-tumors
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jian Gao, Yongqiang Ao, Shuai Wang, Zongwei Chen, Yi Zhang, Jianyong Ding, Jiahao Jiang
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to explore the influencing factors that affect the local invasive behavior of thymic epithelial tumors (TETs). METHOD: We retrospectively analyzed 524 patients with TETs who underwent surgical treatment at our center from January 2010 to January 2022. Cox regression analysis was applied to identify predictors associated with the prognosis of TET. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the factors associated with the locally invasive behavior of TETs...
January 2024: Lung Cancer: Journal of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38090035/diagnostic-approach-to-prevascular-anterior-mediastinal-lymphomas-when-thoracic-pathology-meets-hematopathology
#37
REVIEW
Sergio Pina-Oviedo, Elizabeth Pavlisko, Carolyn Glass, Lou DiBernardo, Thomas Sporn, Victor Roggli
Lymphomas are among the most common malignant tumors occurring in the anterior/prevascular mediastinum. Their diagnoses can be challenging in small biopsies, the current most common method of sampling of an anterior mediastinal mass. Because the initial clinical and/or imaging impression may not be that of lymphoma, these specimens may first be evaluated by cytopathologists, surgical pathologists, and thoracic pathologists rather than hematopathologists. Therefore, it is crucial for this group of pathologists to have a practical diagnostic approach to these neoplasms, know their common diagnostic pitfalls, and their main differential diagnoses...
2023: Mediastinum
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38090032/histopathological-features-of-giant-mediastinal-tumors-a-literature-review
#38
REVIEW
Luka Brcic, Anja C Roden
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Mediastinal lesions are uncommon. However, because of the vital structures in the mediastinum, large lesions specifically can lead to life-threatening situations. Treatment and management vary considerably with the disease. Therefore, the correct histopathologic diagnosis is important. Here we review lesions that have the potential to present as a giant lesion in the mediastinum. While we focus on the review of histopathologic, immunohistochemical (IHC), and molecular features of these lesions, clinical symptoms and characteristics and prognosis will also be discussed...
2023: Mediastinum
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38071322/exploiting-autophagy-balance-in-t-and-nk-cells-as-a-new-strategy-to-implement-adoptive-cell-therapies
#39
REVIEW
Manuela Giansanti, Tobias Theinert, Sarah Katharina Boeing, Dorothee Haas, Paul-Gerhardt Schlegel, Paola Vacca, Francesca Nazio, Ignazio Caruana
Autophagy is an essential cellular homeostasis pathway initiated by multiple stimuli ranging from nutrient deprivation to viral infection, playing a key role in human health and disease. At present, a growing number of evidence suggests a role of autophagy as a primitive innate immune form of defense for eukaryotic cells, interacting with components of innate immune signaling pathways and regulating thymic selection, antigen presentation, cytokine production and T/NK cell homeostasis. In cancer, autophagy is intimately involved in the immunological control of tumor progression and response to therapy...
December 9, 2023: Molecular Cancer
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38070599/postoperative-radiation-therapy-for-thymic-carcinoma-an-analysis-of-the-international-thymic-malignancy-interest-group-european-society-of-thoracic-surgeons-database
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Andreas Rimner, Usman Ahmad, Stephanie M Lobaugh, Zhigang Zhang, Annemarie F Shepherd, James Huang, Alberto Antonicelli, Nicolas Girard, Bernhard Moser, Pierluigi Filosso, Marco Lucchi, Edith M Marom, Anja Roden, Frank Detterbeck, Enrico Ruffini, Charles B Simone
INTRODUCTION: R0 resection and radiation therapy have been associated with improved overall survival (OS) in patients with thymic carcinoma (TC). Here, we analyzed which subgroups of patients derive the greatest benefit from postoperative radiation therapy (PORT). METHODS: Clinical, pathologic, treatment, and survival information of 462 patients with TC from the International Thymic Malignancy Interest Group/European Society of Thoracic Surgeons database were analyzed...
December 8, 2023: Journal of Thoracic Oncology
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