Perineal

Background: With the increasing popularity of elective induction after 39 + 0 weeks, the question of whether induction of labor (IOL) is safe in women with isolated polyhydramnios has become more relevant. We aimed to evaluate the pregnancy outcomes associated with IOL among women with and without isolated polyhydramnios. Methods: This was a multicenter retrospective cohort that included women who underwent induction of labor at term. The study compared women who underwent IOL due to isolated polyhydramnios to low-risk women who underwent elective IOL due to gestational age only...

OBJECTIVES: Aggressive (deep) angiomyxoma (AAM) is a rare mesenchymal tumor that typically originates from the vulvovaginal region, perineum, and pelvis in adult women. The objective of this case report and literature review is to comprehensively analyze the clinical, imaging, and pathological characteristics of atypical AAM in the female lower genital tract and pelvic floor in order to minimize preoperative misdiagnosis or missed diagnosis and ultimately optimize the clinical management strategy...

OBJECTIVE: To compare rates of adverse pregnancy outcomes in term pregnancies complicated by polyhydramnios between women who had induction of labor (IOB) versus women who had expectant management. METHODS: This multicenter retrospective study included term pregnancies complicated by isolated polyhydramnios. Patients who underwent IOB were compared with those who had expectant management. The primary outcome was defined as a composite adverse maternal outcome, and secondary outcomes were various maternal and neonatal adverse outcomes...

BACKGROUND: This study describes the presentation and initial management of anorectal malformation (ARM); evaluating the frequency, causes and consequences of late diagnosis. METHODS: A prospective, population cohort study was undertaken for newly diagnosed ARMs in the UK and Ireland from 01/10/2015 and 30/09/2016. Follow-up was completed at one year. Data are presented as n (%), appropriate statistical methods used. Factors associated with late diagnosis; defined as: detection of ARM either following discharge or more than 72 h after birth were assessed with univariable logistic regression...

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INTRODUCTION: Episiotomy, despite being one of the most common interventions during childbirth, carries significant risks and uncertain benefits. Previous global studies highlight varying awareness levels and practices, with decreasing episiotomy rates attributed to increased knowledge. This study aims to assess women's knowledge to enhance intrapartum decision-making and communication between patients and obstetricians, ultimately improving maternal outcomes in the region. METHODOLOGY:  The study was a cross-section design...

BACKGROUND: The application of lower limb traction during hip arthroscopy and femur fractures osteosynthesis is commonplace in orthopaedic surgeries. Traditional methods utilize a perineal post on a traction table, leading to soft tissue damage and nerve neuropraxia. A postless technique, using high-friction pads, has been considered as a potential damage-free alternative. However, whether these pads sufficiently prevent patient displacement remains unknown. Thus, this study systematically assesses the efficacy of commercial high-friction pads (PinkPad and CarePad) in restraining subject displacement, for progressively increasing traction loads and different Trendelenburg angles...

INTRODUCTION: Data concerning the mechanical properties of the perineum during delivery are very limited. In vivo experiments raise ethical issues. The aim of the study was to describe some of the biomechanical properties of each perineal tissue layer collected from sows in order to better understand perineal tears during childbirth. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Samples of each perineal tissue layer were obtained from the skin, the vagina, the external anal sphincter (EAS), the internal anal sphincter (IAS), and the anal mucosa of fresh dead sows...

OBJECTIVE: At St. Olav's University Hospital in Trondheim, Norway, "Midwife Home" (MH) is an integrated home-based postnatal service for mothers who want early discharge (i.e. 6-24 h) after giving birth. The purpose of our study was to evaluate MH by (1) describing the characteristics of mother-newborn pairs followed up by MH to investigate whether the service has an appropriate target group; (2) describing the number and causes of possible readmissions for safety; (3) investigating whether MH follows the criteria set for the service; and (4) exploring whether the service facilitates continuity of care...

Objective: To explore the epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of catheter-associated urinary tract infections in patients with perineal and/or hip burns. Methods: This study was a retrospective case series study. From January 2018 to December 2022, 260 patients with perineal and/or hip burns and urinary catheters indwelling who met the inclusion criteria were admitted to the Department of Burns and Wound Repair of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, including 192 males and 68 females, aged 20-93 years...

BACKGROUND: Women from refugee backgrounds generally experience poorer pregnancy-related outcomes compared to host populations. AIM: To examine the trend and disparities in adverse perinatal outcomes among women of refugee background using population-based data from 2003 to 2017. METHODS: A population-based cross-sectional study of 754,270 singleton births in Victoria compared mothers of refugee backgrounds with Australian-born mothers. Inferential statistics, including Pearson chi-square and binary logistic regression, were conducted...

PROBLEM: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a complication of pregnancy which may exclude women from midwife-led models of care. BACKGROUND: There is a paucity of research evaluating the safety and feasibility of continuity of midwifery care (CoMC) for women with GDM. AIM: To investigate the impact of CoMC on maternal and neonatal outcomes, for otherwise low-risk women with GDM. METHODS: This exploratory cross-sectional study observed maternal and neonatal outcomes including onset of labour, augmentation, labour analgesia, mode of birth, perineal trauma, gestation at birth, shoulder dystocia, infant birth weight, neonatal feeding at discharge...

A 2.5-year-old female entire Pomeranian dog was presented for acute paraparesis progressing within 2 days to paraplegia. General physical examination was unremarkable. Neurological examination showed paraplegia without nociception, a mass reflex upon testing perineal reflexes and withdrawal reflexes in the pelvic limbs and patellar hyperreflexia. Cutaneous trunci reflexes were absent caudal to the level of the 6th thoracic vertebra. Spinal hyperesthesia was present. Neuroanatomical localization was consistent with a T3-L3 myelopathy...

Probiotic supplementation has been identified as a potential target to reduce inflammatory mediators associated with obesity. Therefore, this study assessed the effect of probiotic Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus LB1.5 on anxiety-like behavior, gene expression in the prefrontal cortex, and neuroinflammation in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of male mice fed a high-fat diet. Mice aged 21 days were divided into four groups: control (CONT), control plus probiotic (CONT + PROB), high-fat diet (HFD), and high-fat diet plus probiotic (HFD + PROB), and fed for 13 weeks...

BACKGROUND: We aimed to establish a cohort of persons with Crohn's disease (CD) enrolled from 14 Canadian centers to describe the contemporary presentation of CD in Canada. METHODS: All enrollees were at least 18 years old and underwent chart review for phenotype documentation by Montreal Classification at time of enrollment, comorbidities, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and other surgeries, and use IBD and other therapies. RESULTS: Of 2112 adults, 59% were female, and the mean age was 44...

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), or acne inversa, is a chronic inflammatory dermatological condition characterized by painful and recurrent nodules and purulent abscesses. HS can have a devastating impact on the quality of life of patients. This condition is commonly localized to the axilla, groin, perineal, and inframammary regions, and can develop fistulas and sinus tracts over time. Its pathogenesis remains elusive and is best characterized at the moment as multi-factorial. Additionally, questions remain about the role of cutaneous dysbiosis as a primary HS trigger or as a secondary perturbation due to HS inflammation...

BACKGROUND: Approximately 85% of women experience an obstetric tear at delivery and up to 25% subsequently experience wound dehiscence and/or infection. Previous publications suggest that intravenous antibiotics administrated during delivery reduces this risk. We do not know if oral antibiotics given after delivery can reduce the risk of wound dehiscence or infection. Our aim is to investigate whether three doses of oral antibiotics (amoxicillin 500 mg/clavulanic acid 125 mg) given after delivery can reduce the risk of wound dehiscence and infection in patients with a second-degree obstetric tear or episiotomy...

AIM: To describe home-based care and practices recommended for mothers after caesarean section (CS), existing in the literature. DESIGN: Systematic review. METHODS: This integrative literature review was conducted by using Google Scholar, PubMed and Hinari databases from its inception to June 2021. The search included research articles, protocols and guidelines that describe home care practice after CS and assessed for their quality. Synthesis of recommendations from the included literature was classified based on the type of study design, and the review was guided by methodology registered in Prospero (ID CRD42021276905)...

PURPOSE/AIM: Perianal wound healing and/or complications are common following abdominoperineal resection (APR). Although primary closure is commonly undertaken, myocutaneous flap closure such as vertical rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap (VRAM) is thought to improve wound healing process and outcome. A comprehensive meta-analysis was performed to compare outcomes of primary closure versus VRAM flap closure of perineal wound following APR. METHODS: PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials were comprehensively searched until the 8th of August 2023...

Centromochlinae is a widely diverse subfamily with more than 50 species and several taxonomic conflicts due to morphological similarity between Tatia and Centromochlus species. However, cytogenetic studies on this group have been limited to only four species so far. Therefore, here we present the karyotype of Centromochlus schultzi from the Xingu River in Brazil using classic cytogenetic techniques, physical mapping of the 5S and 18S rDNAs, and telomeric sequences (TTAGGG)n. The species had 58 chromosomes, simple NORs and 18S rDNA sites...