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OBJECTIVES: Given the introduction in 2008 of undergraduate family medicine in the University of Ghana, the study aimed to identify the perceptions of medical students in Ghana about family medicine with regard to knowledge and relevance as well as specialty preferences. DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey. METHOD: Investigators conducted yearly surveys of first clinical year students at the University of Ghana School of Medicine and Dentistry over a 5-year period (2008-2012) using a semi-structured questionnaire...

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No abstract available.

Internationally, there is a move towards strengthening primary healthcare systems and encouraging community-based and socially responsible education. The development of doctors with an interest in primary healthcare and family medicine in the African region should begin during undergraduate training. Over the last few years, attention has been given to the development of postgraduate training in family medicine in the African region, but little attention has been given to undergraduate training. This article reports on the 8th PRIMAFAMED (Primary Care and Family Medicine Education) network meeting held in Nairobi from 21 to 24 May 2016...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

INTRODUCTION: Health promotion at the workplace and for workers is important to promote workers' health, improve working environments and work practices. The goal of this analysis was to provide an example of health risk assessment conducted in a large media organization in Ghana for its workers and to identify correlates of health risks identified among different categories of workers. METHODS: This was a cross sectional study of the health risk of staff in a large corporate media organization in Accra, Ghana, conducted in 2012...

INTRODUCTION: The current surgical management of acute complicated diverticulitis has seen a major paradigm shift from routine operative intervention to a more conservative approach. This has been made possible by the widespread availability of computed tomography (CT) to enable stratification of the disease severity of acute complicated diverticulitis. The aim of this study was to retrospectively validate a CT grading system for acute complicated diverticulitis in the prediction of the need for operative or percutaneous intervention...

CONTEXT: Surgery is an important part of treatment in children with neuroblastoma; however, exact timing is unclear. Both initial and delayed surgery was suggested as the best by numerous studies. AIMS: Thus, we aimed to investigate the role of delayed surgery on 31 children with high-risk neuroblastoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-one children with high-risk neuroblastoma were enrolled into the study. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) for windows 10...

BACKGROUND: Health-care systems based on primary health care (PHC) are more equitable and cost effective. Family medicine trains medical doctors in comprehensive PHC with knowledge and skills that are needed to increase quality of care. Family medicine is a relatively new specialty in sub-Saharan Africa. OBJECTIVE: To explore the extent to which the Primafamed South-South cooperative project contributed to the development of family medicine in sub-Saharan Africa...

BACKGROUND: The World Health Organisation has advocated for comprehensive primary care teams, which include family physicians. However, despite (or because of) severe doctor shortages in Africa, there is insufficient clarity on the role of the family physician in the primary health care team. Instead there is a trend towards task shifting without thought for teamwork, which runs the risk of dangerous oversimplification. It is not clear how African leaders understand the challenges of implementing family medicine, especially in human resource terms...

In the F2 generation of the cross between burley varieties,Ky 14 andKy Ex 42, estimates of additive genetic variance were significant for yield, days to flower, and number of leaves. All estimates of dominance variance, additive X additive variance, and interactions between genetic variances and years were smaller than twice their standard errors. The gain expected from selecting and recombining the best 10% of theF 2 plants ranged from 4% for number of leaves to 8.6% for yield. Additive genetic correlations between pairs of agronomic characters were positive...

SUMMARY: Statistical validation of peptide assignments from a large-scale shotgun proteomics experiment is a critical step, and various methods for evaluating significance based on decoy database search are in practice. False discovery rate (FDR) estimation of peptide assignments assesses global significance and corrects for multiple comparisons. Various approaches have been proposed for FDR estimation but unavailability of standard tools or libraries leads to development of many in-house scripts followed by manual steps that are error-prone and low-throughput...

BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization encourages comprehensive primary care within an ongoing personalised relationship, including family physicians in the primary healthcare team, but family medicine is new in Africa, with doctors mostly being hospital based. African family physicians are trying to define family medicine in Africa, however, there is little clarity on the views of African country leadership and their understanding of family medicine and its place in Africa. AIM: To understand leaders' views on family medicine in Africa...

Pulmonary artery (PA) smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation in pulmonary hypertension (PH) may be linked to dysregulated mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling. The mTOR pathway involves two independent complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2, which phosphorylate S6 kinase (S6K) and serine/threonine kinase (Akt), respectively, and differ in their sensitivity to rapamycin. Here, we evaluated rapamycin-sensitive mTOR substrates and PA-SMC proliferation in rats with monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PH (MCT-PH). Compared with cells from control rats, cultured PA-SMCs from MCT-PH rats exhibited increased growth responses to platelet-derived growth factor, serotonin (5-hydroxytryptophan), IL-1β, insulin-like growth factor-1, or fetal calf serum (FCS), with increases in phosphorylated (Ser-473)Akt, (Thr-308)Akt, glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)3, and S6K reflecting activated mTORC1 and mTORC2 signaling...

BACKGROUND: The hospital standardised mortality ratio (HSMR), anchored at an average score of 100, is a controversial macromeasure of hospital quality. The measure may be dependent on differences in patient coding, particularly since cases labelled as palliative are typically excluded. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether palliative coding in Canada has changed since the 2007 national introduction of publicly released HSMRs, and how such changes may have affected results...

The molecular signals inducing the formation of inhibitory synapses early in development have remained enigmatic. Here we focus on the role of PKC and GABA(A)R receptor activation in the formation of GABAergic synapses in a natural cellular environment. Rapid synaptogenesis was observed in horizontal slices from the superior colliculus of embryonic (E19) rat, when GABA still acts as a depolarizing transmitter, excitatory synaptic activity is absent, and the number of already existing inhibitory synapses is very small...

The mammalian superior colliculus (SC) is reported to contain gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)C receptors (GABACRs) at high concentration. However, their role in GABAergic synaptic transmission is not yet known. The aim of the present study was: (i) to clarify whether GABACRs are activated by endogenous GABA; and (ii), to determine whether GABACRs play a role in inhibitory synaptic transmission. Experiments were performed on acute horizontal slices from the postnatal rat SC or on collicular neurons in dissociated cell culture...

The impact of HLA-DQ allelic polymorphism on peptide binding interactions was investigated. MHC class II binding peptides from lambda repressor (lambda R), thyroid peroxidase (TPO), and a modified poly-alanine peptide (AKY) were used in two different binding assays, one with purified DQ molecules and another with cells that expressed DQ cell surface dimers. Class II heterodimers of different combinations of DQ alpha-chain and the DQ beta-chain independently influenced specific peptide interactions. Each of the peptides tested bound differentially to DQ alleles: TPO632-645 bound test to DQ2 molecules (DQA1*0501/DQB1*0201), lambda R12-24 bound best to DQ8 molecules (DQ3...

It was observed previously (Cs aky , T.Z. and Fischer, E. (1981) Diabetes 30, 568-574), that sustained hyperglycemia enhances the intestinal transport of aldohexoses ; on the other hand, hyperfructosemia affects primarily the transport of fructose. The present study examines in detail the hyperketosemia -induced intestinal ketose transport. Intravenously infused 3-O- methylfructose produces marked 3-O- methylfructosemia without concomitant hyperglycemia; in such animals the intestinal transport of both fructose and 3-O- methylfructose increased...