keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535477/towards-the-exploration-and-evolution-of-insulin-like-venoms-in-actiniaria-sea-anemones
#1
REVIEW
Alonso Delgado, Kyle S Sozanski, Marymegan Daly
Recent studies have elucidated the diversity of genes encoding venom in Sea anemones . However, most of those genes are yet to be explored in an evolutionary context. Insulin is a common peptide across metazoans and has been coopted into a predatory venom in many venomous lineages. In this study, we focus on the diversity of insulin-derived venoms in Sea anemones and on elucidating their evolutionary history. We sourced data for 34 species of Sea anemones and found sequences belonging to two venom families which have Insulin PFAM annotations...
March 20, 2024: Marine Drugs
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38526292/henneguya-cnidaria-myxobolidae-species-infecting-oligosarcus-jenynsii-characiformes-characidae-in-a-neotropical-shallow-lake-from-argentina-morphological-and-molecular-characterisation
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Maria Alejandra Rossin, Delfina Maria Paula Cantatore, Martina Lisnerova, Veronica Taglioretti, Astrid Sibylle Holzer
Two previously undescribed myxozoan species, Henneguya sardellae sp. n. and H. margaritae sp. n., found infecting connective tissues of the Neotropical characid fish Oligosarcus jenynsii (Günther) from Argentina are morphologically and molecularly characterised. Mature spores of H. sardellae sp. n. are ellipsoid, with two, straight and visibly fused caudal appendages cleaved at its blunt terminal end; measuring 33.5 ± 1.2 (30.9-35.5) μm in total length, spore body 17.5 ± 0.6 (16.3-18.6) µm, 7...
February 20, 2024: Folia Parasitologica
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38522781/lepocreadiidae-trematoda-associated-with-gelatinous-zooplankton-cnidaria-and-ctenophora-and-fishes-in-australian-and-japanese-waters
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Thomas H Cribb, Scott C Cutmore, Nicholas Q-X Wee, Joanna G Browne, Pablo Diaz Morales, Kylie A Pitt
We examined gelatinous zooplankton from off eastern Australia for lepocreadiid trematode metacercariae. From 221 specimens of 17 species of cnidarian medusae and 218 specimens of four species of ctenophores, infections were found in seven cnidarian and two ctenophore species. Metacercariae were distinguished using cox1 mtDNA, ITS2 rDNA and morphology. We identified three species of Prodistomum Linton, 1910 [P. keyam Bray & Cribb, 1996, P. orientale (Layman, 1930), and Prodistomum Type 3], two species of Opechona Looss, 1907 [O...
March 22, 2024: Parasitology International
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38516131/parallel-evolution-of-gravity-sensing
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Daria Y Romanova, Leonid L Moroz
Omnipresent gravity affects all living organisms; it was a vital factor in the past and the current bottleneck for future space exploration. However, little is known about the evolution of gravity sensing and the comparative biology of gravity reception. Here, by tracing the parallel evolution of gravity sensing, we encounter situations when assemblies of homologous modules result in the emergence of non-homologous structures with similar systemic properties. This is a perfect example to study homoplasy at all levels of biological organization...
2024: Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38502479/saber-fish-in-hydractinia
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Miguel Salinas-Saavedra
In situ hybridization allows the detection of nucleic acid sequences in fixed cells and tissues. The gelatinous nature of cnidarians and Hydractinia demands extensive and exhausting protocols to detect RNA transcripts with traditional methods (e.g., colorimetric in situ hybridization). Signal amplification by exchange reaction (SABER) fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) enables simplifying and multiplex imaging of RNA targets in a rapid and cost-effective manner. In one enzymatic reaction, SABER-FISH uses a strand-displacing polymerase and catalytic DNA hairpin to generate FISH probes with adjustable signal amplification, allowing highly sensitive detection of nucleic acids and reducing the number of required probes...
2024: Methods in Molecular Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38502478/fluorescence-in-situ-hybridization-as-a-tool-for-studying-the-specification-and-differentiation-of-cell-types-in-nematostella-vectensis
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Océane Tournière, Henriette Busengdal, James M Gahan, Fabian Rentzsch
The sea anemone Nematostella vectensis is a genetically tractable cnidarian species that has become a model organism for studying the evolution of developmental processes and genome regulation, resilience to fluctuations in environmental conditions, and the response to pollutants. Gene expression analyses are central to many of these studies, and in situ hybridization has been an important method for obtaining spatial information, in particular during embryonic development. Like other cnidarians, Nematostella embryos are of comparably low morphological complexity, but they possess many cell types that are dispersed throughout the tissue and originate from broad and overlapping areas...
2024: Methods in Molecular Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38502060/conserved-non-coding-elements-evolve-around-the-same-genes-throughout-metazoan-evolution
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Paul Gonzalez, Quinn C Hauck, Andreas D Baxevanis
Conserved noncoding elements (CNEs) are DNA sequences located outside of protein-coding genes that can remain under purifying selection for up to hundreds of millions of years. Studies in vertebrate genomes have revealed that most CNEs carry out regulatory functions. Notably, many of them are enhancers that control the expression of homeodomain transcription factors and other genes that play crucial roles in embryonic development. To further our knowledge of CNEs in other parts of the animal tree, we conducted a large-scale characterization of CNEs in more than 50 genomes from three of the main branches of the metazoan tree: Cnidaria, Mollusca, and Arthropoda...
March 19, 2024: Genome Biology and Evolution
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38502059/giants-among-cnidaria-large-nuclear-genomes-and-rearranged-mitochondrial-genomes-in-siphonophores
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Namrata Ahuja, Xuwen Cao, Darrin T Schultz, Natasha Picciani, Arianna Lord, Shengyuan Shao, Kejue Jia, David R Burdick, Steven H D Haddock, Yuanning Li, Casey W Dunn
Siphonophores (Cnidaria:Hydrozoa) are abundant predators found throughout the ocean and are important constituents of the global zooplankton community. They range in length from a few centimeters to tens of meters. They are gelatinous, fragile, and difficult to collect, so many aspects of the biology of these roughly 200 species remain poorly understood. To survey siphonophore genome diversity, we performed Illumina sequencing of 32 species sampled broadly across the phylogeny. Sequencing depth was sufficient to estimate nuclear genome size from k-mer spectra in 6 specimens, ranging from 0...
March 19, 2024: Genome Biology and Evolution
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38500146/updated-single-cell-reference-atlas-for-the-starlet-anemone-nematostella-vectensis
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alison G Cole, Julia Steger, Julia Hagauer, Andreas Denner, Patricio Ferrer Murguia, Paul Knabl, Sanjay Narayanaswamy, Brittney Wick, Juan D Montenegro, Ulrich Technau
BACKGROUND: The recent combination of genomics and single cell transcriptomics has allowed to assess a variety of non-conventional model organisms in much more depth. Single cell transcriptomes can uncover hidden cellular complexity and cell lineage relationships within organisms. The recent developmental cell atlases of the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis, a representative of the basally branching Cnidaria, has provided new insights into the development of all cell types (Steger et al Cell Rep 40(12):111370, 2022; Sebé-Pedrós et al...
March 18, 2024: Frontiers in Zoology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38472535/highly-conserved-and-extremely-evolvable-bmp-signalling-in-secondary-axis-patterning-of-cnidaria-and-bilateria
#10
REVIEW
David Mörsdorf, Paul Knabl, Grigory Genikhovich
Bilateria encompass the vast majority of the animal phyla. As the name states, they are bilaterally symmetric, that is with a morphologically clear main body axis connecting their anterior and posterior ends, a second axis running between their dorsal and ventral surfaces, and with a left side being roughly a mirror image of their right side. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signalling has widely conserved functions in the formation and patterning of the second, dorso-ventral (DV) body axis, albeit to different extents in different bilaterian species...
March 13, 2024: Development Genes and Evolution
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38468949/deep-sea-treasures-insights-from-museum-archives-shed-light-on-coral-microbial-diversity-within-deepest-ocean-ecosystems
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Francesco Ricci, William Leggat, Marisa M Pasella, Tom Bridge, Jeremy Horowitz, Peter R Girguis, Tracy Ainsworth
Deep sea benthic habitats are low productivity ecosystems that host an abundance of organisms within the Cnidaria phylum. The technical limitations and the high cost of deep sea surveys have made exploring deep sea environments and the biology of the organisms that inhabit them challenging. In spite of the widespread recognition of Cnidaria's environmental importance in these ecosystems, the microbial assemblage and its role in coral functioning have only been studied for a few deep water corals. Here, we explored the microbial diversity of deep sea corals by recovering nucleic acids from museum archive specimens...
March 15, 2024: Heliyon
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38468189/diversity-and-function-of-fluorescent-molecules-in-marine-animals
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lars H Poding, Peter Jägers, Stefan Herlitze, Mareike Huhn
Fluorescence in marine animals has mainly been studied in Cnidaria but is found in many different phyla such as Annelida, Crustacea, Mollusca, and Chordata. While many fluorescent proteins and molecules have been identified, very little information is available about the biological functions of fluorescence. In this review, we focus on describing the occurrence of fluorescence in marine animals and the behavioural and physiological functions of fluorescent molecules based on experimental approaches. These biological functions of fluorescence range from prey and symbiont attraction, photoprotection, photoenhancement, stress mitigation, mimicry, and aposematism to inter- and intraspecific communication...
March 11, 2024: Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38467089/reduction-of-small-prey-capture-rate-and-collective-predation-in-the-bleached-sea-anemone-exaiptasiadiaphana
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Chiara Gregorin, Marica Di Vito, Camilla Roveta, Torcuato Pulido Mantas, Stefano Gridelli, Federico Domenichelli, Lucrezia Cilenti, Tomás Vega Fernández, Stefania Puce, Luigi Musco
Cnidarians may dominate benthic communities, as in the case of coral reefs that foster biodiversity and provide important ecosystem services. Polyps may feed by predating mesozooplantkon and large motile prey, but many species further obtain autotrophic nutrients from photosymbiosis. Anthropogenic disturbance, such as the rise of seawater temperature and turbidity, can lead to the loss of symbionts, causing bleaching. Prolonged periods of bleaching can induce mortality events over vast areas. Heterotrophy may allow bleached cnidarians to survive for long periods of time...
March 6, 2024: Marine Environmental Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38449328/the-plasticity-of-immune-memory-in-invertebrates
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Humberto Lanz-Mendoza, Dumas Gálvez, Jorge Contreras-Garduño
Whether specific immune protection after initial pathogen exposure (immune memory) occurs in invertebrates has long been uncertain. The absence of antibodies, B-cells and T-cells, and the short lifespans of invertebrates led to the hypothesis that immune memory does not occur in these organisms. However, research in the past two decades has supported the existence of immune memory in several invertebrate groups, including Ctenophora, Cnidaria, Nematoda, Mollusca and Arthropoda. Interestingly, some studies have demonstrated immune memory that is specific to the parasite strain...
March 7, 2024: Journal of Experimental Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38443982/new-molecular-evidence-on-the-members-of-the-genus-ortholinea-cnidaria-myxozoa-and-the-description-of-ortholinea-hamsiensis-n-sp-infecting-the-urinary-bladder-of-european-anchovy-engraulis-engrasicolus-in-the-black-sea
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38424629/host-starvation-and-in-hospite-degradation-of-algal-symbionts-shape-the-heat-stress-response-of-the-cassiopea-symbiodiniaceae-symbiosis
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Gaëlle Toullec, Nils Rädecker, Claudia Pogoreutz, Guilhem Banc-Prandi, Stéphane Escrig, Christel Genoud, Cristina Martin Olmos, Jorge Spangenberg, Anders Meibom
BACKGROUND: Global warming is causing large-scale disruption of cnidarian-Symbiodiniaceae symbioses fundamental to major marine ecosystems, such as coral reefs. However, the mechanisms by which heat stress perturbs these symbiotic partnerships remain poorly understood. In this context, the upside-down jellyfish Cassiopea has emerged as a powerful experimental model system. RESULTS: We combined a controlled heat stress experiment with isotope labeling and correlative SEM-NanoSIMS imaging to show that host starvation is a central component in the chain of events that ultimately leads to the collapse of the Cassiopea holobiont...
February 29, 2024: Microbiome
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38417631/the-significance-of-ethel-browne-s-research-on-hydra-for-the-organizer-concept
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Thomas W Holstein
This article focuses on the roots of the organizer concept, which was developed by Hans Spemann during his studies of early embryonic development in amphibians. The fundamental properties of this axis-inducing signaling center have been elucidated through pioneering molecular research by Eddy De Robertis' laboratory and other researchers. Evolutionary comparisons have disclosed the presence of this signaling center, involving the interaction of Wnt and TGF-beta signaling pathways, existed not only in vertebrates but also in basal Metazoa such as Cnidaria...
February 27, 2024: Cells & development
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38412969/starvation-differentially-affects-gene-expression-immunity-and-pathogen-susceptibility-across-symbiotic-states-in-a-model-cnidarian
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Maria Valadez-Ingersoll, Pablo J Aguirre Carrión, Caoimhe A Bodnar, Niharika A Desai, Thomas D Gilmore, Sarah W Davies
Mutualistic symbioses between cnidarians and photosynthetic algae are modulated by complex interactions between host immunity and environmental conditions. Here, we investigate how symbiosis interacts with food limitation to influence gene expression and stress response programming in the sea anemone Exaiptasia pallida (Aiptasia). Transcriptomic responses to starvation were similar between symbiotic and aposymbiotic Aiptasia; however, aposymbiotic anemone responses were stronger. Starved Aiptasia of both symbiotic states exhibited increased protein levels of immune-related transcription factor NF-κB, its associated gene pathways, and putative target genes...
February 28, 2024: Proceedings. Biological Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38410802/looking-for-the-sponge-loop-analyses-of-detritus-on-a-caribbean-forereef-using-stable-isotope-and-edna-metabarcoding-techniques
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lauren K Olinger, Beverly McClenaghan, Mehrdad Hajibabaei, Nicole Fahner, Lesley Berghuis, Hoda Rajabi, Patrick Erwin, Chad S Lane, Joseph R Pawlik
Coral reefs are biodiverse ecosystems that rely on trophodynamic transfers from primary producers to consumers through the detrital pathway. The sponge loop hypothesis proposes that sponges consume dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and produce large quantities of detritus on coral reefs, with this turn-over approaching the daily gross primary production of the reef ecosystem. In this study, we collected samples of detritus in the epilithic algal matrix (EAM) and samples from potential sources of detritus over two seasons from the forereef at Carrie Bow Cay, Belize...
2024: PeerJ
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38393153/evolutionary-analysis-of-cnidaria-small-cysteine-rich-proteins-scrips-an-enigmatic-neurotoxin-family-from-stony-corals-and-sea-anemones-anthozoa-hexacorallia
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ricardo Alexandre Barroso, Luana Ramos, Hugo Moreno, Agostinho Antunes
Cnidarians (corals, sea anemones, and jellyfish) produce toxins that play central roles in key ecological processes, including predation, defense, and competition, being the oldest extant venomous animal lineage. Cnidaria small cysteine-rich proteins (SCRiPs) were the first family of neurotoxins detected in stony corals, one of the ocean's most crucial foundation species. Yet, their molecular evolution remains poorly understood. Moreover, the lack of a clear classification system has hindered the establishment of an accurate and phylogenetically informed nomenclature...
February 2, 2024: Toxins
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