esophagus development

As for other mammals, the digestive system of dogs (facultative carnivores) and cats (obligate carnivores) includes the mouth, teeth, tongue, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and accessory digestive organs (salivary glands, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder). These carnivores have a relatively shorter digestive tract but longer canine teeth, a tighter digitation of molars, and a greater stomach volume than omnivorous mammals such as humans and pigs. Both dogs and cats have no detectable or a very low activity of salivary α-amylase but dogs, unlike cats, possess a relatively high activity of pancreatic α-amylase...

Dysphagia lusoria is a rare pediatric condition caused by extrinsic compression of the esophagus by an abnormal subclavian artery. The most common congenital abnormality in aortic arch development is an aberrant right subclavian artery. The retroesophageal right subclavian artery is typically symptomatic in 10-33% of cases. The patient, an 8-month-old girl with a history of early dysphagia and stridor, was diagnosed with an abnormal right subclavian artery. She was admitted to the pneumology service multiple times due to stridor, vomiting, and failure to thrive...

BACKGROUND/AIMS: : Asymptomatic esophageal eosinophilia (aEE), characterized by eosinophil infiltration in the esophagus without clinical symptoms, has been reported as a precursor of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). Nevertheless, no report exists on the long-term clinical course of the disease. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the long-term clinical course of aEE over 5 years, including the symptomatic conversion rate and the effect of treatments. METHODS: : We reviewed 28 patients with aEE who had been followed up for over 5 years with endoscopic monitoring...

BACKGROUND Unintentional medication-blister ingestion is rare but frequently leads to intestinal perforation. The diagnosis of intestinal perforation following blister ingestion is often delayed because of an unreliable history and nonspecific clinical presentation. The purpose of this case report is to raise awareness about a rare but difficult diagnosis and its importance in avoiding potentially fatal events. CASE REPORT Herein, we describe successful cases of surgical and endoscopic removal after blister ingestion...

METHODS: A dataset of the locally treated patients in a randomized controlled trial comparing POEM with pneumatic dilation (PD) was analyzed. A BOM is defined as a >50% increase in esophageal diameter at its widest point in the distal esophagus between the lower esophageal sphincter and 5 cm above. RESULTS: 74 patients were treated in our center, 5-year follow-up data was available in 55 patients (32 (58%) patients randomized to POEM, 23 (42%) PD). In the group initially treated with POEM the incidence of BOM increased from 11...

In 1945, the Welsh surgeon Ivor Lewis first reported performing the resection of a mid-esophageal tumor through a combined approach involving the abdomen and right chest. While his technique was initially rebuffed by the preeminent esophageal surgeons of the time, it quickly became the standard approach for cancers of the mid-esophagus. Here we review the development and early dissemination of Lewis' operation using the case of the American actor Humphrey Bogart who underwent an Ivor Lewis esophagectomy for esophageal cancer in 1956...

Efforts to improve the prognosis for patients with locally advanced esophageal or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma have focused on neoadjuvant approaches to increase the pathological complete response (pathCR) rate, improve surgical resection, and prolong event-free and overall survival (OS). Building on the recent evidence that PD-1 inhibition plus chemotherapy improves the OS of patients with metastatic GEJ adenocarcinoma, we evaluated whether the application of this strategy in the neoadjuvant setting would improve the pathological response...

Background: Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma cases are increasing as gastroesophageal reflux disease increases. Using artificial intelligence (AI) and linked color imaging (LCI), our aim was to establish a method of diagnosis for short-segment Barrett's esophagus (SSBE). Methods: We retrospectively selected 624 consecutive patients in total at our hospital, treated between May 2017 and March 2020, who experienced an esophagogastroduodenoscopy with white light imaging (WLI) and LCI. Images were randomly chosen as data for learning from WLI: 542 (SSBE+/- 348/194) of 696 (SSBE+/- 444/252); and LCI: 643 (SSBE+/- 446/197) of 805 (SSBE+/- 543/262)...

PURPOSE: This study aims to propose and develop a fast, accurate, and robust prediction method of patient-specific organ doses from CT examinations using minimized computational resources. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We randomly selected the image data of 723 patients who underwent thoracic CT examinations. We performed auto-segmentation based on the selected data to generate the regions of interest (ROIs) of thoracic organs using the DeepViewer software. For each patient, radiomics features of the thoracic ROIs were extracted via the Pyradiomics package...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: In this pilot study we evaluated performance of a recently developed computer-aided detection (CADe) system for Barrett's neoplasia during live endoscopic procedures. METHODS: 15 patients with and 15 without a visible lesion were included in this study. A CAD assisted workflow was employed that included: a slow pullback video recording of the entire Barrett's segment with live CADe assistance, followed by CADe assisted level-based video recordings every 2cm of the Barrett's segment...

The gastroesophageal squamocolumnar junction (GE-SCJ) is a critical tissue interface between the esophagus and stomach, with significant relevance in the pathophysiology of gastrointestinal diseases. Despite this, the molecular mechanisms underlying GE-SCJ development remain unclear. Using single-cell transcriptomics, organoids, and spatial analysis, we examine the cellular heterogeneity and spatiotemporal dynamics of GE-SCJ development from embryonic to adult mice. We identify distinct transcriptional states and signaling pathways in the epithelial and mesenchymal compartments of the esophagus and stomach during development...

BACKGROUND: Eosinophilic esophagitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder, often relapsing. There is an increasing need to develop new alternative diagnostic and monitoring methods on a critical basis, which will provide samples through none or minimally invasive procedures. This study aims to identify and document the types and roles of potential biomarkers in eosinophilic esophagitis released by eosinophils as well as the potential relationship to the peak eosinophilic count and the degree of degranulation of in situ eosinophils (DGE/DGE + NDGE: degranulated eosinophils/degranulated eosinophils and non-degranulated eosinophils)...

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is closely associated with type 2 diabetes and a developing several cancers including esophageal cancer (EC). However, the association between MASLD and EC in diabetic patients has not been investigated. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the relation between MASLD and developing EC in diabetic patients. This was a population-based retrospective cohort study of data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service (NHIS). A total of 1,904,468 subjects diagnosed with diabetes who underwent NHIS-provided health checkups from 2009 to 2012 were included...

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is increasingly being utilized for the resection of superficial gastrointestinal neoplasms. However, the long procedure time poses a technical challenge for conventional ESD (C-ESD). Traction-assisted ESD (T-ESD) was developed to facilitate the procedure by reducing its duration. This study compares the efficacy and safety of C-ESD versus T-ESD in the treatment of esophageal, gastric, and colorectal neoplasms. Nine randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were analyzed. Traction-assisted ESD exhibited shorter mean dissection times for the esophagus and colorectal regions and lower perforation rates in colorectal cases...

SIGNIFICANCE: Endoscopic screening for esophageal cancer (EC) may enable early cancer diagnosis and treatment. While optical microendoscopic technology has shown promise in improving specificity, the limited field of view (<mml:math xmlns:mml="https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mo><</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mtext>  </mml:mtext><mml:mi>mm</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>) significantly reduces the ability to survey large areas efficiently in EC screening...

BACKGROUND: The relationship among obesity, bariatric surgery, and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is complex, given that some bariatric procedures are thought to be associated with increased incidence of reflux and Barrett's esophagus. Previous bariatric surgery may complicate the use of the stomach as a conduit for esophagectomy. In this study, we presented our experience with patients who developed EAC after bariatric surgery and described the challenges encountered and the techniques used...

BACKGROUND: Alpha-synuclein (aSyn) is a key player in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies, or multiple system atrophy. aSyn is expressed throughout the brain, and can also be detected in various peripheral tissues. In fact, initial symptoms of PD are non-motoric and include autonomic dysfunction, suggesting that the periphery might play an important role in early development of the disease. aSyn is expressed at relatively low levels in non-central tissues, which brings challenges for its detection and quantification in different tissues...

Objective and Impact Statement: A clinically viable technology for comprehensive esophagus surveillance and potential treatment is lacking. Here, we report a novel multifunctional ablative gastrointestinal imaging capsule (MAGIC) technology platform to address this clinical need. The MAGIC technology could also facilitate the clinical translation and adoption of the tethered capsule endomicroscopy (TCE) technology. Introduction: Recently developed optical coherence tomography (OCT) TCE technologies have shown a promising potential for surveillance of Barrett's esophagus and esophageal cancer in awake patients without the need for sedation...

BACKGROUND: Currently, the primary treatment for gastroesophageal reflux is acid suppression with proton pump inhibitors, but they are not a cure, and some patients don't respond well or refuse long-term use. Therefore, alternative therapies are needed to understand the disease and develop better treatments. Laparoscopic anti-reflux surgery (LARS) can resolve symptoms of these patients and plays a significant role in evaluating esophageal healing after preventing harmful effects. Successful LARS improves typical gastroesophageal reflux symptoms in most patients, mainly by reducing the exposure time to gastric contents in the esophagus...

BACKGROUND: Accurate preoperative prediction of lymph node metastasis (LNM) in esophageal cancer (EC) patients is of crucial clinical significance for treatment planning and prognosis. AIM: To develop a clinical radiomics nomogram that can predict the preoperative lymph node (LN) status in EC patients. METHODS: A total of 32 EC patients confirmed by clinical pathology (who underwent surgical treatment) were included. Real-time fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the expression of B7-H3 mRNA in EC tissue obtained during preoperative gastroscopy, and its correlation with LNM was analyzed...