Treatment for diabetes

Ceriops decandra is a mangrove tree species, reputed for its folkloric uses in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, infection, snakebites, inflammation, and cancer. Different parts of the plant are rich with various phytoconstituents which include diterpenoids (ceriopsin A-G), triterpenoids (lupeol, α-amyrin, oleanolic acid, ursolic acid), and phenolics (catechin, procyanidins).These phytoconstituents and their derivatives could form a new basis for developing new drugs against various diseases. The objective of the present study is to compile the phytochemical, ethnobotanical, biological, and pharmacological significance of the plant to provide directions for future research to find out therapeutically active lead compounds for developing new drugs against diseases of current interest including diabetes, inflammation, and cancer...

ETHNO-PHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Annona species (Annonaceae) have long been used as traditional herbal medicines by native peoples in tropical areas. In different countries they are used against a large variety of illnesses, such as parasitic and infectious diseases, cancer, diabetes, peptic ulcers, and mental disorders. AIM OF THE STUDY: This review aims to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the research conducted so far on the local and traditional uses, pharmacological activities, mechanism of actions of active compounds, toxicity, and possible interactions with other drugs of the Annona species...

Emerging evidence has shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) play a mediatory role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN), but the function of the involved miRNAs is still incomplete. Here, we found that miR-455-3p was down-regulated in the human mesangial cells (HMC) and human proximal tubule epithelial cells (HK-2) stimulated with high glucose (HG) or transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1). Rho-associated coiled coil-containing protein kinase 2 (ROCK2) was identified as a directed target of miR-455-3p...

Diabetes is a complex, chronic illness requiring continuous medical care with multifactorial risk-reduction strategies for appropriate glycemic control. Type 2 diabetes remains a global epidemic secondary to increases in physical inactivity and obesity. While many populations are at risk, African-Americans bear a disproportionate burden from diabetes and its complications. Diabetes self-management education (DSME) is essential to successful diabetes treatment and complication prevention. However, diabetes management requires daily patient involvement and skills...

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of two formulations of -DuvieTM (0.5-mg lobeglitazone sulfate). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was designed as an open-label, randomized, single-dose, crossover bioequivalence study in healthy male subjects. A total of 28 subjects were randomized into two groups: one group received the test drug, 0.5-mg DuvieTM tablets, which have formulations available on the global market; and the other group received the reference drug, the initially-approved 0...

OBJECTIVE Paraclinoid aneurysms represent approximately 5% of intracranial aneurysms (Drake et al. [1968]). Visual impairment, which occurs in 16%-40% of patients, is among the most common presentations of these aneurysms (Day [1990], Lai and Morgan [2013], Sahlein et al. [2015], and Silva et al. [2017]). Flow-diverting stents, such as the Pipeline Embolization Device (PED), are increasingly used to treat these aneurysms, in part because of their theoretical reduction of mass effect (Fiorella et al. [2009])...

Glucose-responsive insulin delivery systems, which can maintain a stable level of blood glucose, have been proposed as a promising method to treat diabetes. Such systems can reduce potential toxicity and enhance patient compliance compared to traditional therapies. Accordingly, we designed a mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSN)-based glucose-sensitive and self-regulated drug release system to achieve the goal of long circulation and "touch switch" in vivo. In this system, carboxyphenylboronic acid (CPBA) was first modified on the surface of MSN using amidation reaction...

Background The documentation of medical records of diabetic patients is very important for the treatment of diabetes. The purpose of this study was to conduct quantitative evaluations of the Diabetic Medical Record (DMR) and Documentation Completeness Rate (DCR). Methods In this retrospective study, we evaluated the DCR of DMRs in the Comprehensive Diabetes Center of Imam Reza Hospital (CDRIRH). A checklist was prepared to evaluate the DCR. The overall assessment of the DCR was represented according to the following rating: 95-100% as strong, 75-94% as moderate, and less than 75% as weak...

INTRODUCTION: Choroideremia is an X-linked inherited retinal degeneration that causes blindness in afflicted males by middle age. The causative gene, CHM, plays a key role in intracellular trafficking pathways, and its disruption impairs cell homeostasis. Areas covered: The mechanism by which mutations in CHM cause choroideremia is still under debate. Here we describe the molecular defects in choroideremia cells regarding both the deficiency of prenylation and the involvement of Rab GTPases...

OBJECTIVE: To review efficacy and safety of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) semaglutide for type 2 diabetes (T2D). DATA SOURCES: A literature search of PubMed/MEDLINE and EMBASE using the term semaglutide was completed through April 2018. A search of clinicaltrials.gov was also conducted. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: English-language studies assessing the efficacy and/or safety of semaglutide were evaluated...

Obesity is a prevalent chronic condition in many developed and developing nations that raises the risk for developing heart disease, stroke, and diabetes. Previous studies have shown that consuming particular probiotic strains of Lactobacillus is associated with improvement in the obese and diabetic phenotype; however, the mechanisms of these beneficial effects are not well understood. In this study, C57BL/6J male mice were fed a lard-based high fat diet for 15 weeks with Lactobacillus plantarum supplementation NCIMB8826 (Lp) between weeks 10 and 15 (n=10 per group)...

Clinical inertia is common in all chronic diseases including diabetes. Despite the advent of newer agents for the management of hyperglycaemia, hypertension and dyslipidaemia, the number of people with diabetes hitting all three targets remains small. The causes of clinical inertia are multifactorial, with contributory elements from people with diabetes, physicians, and the system within which they work. Every healthcare provider should havethe best interest of their patients at heart;most people with diabetes want to maintain their health for as long as possible; and the maintenance of good health is not only the purpose of the system, but also the most cost-effective strategy...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The objective of this review is to critically assess the contributing role of the gut microbiota in human obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). RECENT FINDINGS: Experiments in animal and human studies have produced growing evidence for the causality of the gut microbiome in developing obesity and T2D. The introduction of high-throughput sequencing technologies has provided novel insight into the interpersonal differences in microbiome composition and function...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Hypoglycemia is the most common and often treatment-limiting serious adverse effect of diabetes therapy. Despite being potentially preventable, hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes incurs substantial personal and societal burden. We review the epidemiology of hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes, discuss key risk factors, and introduce potential prevention strategies. RECENT FINDINGS: Reported rates of hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes vary widely as there is marked heterogeneity in how hypoglycemia is defined, measured, and reported...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: We provide a review of monogenic diabetes in young children and adolescents with a focus on recognition, management, and pharmacological treatment. RECENT FINDINGS: Monogenic forms of diabetes account for approximately 1-2% of diabetes in children and adolescents, and its incidence has increased in recent years due to greater awareness and wider availability of genetic testing. Monogenic diabetes is due to single gene defects that primarily affect beta cell function with more than 30 different genes reported...

INTRODUCTION: Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors function not only to reduce hyperglycemia but also to ameliorate liver injury and reduce body weight. The aim of this study was to examine in which subjects SGLT2 inhibitors are more effective for glycemic control, liver injury, and obesity in Japanese subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS: We enrolled a total of 156 subjects with type 2 diabetes who initiated SGLT2 inhibitor treatment after September 1, 2014 in Kawasaki Medical School (Protocol No...

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) has been validated as a safe and effective treatment for morbid obesity. However, data of the long-term outcome remains lacking. METHODS: A total of 1759 LSG was performed as primary bariatric procedure from 2005 to 2017 with mean age of 35.2 ± 10.3 years old (14-71), female 69.7%, mean body mass index (BMI) 37.9 ± 7.7 kg/m2 , and mean waist width 113.7 ± 17.9 cm. All patients were evaluated and managed under a strict multidisciplinary team approach...

AIMS: Probiotics and/or prebiotics could be a promising approach to improve metabolic disorders by favorably modifying the gut microbial composition. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of probiotics and synbiotic on glycemic indices in prediabetic individuals who are at risk of type 2 diabetes and its complications. METHODS: In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled parallel-group clinical trial, 120 prediabetic adults participated and were randomly allocated to receive either probiotics or synbiotic or placebo supplements for 24 weeks...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To provide an update on knowledge the role of genetics in youth-onset type 2 diabetes (T2D). RECENT FINDINGS: The prevalence in youth of T2D, once thought to be exclusively a disease of adults, has increased by over 35% since 2001. Youth with T2D tend to have higher rates of complications, more aggressive disease, with more rapid loss of beta-cell function and a less favorable response to treatment than adults. Obesity is the most important risk factor for T2D, and the rise in childhood overweight and obesity appears responsible for the dramatic increase in T2D in youth...

Burn injuries generate multisystem physiological derangements. The authors present a case series of three patients developing acute coronary syndrome (ACS) stemming from coronary vasospasm (CVS) over a course of 5 months. This etiology of ACS is significant as it has previously not been described in burn patients and requires a different management algorithm than vaso-occlusive disease. All patients were admitted to a single accredited burn unit. Burn mechanisms were flash burn, chemical fire, and house fire...