Treatment for diabetes

Chronic hyperglycemia induces impairment of muscle growth and development of diabetes mellitus (DM). Since skeletal muscle is the major site for disposal of ingested glucose, impaired glucose metabolism causes imbalance between protein synthesis and degradation which adversely affects physical mobility. In this study, we investigated the effect of tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) supplementation on skeletal muscle damage in diabetic mice. Diabetes was induced by a high-fat diet with streptozotocin (STZ) injection (100 mg/kg) in male C57BL/6J mice...

Diabetes is a frequent condition in pregnancy and achieving adequate glycemic control is of paramount importance. Insulin treatment is the gold standard, oral agents are more attractive, but their safety and efficiency should be a prerequisite for their use. We have more information regarding treatment of women with gestational diabetes mellitus where glyburide can induce a picture of fetal hyperinsulinism (higher birthweight and more neonatal hypoglycemia) whereas metformin requires supplemental insulin in a larger proportion of women but achieves satisfactory perinatal outcomes with the exception of preterm birth...

BACKGROUND: Clinical trials have shown very modest short-term improvements in glycemic control among participants with diabetes after periodontitis treatment. Few longitudinal studies suggest that periodontitis may be related to prediabetes/diabetes risk. METHODS: We evaluated 1,206 diabetes free participants in the San Juan Overweight Adults Longitudinal Study (SOALS) and 941 with complete 3-year follow-up data were included. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) methods were used to assess periodontitis...

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is among the top ten causes of death worldwide. It is considered to be one of the major global epidemics of the 21st century, with a significant impact on public health budgets. DM is a metabolic disorder with multiple etiologies. Its pathophysiology is marked by dysfunction of pancreatic β-cells which compromises the synthesis and secretion of insulin along with resistance to insulin action in peripheral tissues (muscle and adipose). Subjects presenting insulin resistance in DM type 2 often also exhibit increased insulin secretion and hyperinsulinemia...

INTRODUCTION: Regular medical checkups indicate a patient's level of adherence to health care treatment, and the frequency of cancelled appointments or no-shows can indicate adherence. This study investigated the use of health care services by men and women and its impact on the control of their type 2 diabetes. METHODS: This study observed 100 patients with type 2 diabetes aged 45 years or older who lived in Ventura County, California, during January 1, 2015, to January 31, 2016...

Gliclazide is a second-generation sulphonylurea drug widely used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. However, there is no single report to describe the population pharmacokinetics of gliclazide in animal models. This study was aimed to evaluate the population pharmacokinetics (PK) of gliclazide in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits using nonlinear mixed effects modeling. A total of 90 New Zealand white rabbits were administered with 3 doses (4.13, 8.27 and 16.53 mg/kg b.wt) of gliclazide by an oral route...

BACKGROUND Salidroside, the major active compound in Rhodiola, has been reported to provide beneficial effects on cardiovascular diseases, but its effects on diabetes-induced vascular endothelial dysfunction are less known. Here, we examined the protective effects of salidroside on endothelial function in diabetes and explored the potential underlying mechanism. MATERIAL AND METHODS First, we assessed the endothelium-dependent relaxation response to acetylcholine, with or without salidroside treatment, in aortas isolated from Sprague-Dawley rats...

The role of metformin (MET) on treatment effect of diabetic tuberculosis (TB) patients has not been studied in China. Thus, we conducted a retrospective study to investigate whether MET exhibited more efficacy in combination with anti-TB regimens for diabetic TB patients. All patients recruited came from five tuberculosis control and prevention institutes from July 2009 to July 2016 and completed 3 years of follow-up. We used chi-square test or Fisher's exact test to evaluate the demographic characteristics and the frequency of clinical outcome between MET and non-MET group...

AIMS: To study the incidence of and the factors associated with renal dialysis and transplantation in type 1 (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). METHODS: Data on individuals who had received dialysis treatment or renal transplant between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2013 were extracted from the regional administrative database (Piedmont, Italy), and the crude (cumulative) incidence of dialysis was calculated. Overall cumulative survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test...

BACKGROUND: Only a small percentage of candidates for bariatric surgery ever undergo a procedure for weight loss. Devices duplicating key effects of bariatric surgeries with removable, fully trans-oral implants could extend their benefits to patients unwilling to undergo anatomy-altering abdominal surgeries. METHODS: Thirty-two obese subjects (mean BMI: 42.3) were enrolled in a prospective, multicenter, single-arm, feasibility trial of the first fully trans-oral endoscopic gastrointestinal bypass device...

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) of the lower extremities is a common manifestation of atherosclerosis that is increasing in global prevalence and in the associated public health costs. Ageing of the general population, combined with the pandemics of diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, and tobacco use, is a major underlying factor. A broad range of care providers are involved in the management of patients with PAD, and all health-care professionals require familiarity with the risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment options for this common disease...

OBJECTIVES: To explore general practitioners' (GPs) routines and considerations on (de)prescribing antihypertensive medication (AHM) in older patients, their judgement on usability of the current guideline and needs for future support. DESIGN: Semistructured interviews. SETTING: Dutch general practice. PARTICIPANTS: Fifteen GPs were purposively sampled based on level of experience and practice characteristics until saturation was reached...

OBJECTIVE: The mechanisms underlying obesity and anti-obesity processes have garnered remarkable attention as potential therapeutic targets for obesity-associated metabolic syndromes. Our prior work has shown the healing efficacy of iron reduction therapies for hepatic steatosis in a rodent model of diabetes and obesity. In this study, we investigated how iron depletion by deferoxamine (DFO) affected adipocyte dysfunction in the epididymal adipose tissues of ob/ob mice. METHODS: Male ob/ob mice were assigned to either a vehicle-treated or DFO-treated group...

GOAL: To investigate the effects of blocking Rho kinase pathway on the expression of inflammatory signaling pathways in the retina of diabetic mice and in human retinal Müller glial cells stimulated with high-glucose to replicate hyperglycemia. PROCEDURES: Retinas from diabetic mice and human retinal Müller glial cells (MIO-M1) were studied. Western blot analysis, immunofluorescence, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were utilized to study the effect of the Rho kinase inhibitor fasudil on the expression of Rho-associated protein kinase-1 (ROCK-1), extracellular signal-regulated kinases1&2(ERK ½), phosphorylated nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (p-NF-κB), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2)...

Cardiovascular disease, despite all the recent advances in treatment of the various risk factors, remains the major cause of mortality in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Experimental models of diabetes-associated atherosclerosis, despite their limitations in recapitulating the human context, have assisted in the elucidation of molecular and cellular pathways implicated in the development and progression of macrovascular injury in diabetes. Our own studies have emphasized the role of oxidative stress and advanced glycation and identified potential targets for vasoprotective therapies in the setting of diabetes...

BACKGROUND: Qualitative studies in type 1 diabetes indicate that visibility of diabetes supplies, self-care, and hypoglycemia symptoms are associated with stigma and suboptimal management. This may be particularly salient in youth who face concurrent challenges such as establishing autonomy and making vocational choices. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to estimate stigma prevalence in youth (aged 14-24 years) with type 1 diabetes and its associations with glycemic control...

Microcirculation has great importance in eye and testicular tissue and is necessary to have adequate and appropriate amount of angiogenesis. It is known that high levels of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) trigger uncontrolled angiogenesis, whereas inadequate VEGF can lead to decreased tissue perfusion and oxygenation. The aim of this study was to investigate effects of VEGF in testicular and ocular tissues in both non-diabetic and diabetic rats treated by statin. Atorvastatin (10 mg/kg daily given by orally gavage) was administered for two weeks...

BACKGROUND: Prior studies have shown that octogenarians have a higher risk of mortality compared to non-octogenarians undergoing open (OAR) and endovascular (EVAR) abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair. Fenestrated-endovascular repair (F-EVAR) was approved by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2012 and has been populated as a less invasive approach to treat patients with suboptimal neck anatomy with favorable outcomes compared to traditional OAR. The aim of the study is to compare 30-day outcomes of F-EVAR vs...

Fused Deposition Modelling (a.k.a. FDM-3D printing) has been previously employed in the development of personalized medicines with unique properties and release behavior. In the present work, a bilayer dosage form containing two anti-diabetic drugs with different daily dosage regimens; i.e. metformin and glimepiride, was manufactured via FDM 3D printing, studied using a variety of techniques and characterized in vitro. Metformin and glimepiride were embedded in Eudragit® RL sustained release layer and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) layer respectively...

Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) a pleiotropic cytokine induces pro-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic changes in conditions such as diabetic retinopathy (DR) and neovascular age related macular degeneration (NV-AMD). Hence, inhibition of TNFα mediated changes can benefit the management of DR and NV-AMD. Triphala, an ayurvedic herbal preparation is known to have immunomodulatry functions. In this study we evaluated the alcoholic extract of triphala (AlE) and its compounds Chebulagic acid (CA), Chebulinic acid (CI) and Gallic acid (GA) for their anti-TNFα activity...