Bicky Thapa, Shumei Kato, Daisuke Nishizaki, Hirotaka Miyashita, Suzanna Lee, Mary K Nesline, Rebecca A Previs, Jeffery M Conroy, Paul DePietro, Sarabjot Pabla, Razelle Kurzrock
Immune checkpoint inhibitors have changed the treatment landscape for various malignancies; however, their benefit is limited to a subset of patients. The immune machinery includes both mediators of suppression/immune evasion, such as PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4, and LAG-3, all of which can be inhibited by specific antibodies, and immune-stimulatory molecules, such as T-cell co-stimulatory receptors that belong to the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TNFRSF), including OX40 receptor (CD134; TNFRSF4), 4-1BB (CD137; TNFRSF9), and glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related (GITR) protein (CD357; TNFRSF18)...
March 25, 2024: Cancer Metastasis Reviews