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JOURNAL ARTICLE
James D Mancuso, Anwar E Ahmed
Estimates of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) coverage in the U.S. military, defined as the proportion of the persons taking HIV PrEP out of the estimated number of persons who had indications for it, have never been published. The objective of this study was to provide an estimate of HIV PrEP coverage comparable to U.S. civilian estimates. The population with indications for HIV PrEP was obtained from the Department of Defense 2018 Health Related Behaviors Survey, a stratified random sample of members of all military service branches...
March 20, 2024: MSMR
#2
REVIEW
Douglas J Lanska
This article examines disagreements among three giants of twentieth-century American neurology: Raymond Adams, Joseph Foley, and Abraham Baker. The disagreements Adams and Foley had with Baker concerned two issues: (1) the neurologic and neuropathological manifestations of liver failure with hepatic encephalopathy as expounded from the late 1940s to the early 1960s, and (2) the founding of the American Academy of Neurology in 1948 as an inclusive medical society under the principal leadership of Baker. The conflicts are examined from transcribed meeting debates (1949-1963), salient original publications (1949-1963), public addresses of protagonists touching on these issues (1971, 1984), and oral histories and less formal interviews of the protagonists and their associates (1979-2014)...
April 15, 2024: Journal of the History of the Neurosciences
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Michael J Carvan, Thomas Hansen, Renee Hesselbach, Amy Zientek, Craig Berg, David H Petering
The goal of the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee WInSTEP SEPA program is to provide valuable and relevant research experiences to students and instructors in diverse secondary educational settings. Introducing an online experience allows the expansion of a proven instructional research program to a national scale and removes many common barriers. These can include lack of access to zebrafish embryos, laboratory equipment, and modern classroom facilities, which often deny disadvantaged and underrepresented students from urban and rural school districts valuable inquiry-based learning opportunities...
April 2024: Zebrafish
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Derk C F Klatte, Jason S Starr, Kristin E Clift, Heather D Hardway, Jeanin E van Hooft, Monique E van Leerdam, Thomas P Potjer, R John Presutti, Douglas L Riegert-Johnson, Michael B Wallace, Yan Bi
PURPOSE: Guidelines recommend germline genetic testing (GT) for patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). This study aims to evaluate the utilization and outcomes of multigene panel GT in patients with PDAC. METHODS: This retrospective, multisite study included patients with PDAC diagnosed between May 2018 and August 2020 at Mayo Clinic Arizona, Florida, and Minnesota. Discussion, uptake, and outcomes of GT were compared before (May 1, 2018-May 1, 2019) and after (August 1, 2019-August 1, 2020) the guideline update, accounting for a transition period...
April 15, 2024: JCO oncology practice
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Margarita L Zuley, Jonathan Silverstein, Durwin Logue, Richard S Morgan, Rohit Bhargava, Priscilla F McAuliffe, Adam M Brufsky, Andriy I Bandos, Robert M Nishikawa
PURPOSE: In the United States, a comprehensive national breast cancer registry (CR) does not exist. Thus, care and coverage decisions are based on data from population subsets, other countries, or models. We report a prototype real-world research data mart to assess mortality, morbidity, and costs for breast cancer diagnosis and treatment. METHODS: With institutional review board approval and Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA) compliance, a multidisciplinary clinical and research data warehouse (RDW) expert group curated demographic, risk, imaging, pathology, treatment, and outcome data from the electronic health records (EHR), radiology (RIS), and CR for patients having breast imaging and/or a diagnosis of breast cancer in our institution from January 1, 2004, to December 31, 2020...
April 2024: JCO Clinical Cancer Informatics
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Grace Qiu, Joshua M Riley, Sean Dikdan, Drew Johnson, Imran Masood, Alexander G Hajduczok, David Shipon
Background: While studies have identified the negative cardiovascular effects of obesity, the effects of obesity on youth athletes are less studied. This study investigates the associations between obesity in youth athletes and exercise activity and exertional cardiac symptoms. Methods: The HeartBytes National Youth Database produced by Simon's Heart, a nonprofit that organizes adolescents' sports pre-participation examinations (PPEs), was used. This database contains demographic data, exercise-related symptoms, and electrocardiogram data obtained during PPEs...
April 15, 2024: Childhood Obesity
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
(no author information available yet)
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
April 23, 2024: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mason Fidino, Heather A Sander, Jesse S Lewis, Elizabeth W Lehrer, Kimberly Rivera, Maureen H Murray, Henry C Adams, Anna Kase, Andrea Flores, Theodore Stankowich, Christopher J Schell, Carmen M Salsbury, Adam T Rohnke, Mark J Jordan, Austin M Green, Ashley R Gramza, Amanda J Zellmer, Jacque Williamson, Thilina D Surasinghe, Hunter Storm, Kimberly L Sparks, Travis J Ryan, Katie R Remine, Mary E Pendergast, Kayleigh Mullen, Darren E Minier, Christopher R Middaugh, Amy L Mertl, Maureen R McClung, Robert A Long, Rachel N Larson, Michel T Kohl, Lavendar R Harris, Courtney T Hall, Jeffrey D Haight, David Drake, Alyssa M Davidge, Ann O Cheek, Christopher P Bloch, Elizabeth G Biro, Whitney J B Anthonysamy, Julia L Angstmann, Maximilian L Allen, Solny A Adalsteinsson, Anne G Short Gianotti, Jalene M LaMontagne, Tiziana A Gelmi-Candusso, Seth B Magle
While there is increasing recognition that social processes in cities like gentrification have ecological consequences, we lack nuanced understanding of the ways gentrification affects urban biodiversity. We analyzed a large camera trap dataset of mammals (>500 g) to evaluate how gentrification impacts species richness and community composition across 23 US cities. After controlling for the negative effect of impervious cover, gentrified parts of cities had the highest mammal species richness. Change in community composition was associated with gentrification in a few cities, which were mostly located along the West Coast...
April 23, 2024: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yuta Okabe, Nobuyuki Murakoshi, Nagomi Kurebayashi, Hana Inoue, Yoko Ito, Takashi Murayama, Chika Miyoshi, Hiromasa Funato, Koichiro Ishii, Dongzhu Xu, Kazuko Tajiri, Rujie Qin, Kazuhiro Aonuma, Yoshiko Murakata, Zonghu Song, Shigeharu Wakana, Utako Yokoyama, Takashi Sakurai, Kazutaka Aonuma, Masaki Ieda, Masashi Yanagisawa
Inherited arrhythmia syndromes (IASs) can cause life-threatening arrhythmias and are responsible for a significant proportion of sudden cardiac deaths (SCDs). Despite progress in the development of devices to prevent SCDs, the precise molecular mechanisms that induce detrimental arrhythmias remain to be fully investigated, and more effective therapies are desirable. In the present study, we screened a large-scale randomly mutagenized mouse library by electrocardiography to establish a disease model of IASs and consequently found one pedigree that exhibited spontaneous ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) followed by SCD within 1 y after birth...
April 23, 2024: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jennifer Viegas
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
April 23, 2024: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Daniel Murdiyarso, Erin Swails, Kristell Hergoualc'h, Rupesh Bhomia, Sigit D Sasmito
For countries' emission-reduction efforts under the Paris Agreement to be effective, baseline emission/removals levels and reporting must be as transparent and accurate as possible. For Indonesia, which holds among the largest area of tropical peatlands and mangrove forest in the world, it is particularly important for these high-carbon ecosystems to produce high-accuracy greenhouse gas inventory and to improve national forest reference emissions level/forest reference level. Here, we highlight the opportunity for refining greenhouse gas emission factors (EF) of peatlands and mangroves and describe scientific challenges to support climate policy processes in Indonesia, where 55 to 59% of national emission reduction targets by 2030 depend on mitigation in Forestry and Other Land Use...
April 23, 2024: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Arne Wenzel, Catrin Westphal, Johannes Ballauff, Dirk Berkelmann, Fabian Brambach, Damayanti Buchori, Nicolò Camarretta, Marife D Corre, Rolf Daniel, Kevin Darras, Stefan Erasmi, Greta Formaglio, Dirk Hölscher, Najeeb Al-Amin Iddris, Bambang Irawan, Alexander Knohl, Martyna M Kotowska, Valentyna Krashevska, Holger Kreft, Yeni Mulyani, Oliver Mußhoff, Gustavo B Paterno, Andrea Polle, Anton Potapov, Alexander Röll, Stefan Scheu, Michael Schlund, Dominik Schneider, Kibrom T Sibhatu, Christian Stiegler, Leti Sundawati, Aiyen Tjoa, Teja Tscharntke, Edzo Veldkamp, Pierre-André Waite, Meike Wollni, Delphine Clara Zemp, Ingo Grass
The expansion of the oil palm industry in Indonesia has improved livelihoods in rural communities, but comes at the cost of biodiversity and ecosystem degradation. Here, we investigated ways to balance ecological and economic outcomes of oil palm cultivation. We compared a wide range of production systems, including smallholder plantations, industrialized company estates, estates with improved agronomic management, and estates with native tree enrichment. Across all management types, we assessed multiple indicators of biodiversity, ecosystem functions, management, and landscape structure to identify factors that facilitate economic-ecological win-wins, using palm yields as measure of economic performance...
April 23, 2024: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hozaifa Metwally, Maha M Elbrashy, Tatsuhiko Ozawa, Kazuki Okuyama, Jason T White, Janyerkye Tulyeu, Jonas Nørskov Søndergaard, James Badger Wing, Arisa Muratsu, Hisatake Matsumoto, Masahito Ikawa, Hiroyuki Kishi, Ichiro Taniuchi, Tadamitsu Kishimoto
Since its discovery over three decades ago, signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) has been extensively studied as a central mediator for interferons (IFNs) signaling and antiviral defense. Here, using genetic and biochemical assays, we unveil Thr748 as a conserved IFN-independent phosphorylation switch in Stat1, which restricts IFN signaling and promotes innate inflammatory responses following the recognition of the bacterial-derived toxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Genetically engineered mice expressing phospho-deficient threonine748-to-alanine (T748A) mutant Stat1 are resistant to LPS-induced lethality...
April 23, 2024: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ajay Kumar, Chenxian Ye, Afia Nkansah, Thomas Decoville, Garrett M Fogo, Peter Sajjakulnukit, Mack B Reynolds, Li Zhang, Osbourne Quaye, Young-Ah Seo, Thomas H Sanderson, Costas A Lyssiotis, Cheong-Hee Chang
In response to an immune challenge, naive T cells undergo a transition from a quiescent to an activated state acquiring the effector function. Concurrently, these T cells reprogram cellular metabolism, which is regulated by iron. We and others have shown that iron homeostasis controls proliferation and mitochondrial function, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Given that iron derived from heme makes up a large portion of the cellular iron pool, we investigated iron homeostasis in T cells using mice with a T cell-specific deletion of the heme exporter, FLVCR1 [referred to as knockout (KO)]...
April 23, 2024: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anja Schmutz, Christian Schöb
Growing crops in more diverse crop systems (i.e., intercropping) is one way to produce food more sustainably. Even though intercropping, compared to average monocultures, is generally more productive, the full yield potential of intercropping might not yet have been achieved as modern crop cultivars are bred to be grown in monoculture. Breeding plants for more familiarity in mixtures, i.e., plants that are adapted to more diverse communities (i.e., adaptation) or even to coexist with each other (i.e., coadaptation) might have the potential to sustainably enhance productivity...
April 23, 2024: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Inaya Rakhmani, Arief Anshory Yusuf, Hasnawati Saleh, Zulfa Sakhiyya, Kanti Pertiwi, Sudirman Nasir, Herlambang P Wiratraman, Berry Juliandi, Yanuar Nugroho, Jamaluddin Jompa
In the past three decades, there has been a rise in young academy movements in the Global North and South. Such movements, in at least Germany and the Netherlands, have been shown to be quite effective in connecting scientific work with society. Likewise, these movements share a common goal of developing interdisciplinary collaboration among young scientists, which contributes to the growth of a nation's-but also global-scientific endeavors. This paper focuses on the young academy movement in the fourth-largest country hosting the biggest Muslim population in the world, which is also the third-most populous democracy: Indonesia...
April 23, 2024: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Pradeep Kumar Singh, Elisa Nicoloso Simões-Pires, Zu-Lin Chen, Daniel Torrente, Marissa Calvano, Anurag Sharma, Sidney Strickland, Erin H Norris
Proteinaceous brain inclusions, neuroinflammation, and vascular dysfunction are common pathologies in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Vascular deficits include a compromised blood-brain barrier, which can lead to extravasation of blood proteins like fibrinogen into the brain. Fibrinogen's interaction with the amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide is known to worsen thrombotic and cerebrovascular pathways in AD. Lecanemab, an FDA-approved antibody therapy for AD, clears Aβ plaque from the brain and slows cognitive decline...
April 23, 2024: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Iona R McLean, Ian M Erkelens, Emily A Cooper
Vision can provide useful cues about the geometric properties of an object, like its size, distance, pose, and shape. But how the brain merges these properties into a complete sensory representation of a three-dimensional object is poorly understood. To address this gap, we investigated a visual illusion in which humans misperceive the shape of an object due to a small change in one eye's retinal image. We first show that this illusion affects percepts of a highly familiar object under completely natural viewing conditions...
April 23, 2024: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Aradhana Sachdev, Kamaljot Gill, Maria Sckaff, Alisha M Birk, Olubankole Aladesuyi Arogundade, Katherine A Brown, Runvir S Chouhan, Patrick Oliver Issagholian-Lewin, Esha Patel, Hannah L Watry, Mylinh T Bernardi, Kathleen C Keough, Yu-Chih Tsai, Alec Simon Tulloch Smith, Bruce R Conklin, Claire Dudley Clelland
Efforts to genetically reverse C9orf72 pathology have been hampered by our incomplete understanding of the regulation of this complex locus. We generated five different genomic excisions at the C9orf72 locus in a patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line and a non-diseased wild-type (WT) line (11 total isogenic lines), and examined gene expression and pathological hallmarks of C9 frontotemporal dementia/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in motor neurons differentiated from these lines. Comparing the excisions in these isogenic series removed the confounding effects of different genomic backgrounds and allowed us to probe the effects of specific genomic changes...
April 23, 2024: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Witold Postek, Klaudia Staśkiewicz, Elin Lilja, Bartłomiej Wacław
Biofilms inhabit a range of environments, such as dental plaques or soil micropores, often characterized by noneven surfaces. However, the impact of surface irregularities on the population dynamics of biofilms remains elusive, as most experiments are conducted on flat surfaces. Here, we show that the shape of the surface on which a biofilm grows influences genetic drift and selection within the biofilm. We culture E scherichia coli biofilms in microwells with a corrugated bottom surface and observe the emergence of clonal sectors whose size corresponds to that of the corrugations, despite no physical barrier separating different areas of the biofilm...
April 23, 2024: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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