Stem cells, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, apheresis

Autologous Stem Cell Transplant (ASCT) is increasingly used to treat hematological malignancies. A key requisite for ASCT is mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells into peripheral blood, where they are collected by apheresis and stored for later transplantation. However, success is often hindered by poor mobilization due to factors including prior treatments. The combination of G-CSF and GPC-100, a small molecule antagonist of CXCR4, showed potential in a multiple myeloma clinical trial for sufficient and rapid collection of CD34+ stem cells, compared to the historical results from the standards of care, G-CSF alone or G-CSF with plerixafor, also a CXCR4 antagonist...

The success of the autologous stem cell transplantation is strictly related to an adequate hematopoietic stem cell mobilization and collection. The minimum threshold for a successful mobilization is currently defined as 2 × 106 /kg CD34+ cells. However, the optimal stem cell mobilization strategy is still controversial. The availability of plerixafor, a selective and reversible CXCR4 inhibitor, has been associated with an higher use of chemo-free protocols by many centres. In the near future, it is conceivable that artificial intelligence may became more accurate and comprehensive, possibly guiding clinicians in choosing the optimal mobilisation treatment for the various patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation...

BACKGROUND: The incorporation of anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) in induction regimens of newly diagnosed transplant-eligible multiple myeloma (MM) patients has been established as a new standard. However, the optimal strategy of stem cell mobilization in this context is not yet clear. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: From May 2020 till September 2022, we retrospectively reviewed patients receiving anti-CD38 mAb-based induction therapy followed by stem cell mobilization either in a steady-state protocol (SSM) using 10 μg/kg granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) for 5 days or in a chemotherapy-based protocol (CM) using 1-4 g/m2 cyclophosphamide and G-CSF...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of etoposide combined with cyclophosphamide (EC) regimen for mobilization of autologous peripheral blood stem cells (APBSCs) in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). METHODS: The clinical data of 48 MM patients who received APBSC transplantation (APBSCT) in Department of Hematology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from January 2015 to October 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The mobilization success rate and mobilization optimal rate of EC regimen were counted, and its effect on transplant efficacy, adverse reactions, hematopoietic reconstitution after transplantation, and survival time of MM patients were analyzed...

BACKGROUND: Unrelated donor peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) products often require transport to distant locations, which may take up to 72 hours. Temperature is an important variable that can be controlled during PBSC storage or transport. We therefore studied the impact of temperature on prolonged storage of clinical-grade, mobilized PBSC products. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: PBSC products were collected by apheresis from 3 granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) mobilized donors, split into two PVC blood bags of equal volume, and stored at room temperature (RT) (18-25ºC) or 4°C (2-8ºC) for 96 hours...

A single injection of 12 mg pegfilgrastim was used to mobilize peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPCs) from healthy donors in some studies. The purpose of this study was to determine if 6 mg of pegfilgrastim was effective and safe for mobilizing CD34+ cells in donors for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. We conducted a retrospective case-matched design. A single dosage of 6 mg pegfilgrastim was used to mobilize PBPCs from 60 healthy donors. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF, 10 μg/kg) was administered daily to the matched donors...

Hematopoetic Stem Cell Transplantation is a life saving procedure which requires mobilization of stem cells for apheresis procedure. In this review we aimed to examine mobilizing agents that are in use and under investigation. Apheresis practitioners who oversee stem cell collections should be familiar with the recent advances in mobilization agents to utilize most up-to-date information for better patient outcomes.

Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) remains a standard therapy for multiple myeloma (MM) patients. Our study aimed to assess the impact of daratumumab-containing induction on stem cell (SC) mobilization, apheresis and hospitalization. We evaluated 200 newly diagnosed MM patients that were mobilized for SC collection and which received induction with ( N  = 40) or without daratumumab ( N  = 160). Dara group patients required more frequent use of plerixafor, larger collection volumes, and had lower SC yield...

OBJECTIVES: Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the only curative treatment for SCD and bone marrow from an HLA-matched sibling is currently the standard of care. Haploidentical HSCT from a family donor with a TCR αβ/CD19 depleted graft (T-haplo) is an increasingly successful alternative, which requires the generation of G-CSF stimulated peripheral stem cell (PBSC) from haploidentical relatives. These sickle cell trait (SCT) donors reported to develop SCD-related complications in conditions of severe stress...

Evinacumab, a human monoclonal antibody against angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3), has recently been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as an add-on therapy for homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH) in patients of 12 years and older. Its role as a triglyceride-lowering drug is also emerging in the literature. However, it has not been approved for this indication yet, neither in the adult nor in the pediatric population. We describe the case of a 10-year-old boy who underwent an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant for acute lymphoblastic leukemia complicated by chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and presented life-threatening refractory hypertriglyceridemia due to the concomitant use of ruxolitinib and sirolimus...

BACKGROUND: Many factors were identified for mobilization failure (MF) in autologous hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation. To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the efficacy of baseline inflammation indexes and neutrophil-to-lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) ratio to predict MF in multiple myeloma (MM) and lymphoma. METHODS: A total of 240 patients with lymphoma or MM hospitalized between January 2014 and June 2022 for the first stem cell mobilization were included in this retrospective single-center study...

PURPOSE: A critical component of optimizing peripheral blood (PB) hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) collections is accurately determining the processed blood volume required to collect the targeted number of HSCs. Fundamental to most truncation equations employed to determine this volume is the procedure's estimated collection efficiency (CE), which is typically applied uniformly across all HSC collections. Few studies have explored the utility of using different CEs in subpopulations of donors that have substantially different CEs than the institutional average...

INTRODUCTION: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is used to treat hematopoietic malignancies and bone marrow failure syndromes. Due to the difficulties of using these cells isolated from the bone marrow, an additional source for receiving essential hematopoietic cells is umbilical cord blood. But the main problem with using the umbilical cord is its insufficient blood volume. The ex-vivo reproductive system of hematopoietic stem cells can overcome this problem that has the ability for Transplantation and hematopoiesis in the long term...

INTRODUCTION: Younger donor age in hematopoietic cell transplantation has been associated with improved overall and disease-free survival. Safety data on peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) and bone marrow (BM) donation is well established, including in the <18-year old age group in the related setting. In response, Anthony Nolan became the first stem cell donor registry to lower the minimum age for unrelated donors to 16-years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study reviewed unrelated donors donating PBSC or BM for the first time between April 2015 and October 2017 since adoption of the lowered recruitment age...

BACKGROUND: Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation with or without CD34+ selection is being used successfully to treat patients with severe and refractory autoimmune disease. This study describes our experience of CD34+ stem cell mobilization, harvesting and selection in autoimmune patients based on conditions in Vietnam - the developing country. METHODS: Eight autoimmune patients (four patients with Myasthenia Gravis and four patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus) underwent PBSC mobilization with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and cyclophosphamide...

PURPOSE: Hematogones have similar antigenic and light scatter properties when compared to CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) but they form a separate cluster with dimmer CD45 expression. These should be excluded while enumerating HSC, as their inclusion can overestimate and hence affect the final dose of HSC. However, their exact impact on the outcome of HSC transplant (HSCT) is not entirely known and hence this study was undertaken to address these issues, if any. METHODS: This was a retrospective study in which patients undergoing HSCT were included, and flow cytometric enumeration was done on the apheresis product using single platform ISHAGE protocol...

INTRODUCTION: Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is the long-term consolidation treatment for various hematological malignancies. The collection of hematopoietic stem cell yield is critical to successful ASCTs, but not always achieved due to hematopoietic stem cell mobilization failure (HSCMF). Details regarding the cell collection and outcomes of those who fail mobilization are still lacking. Therefore, this study aimed to yield data on clinical outcomes and cellular products after HSCMF...

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in SARS-CoV-2 positive candidates is usually delayed until the clinical resolution of the infection's symptoms and a negative nasopharyngeal molecular test. However, prolonged SARS-CoV-2 positivity has been frequently observed in haematological malignancies, thus representing a challenge for the timing of transplant procedures. Here, we report on the case of a 34-year-old patient with recent pauci-symptomatic COVID-19 undergoing transplant for high-risk acute B-lymphoblastic leukemia before achieving viral clearance...

Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) has been a standard of care treatment for eligible patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM). Guidelines generally recommend hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) harvest for two potential HCT. There is a paucity of data reporting use of such collections in the era of novel approved therapies. In this single-center retrospective study, our goal was to determine the HPC utilization rate and costs associated with leukocytapheresis, collection, storage, and disposal to guide future HPC collection planning...

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic triggered the deployment of unfamiliar measures to safeguard successful allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). Among these measures, cryopreservation offered logistical benefits that could outlast the pandemic, including graft availability and timely clinical service. The purpose of this study was to evaluate graft quality and hematopoietic reconstitution in patients transplanted with cryopreserved allogeneic stem cell products during the COVID-19 pandemic...