Injur prevention

High levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are known to play a critical role in the secondary cascade of spinal cord injury (SCI). The scavenging of ROS has emerged as a promising approach for alleviating acute SCI. Moreover, identifying the precise location of the SCI site remains challenging. Enhancing the visualization of the spinal cord and improving the ability to distinguish the lesion site are crucial for accurate and safe treatment. Therefore, there is an urgent clinical need to develop a biomaterial that integrates diagnosis and treatment for SCI...

Cluster-like collective cell migration of fibroblasts is one of the main factors of adhesion in injured tissues. In this research, a microdot biomaterial system was constructed using α-helical polypeptide nanoparticles and anti-inflammatory micelles, which were prepared by ring-opening polymerization of α-amino acids-N-carboxylic anhydrides (NCAs) and lactide, respectively. The microdot biomaterial system slowly released functionalized polypeptides targeting mitochondria and promoting the influx of extracellular calcium ions under the inflammatory environment, thus inhibiting the expression of N-cadherin mediating cell-cell interaction, and promoting apoptosis of cluster fibroblasts, synergistically inhibiting the migration of fibroblast clusters at the site of tendon injury...

BACKGROUND: The use of electric scooters (e-scooters) continues to increase as a simple, inexpensive means of transport, resulting in a sharp increase in the incidence of scooter-related accidents. No study to date has closely examined the injury extent to the lower leg, joints, and extremities from e-scooter-related accidents. Here, we investigated the epidemiology and injury patterns of such accidents, focusing on injuries to the ankle and foot. METHODS: Based on data from a single tertiary hospital's database, the demographics of 563 patients with scooter-associated injuries were analyzed retrospectively...

INTRODUCTION: The spleen is one of the frequently injured solid organs in abdominal blunt trauma. The standard of care is nonoperative nowadays depending on the hemodynamic stability (World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) grade I-III) of the patient due to advancements in treating modalities. Operative interventions are required in hemodynamically unstable patients or failure of nonoperative management. The study was planned to find the clinical spectrum of abdominal blunt trauma, specifically those having splenic trauma, and their subsequent management in an institution...

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to describe injury patterns and healthcare utilisation of marathon runners. METHODS: This was a previously reported 16-week prospective observational study of runners training for the New York City Marathon. Runners completed a baseline survey including demographics, running experience and marathon goal. Injury surveys were collected every 4 weeks during training, as well as 1 week before and 1 week after the race...

INTRODUCTION: Traumatic fingertip amputation is the most common type of upper extremity injuries. The V-Y advancement flap is a reliable method for reconstructing fingertip defects, but it is associated with complications such as hook-nail deformity and suture site ischemia. Here, we describe our modifications to V-Y advancement flap technique, termed as "V advancement eversion flap" and review the outcomes of this procedure in 21 patients with fingertip amputation. METHODS: This was a retrospective review of 21 consecutive patients with fingertip injury who were treated surgically using the V advancement eversion flap technique at a single trauma center between 2006 and 2019...

BACKGROUND: Internally displaced people (IDPs), uprooted by conflict, violence, or disaster, struggle with the trauma of violence, loss, and displacement, making them significantly more vulnerable to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the prevalence and associated factors of PTSD among IDPs in Africa. METHODS: A comprehensive search of electronic databases was conducted to identify relevant studies published between 2008 and 2023...

Refractory acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) occurs when the immune injury exceeds the capacity of injured tissues to regenerate and repair. While glucocorticoids have been used for decades to treat GVHD, Arnhold, Chang, and colleagues in this issue of the JCI question whether this approach can in fact be counterproductive. Using in vivo experimental models of GVHD and in vitro intestinal organoids, the study authors show that glucocorticoid exposure directly impeded small intestinal epithelial proliferation and survival, thus preventing the resolution of injury...

BACKGROUND: Violence disproportionately affects individuals of low socioeconomic status, and rates of injury amongst youth and young adults (YYAs) are rising. Little is known about how the social needs of this high-risk subgroup compared to the overall violently injured population. METHODS: This is a retrospective review of an intake assessment of violently injured victims admitted to a level I trauma center (Jan 2022-Aug 2023). Data collected include race, age, mechanism of injury, and protective and predisposing factors for violent injury...

BACKGROUND: Firefighting is recognised as a physically demanding occupation involving exposure to hazardous environments and activities. An aging workforce combined with the age-related decline in physical fitness may result in increased future workers' compensation expenditure for fire service organisations. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this research was to investigate the costs associated with musculoskeletal sprain and strain injury and the impacts of age and injury location on Workers' Compensation claims submitted by professional urban firefighters...

BACKGROUND: Duodenal duplication cysts (DDC) are rare duplications of the alimentary tract. Their treatment depends on their size and location. A radical treatment is total resection, if possible. However, partial excision, puncture, and marsupialization can be selected to prevent surgical injury to the pancreaticobiliary tract despite the risk of recurrence. There are some reports of pancreaticoduodenectomy for DDC because of the risk of recurrent symptoms and malignancy. However, this is considered excessively invasive for DDC, particularly in pediatric cases, because of its extremely low rate of malignancy and high morbidity and mortality rates...

OBJECTIVE: Most car occupant fatalities occur in frontal crashes and the thorax is the most frequently injured body region. The objectives of the study were, firstly, to quantify the relation between risk factors (such as speed and occupant age) and rib and sternum fracture injury probability in frontal car crashes, and, secondly, to evaluate whether rib fracture occurrence can predict sternum fractures. METHODS: Weighted German data from 1999-2021 were used to create the injury risk curves to predict both, at least moderate and at least serious, rib and sternum fracture risks...

BACKGROUND: The Functional Movement Screen (FMS) is widely recognized by clinicians and trainers as a valuable tool for the prediction and prevention of training injuries in sports population. However, some studies suggested that FMS may not fully meet the needs of professional athletes. To address this, the Modified Functional Movement Screen (MFMS) has been specifically developed for athletes. METHODS: A total of 527 male athletes in active service without prior training injuries 18...

In our previous study, two peptides with favorable anti-inflammatory effects, Asp-Gln-Thr-Phe (DQTF) and Gly-Tyr-Thr-Arg (GYTR), were screened from Ruditapes philippinarum using an in vitro-in silico strategy. The present study aims to investigate the ameliorative effect of Ruditapes philippinarum peptides (RPPs) on acute inflammation and clarify the potential mechanism through in vitro and in vivo experiments. The anti-inflammatory effects of DQTF and GYTR were verified with a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264...

Traumatic injury to the brain and spinal cord (neurotrauma) is a common event across populations and often causes profound and irreversible disability. Pathophysiological responses to trauma exacerbate the damage of an index injury, propagating the loss of function that the central nervous system (CNS) cannot repair after the initial event is resolved. The way in which function is lost after injury is the consequence of a complex array of mechanisms that continue in the chronic phase post-injury to prevent effective neural repair...

BACKGROUND: Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA) is a major component of the oleo-gum resin of B. serrata with multiple pharmacological activities. The objective of this study was to explore the underlying mechanisms of neuroprotective potential of AKBA against scopolamine-mediated cholinergic dysfunction and memory deficits in rats. METHODS: The rats received AKBA (2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg, oral) for 21 days. In the third week, scopolamine was administered 30 min before the Morris water maze and passive avoidance tests...

BACKGROUND: In South Korea, the leading cause of youth death has been suicide for about 20 years. In this study, we conducted a multi-method psychological autopsy to identify the psychiatric diagnosis, developmental history, personality traits, family history, school life, warning signs of suicide, and risk factors related to suicide for the first time in Korea. METHODS: This was a postmortem, retrospective, and descriptive study of 36 adolescents who died by suicide between August 2015 and July 2021 in South Korea...

Cellular senescence assumes pivotal roles in various diseases through the secretion of proinflammatory factors. Despite extensive investigations into vascular senescence associated with aging and degenerative diseases, the molecular mechanisms governing microvascular endothelial cell senescence induced by traumatic stress, particularly its involvement in senescence-induced inflammation, remain insufficiently elucidated. In this study, we present a comprehensive demonstration and characterization of microvascular endothelial cell senescence induced by spinal cord injury (SCI)...

Falls constitute a leading cause of unintentional injury deaths among older adults. This study aimed to examine the comprehensive characteristics of fatal falls among older individuals in Yunnan Province, China, to highlight the challenges faced in elderly care. A total of 22,798 accidental fall-related deaths were extracted from China's National Disease Surveillance Points System aged 60 and above between 2015 and 2019. Quantitative and textual data were analyzed to assess the incidence rates of initiating factors, locations, symptoms, and overall survival (OS) outcomes after falling...

An imbalance of immune/inflammatory reactions aggravates secondary brain injury after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and can deteriorate clinical prognosis. So far, not enough therapeutic avenues have been found to prevent such an imbalance in the clinical setting. Progesterone has been shown to regulate immune/inflammatory reactions in many diseases and conveys a potential protective role in TBI. This study was designed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of progesterone associated with immune/inflammatory modulation in experimental TBI...