Hyperparathyroid

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Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is an extremely uncommon cause of cerebral calcification. A male patient, aged 45, was admitted to the neurosurgery clinic with a closed traumatic brain injury, namely a concussion, resulting in symptoms of headache and loss of balance. A CT scan was conducted, which detected bilateral calcifications on the basal ganglia and the tentorium. The blood tests revealed increased levels of serum calcium, phosphate, and parathyroid hormone (PTH), while vitamin D levels were within the normal range...

INTRODUCTION: Musculoskeletal disorders could be associated with metabolic disorders that are common after kidney transplantation, which could reduce the quality of life of patients. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of both musculoskeletal and metabolic disorders in kidney transplant patients. METHODS: MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, EMBASE and Web of Science were searched from their inception up to June 2023. DerSimonian and Laird random-effects method was used to calculate pooled prevalence estimates and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs)...

OBJECTIVE: Primary Hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a common disease, frequently diagnosed in post-menopausal women, among whom Osteoporosis (OP) is a common finding. To date, no study has specifically evaluated the asymptomatic PHPT (aPHPT) patients without OP, in particular post-menopausal women who are exposed to an increased risk of developing OP. DESIGN: This study involved a retrospective cross-sectional evaluation. PATIENTS: From our database of 500 consecutive patients diagnosed with PHPT, 178 postmenopausal aPHPT were retrieved...

BACKGROUND: Intraoperative parathyroid hormone (PTH) monitoring is a proven and reliable adjunct to parathyroid surgery, able to improve the outcomes and efficiency of the diagnostic and therapeutic pathway for patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. This study evaluated the innovative, compact, fully automated NBCL CONNECT Analyzer, which can measure whole-blood PTH in 5 min. METHODS: A prospective multicentre study was conducted in stages: results reviews, recommendations, and implementation of improvements to the mechanical design, components of cartridges, calibration, and sampling protocols...

Pin1 is a member of the peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase subfamily and is widely expressed in various cell types and tissues. Alterations in Pin1 expression levels play pivotal roles in both physiological processes and multiple pathological conditions, especially in the onset and progression of kidney diseases. Herein, we present an overview of the role of Pin1 in the regulation of fibrosis, oxidative stress, and autophagy. It plays a significant role in various kidney diseases including Renal I/R injury, chronic kidney disease with secondary hyperparathyroidism, diabetic nephropathy, renal fibrosis, and renal cell carcinoma...

BACKGROUND: Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH) is a hypercalcemic syndrome that is usually characterized by uncomplicated hypercalcemia and normal longevity. The inheritance pattern is autosomal dominant with high penetrance, and it affects both men and women equally. FHH is caused by mutations that disturb the normal functioning of the calcium-sensing receptor ( CaSR ) gene. This causes a general lack of sensitivity to calcium, eventually leading to hypercalcemia and low calcium levels in the urine...

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PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) likely contributes to the high prevalence of cognitive decline found among individuals with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Our objective is to critically evaluate the recent literature regarding the association between SHPT and cognitive decline and identify potential mechanisms. RECENT FINDINGS: Nine studies assessing the relationship between SHPT and cognition have been published in the last two decades, each showing that elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels were associated with cognitive decline...

OBJECTIVES: Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) in paediatric and adolescent age group presents with some unique challenges for clinicians. While the disease in the adult counterparts presents with symptoms which are described quite extensively in literature, children/adolescents have manifestations which are quite different and severe compared to the former. The present case series aimed to highlight the peculiarities of presentation of PHPT in children and adolescents. CASE PRESENTATION: In this case series, we present experience of 5 cases of PHPT in children and adolescents from our centre...

PURPOSE: For minimally invasive surgery of parathyroid adenomas, exact localization diagnostics are essential. Main imaging modalities used for diagnostics are sonography, SPECT with/without CT (traditional imaging) and 18 F-choline-PET. The aim of our study was to identify predictors for inconclusive SPECT imaging and subsequently determine in which cases 18 F-choline-PET is needed. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 138 patients with histologically confirmed primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT)...

RATIONALE: Primary hyperparathyroidism, though relatively prevalent among endocrine disorders, affecting 1% of the general population, often presents diagnostic challenges. Given its potential to precipitate severe complications including nephrolithiasis and fractures, timely diagnosis, and effective management are crucial. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 38-year-old woman with hypercalcemia was referred to the Department of Nuclear Medicine for a Tc-99m MIBI scan. DIAGNOSES: Tc-99m MIBI scan showed focal increased uptake in the left thyroid gland area, initially suggesting a parathyroid adenoma...

Introduction Fractal analysis has proved to be a salient tool to quantitatively assess the qualitative changes in the bone trabeculae of patients with hyperparathyroidism, osteoporosis, and various temporomandibular disorders, including osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis of temporomandibular joint (TMJ), in several previous studies. The purpose of this study was to use fractal analysis to assess alterations in the trabecular pattern of the mandibular condyle in patients with degenerative temporomandibular disorders...

The diagnosis of pathological conditions of the parathyroid glands is the answer to clinically more frequently detected hypercalcemic conditions, including MEN syndromes. In routine biopsy practice, enlarged bodies are also a differential diagnosis for the diagnosis of thyroid nodules. In the chapter of parathyroid tumors, the 5th edition of the WHO classification brings changes influenced similarly to other endocrine organs by the increase in genetic information. At the terminological level, the concept of hyperplasia has been narrowed down to secondary hyperplasia, most of the previously primary hyperplasias are referred to as multiglandular parathyroid disease due to evidence of multiglandular clonal proliferations...

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IMPORTANCE: The symptoms of primary hyperparathyroidism are often subtle, such as fatigue, mood changes, and sleep disturbances. After parathyroidectomy, patients often report improvement in sleep and mood; however, objective data supporting these improvements is lacking. OBJECTIVE: This prospective study uses standard measures to objectively and subjectively assess sleep in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism before and after parathyroidectomy. DESIGN: A longitudinal prospective study was conducted over three one-week-long periods: pre-parathyroidectomy, 1-week post-parathyroidectomy, and three months post-parathyroidectomy...

Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a common endocrine disease with a variable presentation. There is a recent increase in the number of asymptomatic cases due to the use of multichannel automated analyzers.

Tertiary hyperparathyroidism develops in patients who have secondary hyperparathyroidism that persists despite successful kidney transplantation or in patients who are on chronic dialysis.

AIM: Kidney transplant recipients are at high risk of fracture due to many factors such as nutritional status, hyperparathyroidism, acidosis and steroid administration. The current meta-analysis aimed to comprehensively analyse the incidence and risk factors of fracture in kidney transplant recipients. METHODS: A systematic search on Embase, Web of Science, PubMed and Cochrane Library until November 2023 was performed. RStudio software was used to analyse data. RESULTS: Twenty-eight eligible studies containing 310 530 kidney transplant recipients were included in the analysis...

BACKGROUND: The extent of parathyroidectomy (PTX) recommendation in patients with lithium-associated hyperparathyroidism (LAH) remains controversial. The primary objectives of this study were to analyze extent of surgery, complications, and long-term outcomes. METHODS: A population-based study, including all primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) patients who underwent PTX in Sweden between 2008 and 2017. Data on exhibited lithium prescriptions, morbidity, surgical approach, and outcomes were collected from relevant national registers and the Scandinavian Quality Register of Thyroid, Parathyroid, and Adrenal Surgery...