Amino acid supplementation

Whey, a component of milk and a useful by-product of the dairy industry's casein and cheese-making, has been used for generations to augment animal feed. It contains a range of proteins, including α -lactalbumin, β -lactoglobulin, bovine serum albumin, heavy and light chain immunoglobulins, lactoferrin, glycomacropeptide, and lactoperoxidase. Whey proteins exhibit great potential as biopolymers for creating bioactive delivery systems owing to their distinct health-enhancing characteristics and the presence of numerous amino acid groups within their structures...

The aim of this research was to explore the effects of ellagic acid (EA) on growth performance, meat quality, and metabolomics profile of broiler chickens. 240 healthy yellow-feathered broilers were randomly divided into 4 groups (6 replicates/group and 10 broilers /replicate): 1) a standard diet (CON); 2) CON+0.01% EA; 3) CON+0.02% EA; 4) CON+0.04% EA. Compared with the CON group, dietary 0.02% EA increased linearly and quadratically the ADG and lowered F/G ratio from 29 to 56 d and from 1 to 56 d of age (P < 0...

Selenium (Se) is a vital trace element, essential for growth and other biological functions in fish. Its significance lies in its role as a fundamental component of selenoproteins, which are crucial for optimal functioning of the organism. The inclusion of Se in the diets of farmed animals, including fish, has proved invaluable in mitigating the challenges arising from elemental deficiencies experienced in captivity conditions due to limitations in the content of fishmeal. Supplementing diets with Se enhances physiological responses, particularly mitigates the effects of the continuous presence of environmental stress factors...

Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are the predominant host of choice for recombinant monoclonal antibody (mAb) expression. Recent advancements in gene editing technology have enabled engineering new CHO hosts with higher growth, viability, or productivity. One approach involved knock out (KO) of BCAT1 gene, which codes for the first enzyme in the branched chain amino acid (BCAA) catabolism pathway; BCAT1 KO reduced accumulation of growth inhibitory short chain fatty acid (SCFA) byproducts and improved culture growth and titer when used in conjunction with high-end pH-controlled delivery of glucose (HiPDOG) technology and SCFA supplementation during production...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the changes in gut microbes and their metabolites after administering synbiotics to patients with new-onset lupus nephritis (LN) treated using a conventional method and provide a theoretical basis for finding new targets for the diagnosis and treatment of LN. METHODS: In this study, a total of 12 participants were divided into the lupus and synbiotic groups. Stool samples and clinical data were collected before and after treatment for metagenomic, nontargeted metabolomic, and statistical analyses...

N-Ethyl-2-pyrrolidinone-substituted flavan-3-ols (EPSFs) are a newly discovered compound class in tea with various bioactivities. This study aimed to develop a novel processing technique to enhance EPSF contents in white tea efficiently. Using optimal processing parameters of 125 °C and 30 min in a high-temperature sterilizing oven, total EPSF content significantly increased by 1.42-18.80-fold to 1.57-6.22 mg/g without impacting sensory characteristics. Metabolomics analysis revealed elevated levels of nucleosides, nucleotides, bases, theaflavins, flavonol aglycones, EPSFs, and most flavone-C-glycosides, as well as decreased levels of amino acids, procyanidins, theasinensins, several flavanols, and flavonol-O-glycosides after EPSF-enrichment treatment...

The present study investigated the potential role of different essential amino acids (AA) in striped catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus). Fish (initial weight = 17.91±0.27 g, n = 260) were fed with eight isonitrogenous (30%), and isolipidic diets (6%) formulated to include different combinations of tryptophan (Trp), methionine (Met), and lysine (Lys) (T0: Zero AA, T1: Trp, T2: Lys, T3: Met, T4: Trp+Met, T5: Lys+Trp, T6: Met+Lys, T7: Lys+Trp+Met) for eight weeks. The dose of amino acid supplementation, whether individually or in combination, was 5g of each amino acid per kg of diet...

BACKGROUND: Branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) supplementation is one of the most popular strategies used by the general population and athletes to reduce muscle soreness and accelerate the recovery process of muscle damage biomarkers after an intense exercise or training session. OBJECTIVES: This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the effects of BCAA supplementation on muscle damage biomarkers and muscle soreness after exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD)...

The bone is a large and complex organ (12-15% of body weight) consisting of specialized connective tissues (bone matrix and bone marrow), whereas joints are composed of cartilage, tendons, ligaments, synovial joint capsules and membranes, and a synovial joint cavity filled with synovial fluid. Maintaining healthy bones and joints is a dynamic and complex process, as bone deposition (formation of new bone materials) and resorption (breakdown of the bone matrix to release calcium and phosphorus) are the continuous processes to determine bone balance...

» Identification of malnourished and at-risk patients should be a standardized part of the preoperative evaluation process for every patient.» Malnourishment is defined as a disorder of energy, protein, and nutrients based on the presence of insufficient energy intake, weight loss, muscle atrophy, loss of subcutaneous fat, localized or generalized fluid accumulation, or diminished functional status.» Malnutrition has been associated with worse outcomes postoperatively across a variety of orthopaedic procedures because malnourished patients do not have a robust metabolic reserve available for recovery after surgery...

BACKGROUND: The isolation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) from various tissues is possible, with the umbilical cord emerging as a competitive alternative to bone marrow. In order to fulfill the demands of cell therapy, it is essential to generate stem cells on a clinical scale while minimizing time, cost, and contamination. Here is a simple and effective protocol for isolating MSC from Wharton's Jelly (WJ-MSC) using the explant method with various supplements. METHODS: Utilizing the explant method, small fragments of Wharton's jelly from the human umbilical cord were cultured in a flask...

This study was conducted to determine the effects of amino acid (AA) supplementation in low-protein (LP) diets on growth performance and nitrogen (N) excretion. A total of 175 7-day-old Ross 308 male broilers, with a mean body weight (BW) of 165 g (standard deviation = 11.2 g), were grouped into five blocks by BW and allocated to seven treatments according to a randomized complete block design with five replicate cages at five birds per cage. Dietary treatments comprised a control diet containing 20.0% crude protein (CP) and six LP diets containing either 18...

Developing a low-protein feed is important for the sustainable advancement of aquaculture. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of essential amino acid (EAA) supplementation in a low-protein diet on the growth, intestinal health, and microbiota of the juvenile blotched snakehead, Channa maculata in an 8-week trial conducted in a recirculating aquaculture system. Three isoenergetic diets were formulated to include a control group (48.66 % crude protein (CP), HP), a low protein group (42.54 % CP, LP), and a low protein supplementation EAA group (44...

Excess levels of free radicals cause oxidative damage to cells. Taurine is a rare amino acid with antioxidant effects whose dietary deficiency increases oxidative damage to the cell membrane. To investigate the effects of dietary taurine supplementation on performance, blood hematology, oxidative stress, and jejunum morphology in broilers, 300 broilers (Ras 308, 1D of age) were randomly allocated into 4 groups with 5 replicates of 15 birds. The experimental treatments included basic diet (control treatment) and basic diet with 1, 3, and 6 g/kg taurine amino acid...

Methionine dependence is a characteristic of most cancer cells where they are unable to proliferate when the essential amino acid methionine is replaced with its precursor homocysteine in the growing media. Normal cells, on the other hand, thrive under these conditions and are referred to as methionine-independent. The reaction that adds a methyl group from 5-methyltetrahydrofolate to homocysteine to regenerate methionine is catalyzed by the enzyme methionine synthase with the cofactor cobalamin (vitamin B12 )...

BACKGROUND: The study investigated the impact of starch degradation products (SDexF) as prebiotics on obesity management in mice and overweight/obese children. METHODS: A total of 48 mice on a normal diet (ND) and 48 on a Western diet (WD) were divided into subgroups with or without 5% SDexF supplementation for 28 weeks. In a human study, 100 overweight/obese children were randomly assigned to prebiotic and control groups, consuming fruit and vegetable mousse with or without 10 g of SDexF for 24 weeks...

Flavonoids exhibit various bioactivities including anti-oxidant, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and anti-viral properties. Methylated flavonoids are particularly significant due to their enhanced oral bioavailability, improved intestinal absorption, and greater stability. The heterologous production of plant flavonoids in bacterial factories involves the need for enough biosynthetic precursors to allow for high production levels. These biosynthetic precursors are malonyl-CoA and l-tyrosine. In this work, to enhance flavonoid biosynthesis in Streptomyces albidoflavus , we conducted a transcriptomics study for the identification of candidate genes involved in l-tyrosine catabolism...

Finding stable and bioavailable calcium supplements is crucial for addressing calcium deficiency. In this study, glycated peptide-calcium chelates (WMPHs-COS-Ca) were prepared from walnut meal protein hydrolysates (WMPHs) and chitosan oligosaccharides (COSs) through the Maillard reaction, and the structural properties and stability of the WMPHs-COS-Ca were characterized. The results showed that WMPHs and COSs exhibited high binding affinities, with a glycation degree of 64.82%. After glycation, Asp, Lys, and Arg decreased by 2...

AIMS: The study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary folic acid (FA) on the production performance of laying hens, egg quality, and the nutritional differences between eggs fortified with FA and ordinary eggs. METHODS: A total of 288 26-week-old Hy-Line Brown laying hens (initial body weights 1.65 ± 0.10 kg) with a similar weight and genetic background were used. A completely randomized design divided the birds into a control group and three treatment groups...

Microbial conversion of agri-food waste to valuable compounds offers a sustainable route to develop the bioeconomy and contribute to sustainable biorefinery. Clostridium tyrobutyricum displays a series of native traits suitable for high productivity conversion of agri-food waste, which make it a promising host for the production of various compounds, such as the short-chain fatty acids and their derivative esters products. In this study, a butanol synthetic pathway was constructed in C. tyrobutyricum , and then efficient butyl butyrate production through in situ esterification was achieved by the supplementation of lipase into the fermentation...