keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38543900/toward-a-sars-cov-2-vlp-vaccine-hbc-g-as-a-carrier-for-sars-cov-2-spike-rbm-and-nucleocapsid-protein-derived-peptides
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ivars Petrovskis, Dace Skrastina, Juris Jansons, Andris Dislers, Janis Bogans, Karina Spunde, Anastasija Neprjakhina, Jelena Zakova, Anna Zajakina, Irina Sominskaya
Virus-like particles (VLPs) offer an attractive possibility for the development of vaccines. Recombinant core antigen (HBc) of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) was expressed in different systems, and the E. coli expression system was shown to be effective for the production of HBc VLPs. Here, we used HBc of the HBV genotype G (HBc/G) as a technologically promising VLP carrier for the presentation of spike RBM and nucleocapsid protein-derived peptides of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant for subsequent immunological evaluations of obtained fusion proteins...
March 4, 2024: Vaccines
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38543863/vaccine-based-on-recombinant-fusion-protein-combining-hepatitis-b-virus-pres-with-sars-cov-2-wild-type-and-omicron-derived-receptor-binding-domain-strongly-induces-omicron-neutralizing-antibodies-in-a-murine-model
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Pia Gattinger, Bernhard Kratzer, Al Nasar Ahmed Sehgal, Anna Ohradanova-Repic, Laura Gebetsberger, Gabor Tajti, Margarete Focke-Tejkl, Mirjam Schaar, Verena Fuhrmann, Lukas Petrowitsch, Walter Keller, Sandra Högler, Hannes Stockinger, Winfried F Pickl, Rudolf Valenta
BACKGROUND: COVID-19, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has become a recurrent endemic disease affecting the whole world. Since November 2021, Omicron and its subvariants have dominated in the spread of the disease. In order to prevent severe courses of disease, vaccines are needed to boost and maintain antibody levels capable of neutralizing Omicron. Recently, we produced and characterized a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine based on a recombinant fusion protein consisting of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-derived PreS and two SARS-CoV-2 wild-type RBDs...
February 23, 2024: Vaccines
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38518779/convergent-evolution-and-targeting-of-diverse-e2-epitopes-by-human-broadly-neutralizing-antibodies-are-associated-with-hcv-clearance
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Clinton O Ogega, Nicole E Skinner, Marta V Schoenle, Xander E Wilcox, Nicole Frumento, Desiree A Wright, Harry T Paul, Ariadne Sinnis-Bourozikas, Kaitlyn E Clark, Alexis Figueroa, Pamela J Bjorkman, Stuart C Ray, Andrew I Flyak, Justin R Bailey
The early appearance of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) in serum is associated with spontaneous hepatitis C virus (HCV) clearance, but to date, the majority of bNAbs have been isolated from chronically infected donors. Most of these bNAbs use the VH 1-69 gene segment and target the envelope glycoprotein E2 front layer. Here, we performed longitudinal B cell receptor (BCR) repertoire analysis on an elite neutralizer who spontaneously cleared multiple HCV infections. We isolated 10,680 E2-reactive B cells, performed BCR sequencing, characterized monoclonal B cell cultures, and isolated bNAbs...
March 15, 2024: Immunity
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38508038/acute-murine-betacoronavirus-infection-impairs-testicular-steroidogenesis-and-the-quality-of-sperm-production
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
A F A Figueiredo, N T Wnuk, M R G Brener, T O Farias, G H Campolina-Silva, A C S P Andrade, C M Queiroz-Junior, G B Menezes, M M Teixeira, V V Costa, G M J Costa
Although several testicular alterations promoted by coronavirus infection have been demonstrated, the extent, causes, and players of testicular pathogenesis are not totally understood. The present study aimed to investigate the short-term effects on male fertility of intranasally administered murine hepatitis virus strain 3 (MHV-3), a member of the genus Betacoronavirus, which causes a severe systemic acute infection. This mouse model might be used as a in vivo prototype for investigating the impact of betacoronavirus on the endocrine and exocrine testicular functions with the advantage to be performed in a biosafety level 2 condition...
February 13, 2024: Journal of Reproductive Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38496355/ifn-%C3%AE-il-17-il-22-cd4-subset-in-patients-with-hepatitis-c-virus-and-correlation-with-clinical-factor
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Soolmaz Khansalar, Zahra Faghih, Shaghik Barani, Mehdi Kalani, Mohammad Reza Ataollahi, Zeinab Mohammadi, Sepideh Namdari, Kurosh Kalantar
BACKGROUND: CD4+ T cell responses in HCV infection have a crucial role in the immunopathology of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Our aim was to investigate the frequency of Th1, Th17, and Th22 cells in HCV-infected patients and elucidate their role in the progression of the disease. METHODS: Twenty-six HCV-infected patients and 26 healthy individuals were recruited. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were stained to separate CD4, IFN-γ, IL-17, and IL-22 producing cells using flow cytometry...
2024: American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38495741/post-transplant-glomerulonephritis-challenges-and-solutions
#6
REVIEW
Marcos Vinicius de Sousa
Glomeruli can be damaged in several conditions after kidney transplantation, with a potential impact on the graft function and survival. Primary glomerulonephritis, a group of glomerular immunological damage that results in variable histological patterns and clinical phenotypes, can occur in kidney transplant recipients as a recurrent or de novo condition. Specific immunologic conditions associated with kidney transplantation, such as acute rejection episodes, can act as an additional trigger after transplantation, impacting the incidence of these glomerulopathies...
2024: International Journal of Nephrology and Renovascular Disease
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38485795/germline-havcr2-tim-3-checkpoint-inhibitor-receptor-deficiency-in-recurrent-autoinflammatory-myocarditis
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nora Pernaa, Anni Vakkuri, Miika Arvonen, Outi Kuismin, Wenny Santaniemi, Virpi Glumoff, Elisa Lappi-Blanco, Ulla Lantto, Marjo Okkonen, Kari Kaikkonen, Juhani Junttila, Risto Kerkelä, Pirjo Åström, Timo Hautala
Myocarditis can be caused by viral infection, drug reaction or general inflammatory condition. To provide understanding on inflammatory myocarditis, we describe clinical, genetic, and immunological properties of a young male patient who suffered from recurrent myocarditis episodes since the age of four years. Electrocardiography, troponin I/T, echocardiography, myocardial magnetic resonance imaging and histological findings were consistent with recurrent myocarditis episodes. Homozygous c.245 A > G p...
March 15, 2024: Journal of Clinical Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38482011/carcinogenic-mechanisms-of-virus-associated-lymphoma
#8
REVIEW
Ying Zhang, Wei Guo, Zhumei Zhan, Ou Bai
The development of lymphoma is a complex multistep process that integrates numerous experimental findings and clinical data that have not yet yielded a definitive explanation. Studies of oncogenic viruses can help to deepen insight into the pathogenesis of lymphoma, and identifying associations between lymphoma and viruses that are established and unidentified should lead to cellular and pharmacologically targeted antiviral strategies for treating malignant lymphoma. This review focuses on the pathogenesis of lymphomas associated with hepatitis B and C, Epstein-Barr, and human immunodeficiency viruses as well as Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus to clarify the current status of basic information and recent advances in the development of virus-associated lymphomas...
2024: Frontiers in Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38473721/endotoxin-inflammatory-action-on-cells-by-dysregulated-immunological-barrier-linked-ros-apoptosis-mechanisms-in-gut-liver-axis
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Andrei Dumitru, Elena Matei, Georgeta Camelia Cozaru, Anca Chisoi, Luana Alexandrescu, Răzvan Cătălin Popescu, Mihaela Pundiche Butcaru, Eugen Dumitru, Sorin Rugină, Cristina Tocia
Our study highlighted the immune changes by pro-inflammatory biomarkers in the gut-liver-axis-linked ROS-cell death mechanisms in chronic and acute inflammations when gut cells are exposed to endotoxins in patients with hepatic cirrhosis or steatosis. In duodenal tissue samples, gut immune barrier dysfunction was analyzed by pro-inflammatory biomarker expressions, oxidative stress, and cell death by flow cytometry methods. A significant innate and adaptative immune system reaction was observed as result of persistent endotoxin action in gut cells in chronic inflammation tissue samples recovered from hepatic cirrhosis with the A-B child stage...
February 20, 2024: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38469895/cxcl10-and-its-receptor-in-patients-with-chronic-hepatitis-b-and-their-ability-to-predict-hbeag-seroconversion-during-antiviral-treatment-with-tdf
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jiezuan Yang, Shaoyan Xu, Jinlin Cheng, Xuying Yin, Dong Yan, Xuefen Li
The serum chemokine C-X-C motif ligand-10 (CXCL10) and its unique receptor (CXCR3) may predict the prognosis of patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) treated with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF). Nevertheless, there are few reports on the profile of CXCL10 and CXCR3 and their clinical application in HBeAg (+) CHB patients during TDF antiviral therapy. CXCL10 and CXCR3 were determined in 118 CHB patients naively treated with TDF for at least 96 weeks at baseline and at treatment weeks 12 and 24. In addition, gene set enrichment analysis was used to examine the associated dataset from Gene Expression Omnibus and explore the gene sets associated with HBeAg seroconversion (SC)...
March 2024: Journal of Medical Virology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38465509/high-level-of-c3-is-associated-with-th2-immune-response-and-liver-fibrosis-in-patients-with-schistosomiasis
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xianmo Wang, Quan Gong, Hao Nie, Jiancheng Tu, Wen Fan, Xiaoping Tan
Long-term infection of schistosomiasis will seriously affect the liver health of patients. The serum of 334 chronic Schistosoma japonicum patients and 149 healthy volunteers was collected. Compared with heathy people, the level of C4 (complement 4) was increased, and the level of C3 (complement 3) was in an obvious skewed distribution. ELISA was performed to detect the serum cytokines, the results showed that the levels of IFN-γ (interferon-γ), IL (interleukin)-2 and TNF-α (tumour necrosis factor-α) were reduced, while the levels of Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10) were increased...
March 2024: Parasite Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38465237/marmosets-as-models-of-infectious-diseases
#12
REVIEW
Ian C T Herron, Thomas R Laws, Michelle Nelson
Animal models of infectious disease often serve a crucial purpose in obtaining licensure of therapeutics and medical countermeasures, particularly in situations where human trials are not feasible, i.e., for those diseases that occur infrequently in the human population. The common marmoset ( Callithrix jacchus ), a Neotropical new-world (platyrrhines) non-human primate, has gained increasing attention as an animal model for a number of diseases given its small size, availability and evolutionary proximity to humans...
2024: Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38453980/the-deleterious-effects-of-sofosbuvir-and-ribavirin-antiviral-drugs-against-hepatitis-c-virus-on-different-body-systems-in-male-albino-rats-regarding-reproductive-hematological-biochemical-hepatic-and-renal-profiles-and-histopathological-changes
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rana A Ali, Eatemad A Awadalla, Yahia A Amin, Samer S Fouad, Maha Abd-El Baki Ahmed, Mohammed H Hassan, Emaad Abdel-Kahaar, Rehab H Abdel-Aziz
Sofosbuvir is one of the crucial drugs used in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) in adults and children with compensated liver disease, including cirrhosis. It may be used alone or with other drugs. Ribavirin is an antiviral medication used to treat HCV infection. It is not effective when used alone and must be used in combination with other medications, such as sofosbuvir. This study pertains to a comprehensive assessment of the deleterious effects of sofosbuvir (an antiviral drug against chronic HCV) or sofosbuvir combined with ribavirin (an antiviral drug against RNA and DNA viruses) on several biological activities of the body, including hematological, hormonal, biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical examinations during a long-standing period on male healthy rats...
March 7, 2024: Scientific Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38447382/the-infection-of-cysticercus-fasciolaris-in-natural-rats-rattus-species-residing-in-human-residence-areas-nakhon-si-thammarat-thailand
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sunsaneeya Thaikoed, Watcharapong Mitsuwan, Kittipong Chaisiri, Noppharat Tanthanathipchai, Maria de Lourdes Pereira, Alok K Paul, Veeranoot Nissapatorn, Phirabhat Saengsawang
Cysticercus fasciolaris (C. fasciolaris) is the larval stage of a cestode parasite named Taenia taeniaeformis (T. taeniaeformis). C. fasiolaris is found in small rodents, especially rats. Rattus species are listed as intermediate hosts of this parasite, and cats are the main definitive host of C. fasiolaris. The objective of this study was to study the pathological, microscopic, and molecular aspects of C. fasciolaris in rodents residing in human residence areas. One hundred and two rodents were trapped in human settlements and dissected for larva-containing cyst examinations in the body cavity...
March 1, 2024: Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38426692/immunological-pathways-in-viral-hepatitis-induced-hepato-cellular-carcinoma
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lingdong Xu, Yifan Xu, Fei Zhang, Pinglong Xu, Lie Wang
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a serious neoplastic disease with increasing incidence and mortality, accounting for 90% of all liver cancers. Hepatitis viruses are the major causative agents in the development of HCC. Hepatitis A virus (HAV) primarily causes acute infections, which is associated with HCC to a certain extent, as shown by clinicopathological studies. Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections lead to persistent liver inflammation and cirrhosis, disrupt multiple pathways associated with cellular apoptosis and proliferation, and are the most common viral precursors of HCC...
January 19, 2024: Zhejiang da Xue Xue Bao. Yi Xue Ban, Journal of Zhejiang University. Medical Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38420130/injecting-drug-use-and-hepatitis-c-virus-infection-independently-increase-biomarkers-of-inflammatory-disease-risk-which-are-incompletely-restored-by-curative-direct-acting-antiviral-therapy
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anna C Hearps, Nikil Vootukuru, Salimeh Ebrahimnezhaddarzi, Brendan L Harney, Irene Boo, Long Nguyen, Damian Pavlyshyn, Paul M Dietze, Heidi E Drummer, Alexander J Thompson, Anthony Jaworowski, Margaret E Hellard, Rachel Sacks-Davis, Joseph S Doyle
BACKGROUND: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections are more prevalent in people who inject drugs (PWID) who often experience additional health risks. HCV induces inflammation and immune alterations that contribute to hepatic and non-hepatic morbidities. It remains unclear whether curative direct acting antiviral (DAA) therapy completely reverses immune alterations in PWID. METHODS: Plasma biomarkers of immune activation associated with chronic disease risk were measured in HCV-seronegative (n=24) and HCV RNA+ (n=32) PWID at baseline and longitudinally after DAA therapy...
2024: Frontiers in Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38412016/oral-supplementation-of-gut-microbial-metabolite-indole-3-acetate-alleviates-diet-induced-steatosis-and-inflammation-in-mice
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yufang Ding, Karin Yanagi, Fang Yang, Evelyn Callaway, Clint Cheng, Martha E Hensel, Rani Menon, Robert C Alaniz, Kyongbum Lee, Arul Jayaraman
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease in Western countries. There is growing evidence that dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota and disruption of microbiota-host interactions contribute to the pathology of NAFLD. We previously demonstrated that gut microbiota-derived tryptophan metabolite indole-3-acetate (I3A) was decreased in both cecum and liver of high-fat diet-fed mice and attenuated the expression of inflammatory cytokines in macrophages and Tnfa and fatty acid-induced inflammatory responses in an aryl-hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-dependent manner in hepatocytes...
February 27, 2024: ELife
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38397937/biomarkers-of-innate-immunity-and-immunological-susceptibility-to-viral-infection-in-patients-with-alcoholic-cirrhosis
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Isabel Legaz, Elena Navarro-Noguera, Aurelia Collados-Ros, Jose Miguel Bolarín, Manuel Muro
BACKGROUND: The harmful effect of alcohol on the immune system may be due to both a direct action of the alcohol or its metabolites on immune cells as an indirect action modifying the different mechanisms of intercellular interaction. The interplay between stimulatory (aKIR) and inhibitory (iKIR) natural killer (NK) cell receptors and their corresponding human leukocyte antigen (HLA) ligands influences the outcome of virus infection. The aim was to analyze the influence of the KIR/HLA pair genetic profile in male alcoholic cirrhosis (AC) patients with and without viral infections to find susceptibility biomarkers that can help establish the risks and prevent viral infections...
February 1, 2024: Biomedicines
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38370419/hcv-induced-autophagy-and-innate-immunity
#19
REVIEW
Jiyoung Lee, J-H James Ou
The interplay between autophagy and host innate immunity has been of great interest. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) impedes signaling pathways initiated by pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) that recognize pathogens-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Autophagy, a cellular catabolic process, delivers damaged organelles and protein aggregates to lysosomes for degradation and recycling. Autophagy is also an innate immune response of cells to trap pathogens in membrane vesicles for removal. However, HCV controls the autophagic pathway and uses autophagic membranes to enhance its replication...
2024: Frontiers in Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38370409/hepatocyte-specific-mitogen-activated-protein-kinase-phosphatase-1-in-sexual-dimorphism-and-susceptibility-to-alcohol-induced-liver-injury
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mary Nancy Walter, Diego Montoya-Durango, Walter Rodriguez, Yali Wang, JingWen Zhang, Julia H Chariker, Eric C Rouchka, Claudio Maldonado, Anton Bennett, Craig James McClain, Shirish Barve, Leila Gobejishvili
BACKGROUND: It is well established that females are more susceptible to the toxic effects of alcohol, although the exact mechanisms are still poorly understood. Previous studies noted that alcohol reduces the expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 1 (MKP1), a negative regulator of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) in the liver. However, the role of hepatocyte- specific MKP1 in the pathogenesis of alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) remains uncharacterized...
2024: Frontiers in Immunology
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