corticosteroid

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to compare clinical spectrum and outcome between adults and children with Takayasu's arteritis (TAK) in a European population. METHODS: We made a nationwide retrospective observational study between 1988 and 2019. All adult patients met the ACR diagnostic criteria for TAK and all children met the EULAR/PRINTO/PRES criteria for paediatric TAK. RESULTS: We identified 46 children and 389 adults with TAK. The male to female ratio was 34/46 (0...

INTRODUCTION: Health care costs and societal impact of myasthenia gravis (MG), a potentially life-threatening rare, chronic neuromuscular disease are sparsely studied. We assessed healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) and associated costs among patients with newly diagnosed (ND) and pre-existing (PE) MG in Sweden. METHODS: This observational, retrospective cohort study used data from four linkable Swedish nationwide population-based registries. Adult MG patients receiving pharmacological treatment for MG and having ≥ 24-month follow-up during the period 1/1/2010 to 12/31/2017 were included...

Inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) is a mainstay treatment for controlling asthma and preventing exacerbations in patients with persistent asthma. Many types of ICS drugs are used, either alone or in combination with other controller medications. Despite the widespread use of ICSs, asthma control remains suboptimal in many people with asthma. Suboptimal control leads to recurrent exacerbations, causes frequent ER visits and inpatient stays, and is due to multiple factors. One such factor is the inappropriate ICS choice for the patient...

OBJECTIVES: Growth failure is one of the major complications of pediatric chronic kidney disease. Even after a kidney transplant (KT), up to 50 % of patients fail to achieve the expected final height. This study aimed to assess longitudinal growth after KT and identify factors influencing it. METHODS: A retrospective observational study was performed. We reviewed the clinical records of all patients who underwent KT for 25 years in a single center (n=149) and performed telephone interviews...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this systematic review was to ascertain guideline-recommended pharmaceutical approaches to lumbosacral radicular symptoms, assess the quality of the clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) with the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II (AGREE II) tool, and qualitatively synthesize the guideline recommendations. LITERATURE SURVEY: Literature searches were performed in PubMed, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Index to Chiropractic Literature, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database (AMED), Cumulative Index for Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro)...

BACKGROUND: Prurigo nodularis, a chronic inflammatory skin condition, adversely affects the quality of life of affected individuals. Current treatment options for prurigo nodularis in Japan are limited. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the optimal dose, efficacy, and safety of long-term treatment with nemolizumab in patients with prurigo nodularis in Japan. METHODS: In a 16-week, double-blind, phase II/III study, patients aged ≥13 years with prurigo nodularis were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to nemolizumab 30 mg, 60 mg, or placebo groups, with concomitant topical corticosteroids, every 4 weeks...

Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) is a rare non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis characterized by massive lymphadenopathy and systemic extranodal lesions. We present the case of a 28-year-old woman who presented with recurrent blurred vision in her right eye for 3 months. She developed blindness and atrophy in her left eye a decade prior to presentation. She subsequently developed headache, fever, and impaired mental status. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging indicated hypertrophic pachymeningitis (HP), and 18 F-fluoro-2-deoxy-2-d-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography revealed significant FDG uptake in the left dura mater...

BACKGROUND: To date, few studies have compared the effectiveness of exogenous surfactant therapy with Curosurf and Beraksurf in the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in preterm neonates. OBJECTIVE: Since surfactant has a significant impact on the treatment of neonates with RDS, this study was conducted to introduce a more effective method for treating preterm neonates with RDS. METHODS: The present clinical trial was conducted on 140 preterm neonates with RDS in the NICU department of two specialized university hospitals in Hamadan, western Iran...

BACKGROUND: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have improved outcomes in a variety of adult cancers and are prescribed with increasing frequency across oncology. However, patterns of off-label use of ICI in pediatrics remain unclear. METHODS: This is a single-institution, retrospective cohort study evaluating off-label ICI use in pediatric and young adult patients with cancer treated at our institution from 2014 to 2022. Response was based on clinician assessment derived from clinical records...

Systemic antifungal therapy is critical for reducing the mortality from many invasive and chronic fungal infections. Triazole antifungals are the most frequently prescribed antifungals but require attention to dosing and drug interactions. Nearly 600 severe drug-drug interactions and over 1100 moderate interactions requiring dose modifications are described or anticipated with systemic antifungal agents (see https://www.aspergillus.org.uk/antifungal-drug-interactions/). In this article, we address the common and less common, but serious, drug interactions observed in clinical practice with triazole antifungals, including a group of drugs that cannot be prescribed with all or most triazole antifungals (ivabradine, ranolazine, eplerenone, fentanyl, apomorphine, quetiapine, bedaquiline, rifampicin, rifabutin, sirolimus, phenytoin and carbamazepine)...

A 45-year-old male with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) syndrome presented with vision loss in his right eye after discontinuing treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic. He was found to have bullous retinal detachment (RD) in the right eye and was started on subcutaneous adalimumab with oral corticosteroid following three doses of pulse corticosteroid. But when RD did not resolve after 4 months of treatment and ultrasound B scan showed bullous RD with retino-retinal adhesion, he was planned for surgical intervention...

BACKGROUND: Immunoglobulin type A (IgA) nephropathy is the most common primary glomerulonephritis (GN) worldwide with higher rates in East and Pacific Asia compared to North America and Europe. Despite high reported prevalence of IgAN in these countries, the overall disease prevalence across Asia is not available. Treatment patterns of IgAN patients across Asian countries have also not been summarized. The aim of this study was to review and summarize evidence on IgA nephropathy prevalence, treatment patterns, and humanistic and economic burden in mainland China, Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, and Australia...

BACKGROUND: Anaphylaxis is a potentially life-threatening allergic reaction, with presentations to emergency departments (EDs) increasing across Australia. Understanding the features of those presenting with anaphylaxis and aspects related to its optimal clinical management across the admission, treatment and discharge settings is needed to minimise its impact. We aimed to evaluate the nature and management of presentations related to anaphylaxis across two Australian EDs. METHODS: Retrospective audit of paediatric and adult patients presenting to a community or tertiary level ED with anaphylaxis from 1 May 2018 to 30 April 2019...

Notable-HCC (NCT05185531) is a phase 1b trial, aiming to evaluate the safety and preliminary effectiveness of neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade plus stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) in early-stage resectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Twenty patients with HCC of BCLC stage 0-A received 3 <mml:math xmlns:mml="https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mo>×</mml:mo></mml:math> Gy SBRT and two cycles of tislelizumab, an anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody before the curative HCC resection...

PURPOSE: Asthma, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), rhinosinusitis, and esophageal reflux are conditions that may overlap, forming a syndrome known as CORE. Whenever clinical remission of severe asthma (SA) is not achieved, it is essential to investigate the presence of comorbidities, in particular the presence of OSA that may lead to the diagnosis of CORE syndrome. METHODS: The study was conducted on naive patients with SA and concomitant rhinosinusitis and esophageal reflux, referred to our institute since 2018...

The cutaneous fungal infections in male genitalia are relatively rare, and often present with various atypical clinical symptoms. It was mainly reported in a small number of case reports, while data with large number of patients were rarely reported. In this study, we reported 79 male patients with cutaneous fungal infections on scrotum or penis. The fungal infections were confirmed by microscopic examination directly and fungus culture. Clinical characteristics and predisposing factors were also collected...

We present a case of a man in his 30s presenting with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and eosinophilia. The patient underwent thrombus aspiration and initially echocardiographic evaluation was normal. The patient was discharged after 2 days, but was hospitalised again after 6 days. Echocardiographic evaluation now revealed a thrombus formation on the aortic valve. Laboratory data revealed increasing eosinophilia, and treatment with high-dosage corticosteroids and hydroxyurea was initiated as eosinophilic disease with organ manifestations could not be precluded...

Parthenium hysterophorus is the commonest cause of plant dermatitis in India. It classically causes airborne contact dermatitis (ABCD), characterized by pruritic, eczematous, and lichenified lesions involving predominantly the face and flexural areas. Over time, however, a transition to chronic actinic dermatitis (CAD) pattern, with prominent involvement of sun-exposed sites, may occur. Management involves strict protective measures and topical and oral corticosteroids or immunomodulatory agents but often leads to only limited success...

IMPORTANCE: Sydenham chorea is the most common acquired chorea of childhood worldwide; however, treatment is limited by a lack of high-quality evidence. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate historical changes in the clinical characteristics of Sydenham chorea and identify clinical and treatment factors at disease onset associated with chorea duration, relapsing disease course, and functional outcome. DATA SOURCES: The systematic search for this meta-analysis was conducted in PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and LILACS databases and registers of clinical trials from inception to November 1, 2022 (search terms: [Sydenham OR Sydenham's OR rheumatic OR minor] AND chorea)...

BACKGROUND: Dupilumab and tralokinumab are interleukin-binding monoclonal antibodies used to treat systemic atopic disease. Use of these medications in management of atopic dermatitis (AD) is known to cause conjunctivitis. Dupilumab therapy has also been associated with more severe ocular surface disease, which has not previously been described in association with tralokinumab. This report describes a case of tralokinumab-associated conjunctivitis and peripheral ulcerative keratitis and reviews the spectrum and proposed mechanisms of ocular surface disease triggered by these medications...