cd203c

Basophils are a rare granulocyte population that has been associated with allergic and inflammatory responses. It is essential to understand the regulatory mechanisms by which basophils are kept in check, considering the impact of dysregulated basophil function on immune responses under different pathological conditions. Among immunoregulatory cells, CD4+ CD25+ FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs ) are the key players that maintain immune tolerance. The mechanisms by which Tregs regulate and suppress diverse immune cell subsets have been studied extensively, but the impact of Tregs on basophil functions is not well understood...

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of sesame food allergy (SFA) has increased over recent years, with the potential of anaphylactic reactions upon exposure. Oral food challenge (OFC) remains the diagnostic standard, yet its implementation may be risky. Commercial skin prick tests (SPT) have a low sensitivity. Investigation of alternate diagnostic methods is warranted. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the utility of SPT and the basophil activation test (BAT) for SFA diagnosis. METHODS: Eighty-two patients with suspected SFA completed an open OFC to sesame or reported a recent confirmed reaction...

The ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase (NPP) enzyme family modulates purinergic signaling by degrading extracellular nucleotides. CD203c (NPP3, ENPP3) regulates the inflammatory response of basophils via ATP hydrolysis and is a marker for allergen sensitivity on the surface of these cells. Multiple other roles and substrates have also been proposed for this protein. In order to gain insight into its molecular functions, we determined the crystal structure of human NPP3 as well as its complex with an ATP analog...

Prevalence of allergic diseases is increasing worldwide. Allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT) is potentially the only curative treatment for allergy, but there is a lack of reliable methods to monitor the immune responses to ASIT and to predict clinical efficacy. Recently, the definition of allergen sensitivity threshold (CD-Sens) by Basophil Activation Tests has been suggested as potential method in this context. The aim of this study was to compare trends of CD-Sens, measured by the markers CD63 and CD203c, and clinical symptoms in subjects with allergic rhinitis receiving Sublingual Immunotherapy (SLIT)...

Severe hemorrhagic events occur in a significant fraction of acute promyelocytic leukemia patients, either at presentation and/or early after starting therapy, leading to treatment failure and early deaths. However, identification of independent predictors for high-risk of severe bleeding at diagnosis, remains a challenge. Here, we investigated the immunophenotype of bone marrow leukemic cells from 109 newly diagnosed acute promyelocytic leukemia patients, particularly focusing on the identification of basophil-related features, and their potential association with severe bleeding episodes and patient overall survival...

BACKGROUND: Sugammadex is used to reverse the effects of neuromuscular blocking agents in many cases of general anesthesia. However, there are several reports of anaphylaxis after its use. Skin testing is the gold standard for detecting the causative agent of anaphylaxis. However, due to the lack of validated protocols for skin testing with sugammadex, the diagnostic accuracy might be inadequate. Recently, the basophil activation test (BAT) has been established as a tool to detect the causative agent of anaphylaxis with high sensitivity and specificity...

BACKGROUND: Neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) are the main agents involved during perioperative immediate hypersensitivity. The etiological diagnosis (IgE-mediated allergy vs nonallergy) is linked to the clinical presentation together with tryptase and histamine levels and skin test results. The role of basophil activation test (BAT) needs to be better defined in this setting. OBJECTIVES: To assess the role of BAT compared with the results of skin testing in 31 patients experiencing immediate NMBA hypersensitivity and compare skin test results and BAT performances in the identification of alternative NMBAs...

Quantification of specific IgE (sIgE) antibodies constitutes an important measure to document anesthesia-related immediate hypersensitivity reactions (IHRs). However, only a few drug-specific assays are available and their predictive value is not known. In cases of non-IgE mediated IHRs, diagnosis might benefit from cellular tests such as basophil mediator release tests and basophil activation tests (BATs). To review the potential and limitations of quantification of sIgE, mediator release, and BAT in anesthesia-related IHRs, a literature search was conducted using the key words allergy, basophil activation, CD63, CD203c, diagnosis, drugs, hypersensitivity, flow cytometry, MRGPRX2, specific IgE antibodies, leukotrienes, histamine, and tryptase; this was complemented by the authors' experience...

BACKGROUND: An allergic rhinitis (AR) diagnosis is based on typical nasal symptoms and allergen sensitization testing. However, it is sometimes difficult to distinguish AR from non-AR, and it is especially difficult to identify the causal allergen for immunotherapy of patients with AR. OBJECTIVE: To identify differences among patients with AR, subjects with asymptomatic sensitization (AS), and subjects without sensitization (NS) that could facilitate the diagnosis of AR...

Background. Currently there are no biomarkers useful to predict the future evolution and the therapeutic response in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU). Objective. To review the available information on biomarkers that might be applied for the follow up of the response to guideline recommended therapies for CSU. Methods. A review of the medical literature on CSU potential clinical and laboratory biomarkers in PubMed and MEDLINE including the terms urticaria, chronic urticaria, chronic idiopathic urticaria, chronic spontaneous urticaria, antihistamines (AHs), omalizumab (OMA), cyclosporine (CyA), and treatment...

BACKGROUND: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are commonly used to treat gastrointestinal diseases. Incidence of hypersensitivity reactions to PPIs has risen, likely because of increased consumption. Their diagnosis is difficult, with skin tests (STs) presenting low sensitivity, making it necessary to perform drug provocation tests (DPTs). The value of in vitro tests for the diagnosis of immediate reaction to PPI is unclear. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the diagnostic value of the basophil activation test (BAT) in a group of patients diagnosed with immediate allergy to omeprazole...

RATIONALE: Recombinant fragment of human surfactant protein D (rfhSP-D) has been shown to suppress house dust mite- and Aspergillus fumigatus-induced allergic inflammation in murine models. OBJECTIVES: We sought to elucidate the effect of rfhSP-D on high-affinity IgE receptor- and CD23-mediated, grass pollen-induced allergic inflammatory responses. METHODS: rfhSP-D, containing homotrimeric neck and lectin domains, was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(λDE3)pLysS cells...

BACKGROUND: Mechanisms that govern priming and degranulation of human mast cells (MCs) remain elusive. Besides, most of our knowledge is based on experiments from which data only reflect an average of all stimulated cells. This study aims at investigating the effects of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-33, and TNF-α on IgE-dependent and IgE-independent activation of individual MCs. METHODS: MCs were derived from CD34(+) progenitors isolated from 50 mL whole blood from 4 healthy controls and 5 birch pollen allergic patients...

Immediate drug hypersensitivity reactions (IDHR) to moxifloxacin constitute a pathomechanistic conundrum and a diagnostic challenge. Our objective was to study whether simultaneous phenotyping and quantification of histamine release might add to our knowledge about the basophil activation properties of moxifloxacin and constitute a reliable diagnostic aid. Fifteen patients with an IDHR to moxifloxacin and nine moxifloxacin challenged controls were selected. All had a basophil activation test (BAT) with moxifloxacin...

AIMS: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) leads to impairment of immune cell function. Given the potential role of basophils in the pathogenesis of CKD, we aimed to study the basophil responsiveness towards microbial antigen exposure, judged as adhesion molecule expression and degranulation, in CKD patients on hemodialysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We selected markers linked to two crucial biological phases: the transmigration and degranulation processes, respectively. For the transmigration process, we selected the adhesion molecules CD11b, active CD11b epitope, and CD62L and for the degranulation process CD203c (piecemeal degranulation marker), CD63 (degranulation marker), and CD300a (inhibitory marker of degranulation)...

BACKGROUND: The impact of basophils on asthma pathogenesis remains largely unexplored, particularly in humans. Here, we evaluated the frequencies and activation status of basophils in the sputum of adult asthmatic patients and related our findings to other parameters of eosinophilic airway inflammation. METHODS: We enrolled 44 adult asthmatic patients who were being treated with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). Analysis of the induced sputum, exhaled nitric oxide fraction (FeNO) measurement, and asthma control test (ACT) were carried out together with standard blood and pulmonary function tests...

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Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) terminally transforms to acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or bone marrow failure syndrome, but acute myeloid leukemia with basophilic differentiation has been rarely reported. An 81-year-old man was referred to our department for further examination of intermittent fever and normocytic anemia during immunosuppressive treatment. Chromosomal analysis showed additional abnormalities involving chromosome 7. He was diagnosed as having MDS. At the time of diagnosis, basophils had not proliferated in the bone marrow...

Acute basophilic leukaemia (ABL) is a rare subtype of acute myeloblastic leukaemia. We previously described a recurrent t(X;6)(p11;q23) translocation generating an MYB-GATA1 fusion gene in male infants with ABL. To better understand its role, the chimeric MYB-GATA1 transcription factor was expressed in CD34-positive haematopoietic progenitors, which were transplanted into immunodeficient mice. Cells expressing MYB-GATA1 showed increased expression of markers of immaturity (CD34), of granulocytic lineage (CD33 and CD117), and of basophilic differentiation (CD203c and FcϵRI)...

Allergic disorders have now become a major worldwide public health issue, but the effective treatment options remain limited. We report a novel approach to block allergic reactivity by targeting the surface-bound IgE of the allergic effector cells via low-affinity anti-human IgE Abs with dissociation constants in the 10-6 to 10-8 M range. We demonstrated that these low-affinity anti-IgE mAbs bind to the cell surface-bound IgE without triggering anaphylactic degranulation even at high concentration, albeit they would weakly upregulate CD203c expression on basophils...