keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38487957/residency-requirements-for-medical-aid-in-dying
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rebecca Dresser
In 1997, when Oregon became the first U.S. jurisdiction authorizing medical aid in dying (MAID), its law included a requirement that patients be legal residents of the state. Other U.S. jurisdictions legalizing MAID followed Oregon in adopting residency requirements. Recent litigation challenges the legality, as well as the justification, for such requirements. Facing such challenges, Oregon and Vermont eliminated their MAID residency requirements. More states could follow this move, for, in certain circumstances, the U...
March 15, 2024: Hastings Center Report
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38479537/factors-associated-with-hospital-admission-in-the-last-month-a-retrospective-single-center-analysis
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jessica E Ma, Maren K Olsen, Cara L McDermott, C Barrett Bowling, S Nicole Hastings, Tyler White, David Casarett
CONTEXT: Driven by concerns about care quality, patient experience, and national metrics, health systems are increasingly focusing on identifying risk factors for patients who are hospitalized in the last month of life. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate patient factors associated with hospital admission in the last month. METHODS: We analyzed a retrospective cohort of 8488 patients with a primary care visit in a tertiary health system in the last year of life using a linked electronic health record and decedent dataset...
March 11, 2024: Journal of Pain and Symptom Management
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38390681/identity-theft-deep-brain-stimulation-and-the-primacy-of-post-trial-obligations
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Joseph J Fins, Amanda R Merner, Megan S Wright, Gabriel Lázaro-Muñoz
Patient narratives from two investigational deep brain stimulation trials for traumatic brain injury and obsessive-compulsive disorder reveal that injury and illness rob individuals of personal identity and that neuromodulation can restore it. The early success of these interventions makes a compelling case for continued post-trial access to these technologies. Given the centrality of personal identity to respect for persons, a failure to provide continued access can be understood to represent a metaphorical identity theft...
January 2024: Hastings Center Report
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38390680/neuroscience-and-society-supporting-and-unsettling-public-engagement
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Gregory E Kaebnick
Advancing neuroscience is one of many topics that pose a challenge often called "the alignment problem"-the challenge, that is, of assuring that science policy is responsive to and in some sense squares with the public's values. This issue of the Hastings Center Report launches a series of scholarly essays and articles on the ethical and social issues raised by this vast body of medical research and bench science. The series, which will run under the banner "Neuroscience and Society," is supported by the Dana Foundation and seeks to promote deliberative public engagement, broadly understood, about neuroscience...
January 2024: Hastings Center Report
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38390679/brain-pioneers-and-moral-entanglement-an-argument-for-post-trial-responsibilities-in-neural-device-trials
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sara Goering, Andrew I Brown, Eran Klein
We argue that in implanted neurotechnology research, participants and researchers experience what Henry Richardson has called "moral entanglement." Participants partially entrust researchers with access to their brains and thus to information that would otherwise be private, leading to created intimacies and special obligations of beneficence for researchers and research funding agencies. One of these obligations, we argue, is about continued access to beneficial technology once a trial ends. We make the case for moral entanglement in this context through exploration of participants' vulnerability, uncompensated risks and burdens, depth of relationship with the research team, and dependence on researchers in implanted neurotechnology trials...
January 2024: Hastings Center Report
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38390678/ethical-challenges-of-advances-in-vaccine-delivery-technologies
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Arthur L Caplan, Kyle Ferguson, Anne Williamson
Strategies to address misinformation and hesitancy about vaccines, including the fear of needles, and to overcome obstacles to access, such as the refrigeration that some vaccines demand, strongly suggest the need to develop new vaccine delivery technologies. But, given widespread distrust surrounding vaccination, these new technologies must be introduced to the public with the utmost transparency, care, and community involvement. Two emerging technologies, one a skin-patch vaccine and the other a companion dye and detector, provide excellent examples of greatly improved delivery technologies for which such a careful approach should be developed in order to increase vaccine uptake...
January 2024: Hastings Center Report
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38390677/hidden-ethical-challenges-in-health-data-infrastructure
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nicole Contaxis
Data infrastructure includes the bureaucratic, technical, and social mechanisms that assist in actions like data management, analysis, storage, and sharing. While issues like data sharing have been addressed in depth in bioethical literature, data infrastructure presents its own ethical considerations, apart from the actions (such as data sharing and data analysis) that it enables. This essay outlines some of these considerations-namely, the ethics of efficiency, the visibility of infrastructure, the power of standards, and the impact of new technologies-in order to invite the bioethics community to participate in conversations about infrastructure, as their expertise is both needed and welcomed...
January 2024: Hastings Center Report
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38390676/challenging-disability-discrimination-in-the-clinical-use-of-pdmp-algorithms
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Elizabeth Pendo, Jennifer Oliva
State prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs) use proprietary, predictive software platforms that deploy algorithms to determine whether a patient is at risk for drug misuse, drug diversion, doctor shopping, or substance use disorder (SUD). Clinical overreliance on PDMP algorithm-generated information and risk scores motivates clinicians to refuse to treat-or to inappropriately treat-vulnerable people based on actual, perceived, or past SUDs, chronic pain conditions, or other disabilities. This essay provides a framework for challenging PDMP algorithmic discrimination as disability discrimination under federal antidiscrimination laws, including a new proposed rule interpreting section 1557 of the Affordable Care Act...
January 2024: Hastings Center Report
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38390675/digital-humans-to-combat-loneliness-and-social-isolation-ethics-concerns-and-policy-recommendations
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nancy S Jecker, Robert Sparrow, Zohar Lederman, Anita Ho
Social isolation and loneliness are growing concerns around the globe that put people at increased risk of disease and early death. One much-touted approach to addressing them is deploying artificially intelligent agents to serve as companions for socially isolated and lonely people. Focusing on digital humans, we consider evidence and ethical arguments for and against this approach. We set forth and defend public health policies that respond to concerns about replacing humans, establishing inferior relationships, algorithmic bias, distributive justice, and data privacy...
January 2024: Hastings Center Report
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38390674/care-or-complicity-medical-personnel-in-prisons
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rebecca L Walker
Imprisonment may sometimes be a justified form of punishment. Yet the U.S. carceral system suffers from appalling problems of justice-in who is put into prisons, in how imprisoned people are treated, and in downstream personal and community health impacts. Medical personnel working in prisons and jails take on risky work for highly vulnerable and underserved patients. They are to be lauded for their professional commitments. Yet at the same time, prison care undercuts the ability of medical personnel to uphold their own professional standards and sometimes fails in even basic health protection...
January 2024: Hastings Center Report
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38382040/choice-in-the-context-of-dementia-emerging-issues-for-health-care-practice-in-aging-societies
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nancy Berlinger, Emily A Largent, Mara Buchbinder, Mildred Z Solomon
This introduction to the special report "Facing Dementia: Clarifying End-of-Life Choices, Supporting Better Lives" explains why focused attention to dementia is needed in bioethics and in health care practice in a range of settings. It explains how this strongly age-associated condition shapes individual lives over years, revealing inequities in how dementia care is financed. The introduction explains the structure of the report, which consists of five essays, a consolidated set of recommendations from these essays, bibliographies, and other resources...
January 2024: Hastings Center Report
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38382039/related-developments-and-debates-in-canada-time-line-and-publications
#12
(no author information available yet)
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
January 2024: Hastings Center Report
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38382038/what-makes-a-better-life-for-people-facing-dementia-toward-dementia-friendly-health-and-social-policy-medical-care-and-community-support-in-the-united-states
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Barak Gaster, Emily A Largent
Taking steps to build a more dementia-friendly society is essential for addressing the needs of people experiencing dementia. Initiatives that improve the quality of life for those living with dementia are needed to lessen controllable factors that can negatively influence how people envision a future trajectory of dementia for themselves. Programs that provide better funding and better coordination for care support would lessen caregiver burden and make it more possible to imagine more people being able to live what they might consider a "good life" with dementia...
January 2024: Hastings Center Report
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38382037/selected-publications-relevant-to-topics-explored-in-this-special-report-with-a-focus-on-the-united-states
#14
(no author information available yet)
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
January 2024: Hastings Center Report
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38382036/too-soon-or-too-late-rethinking-the-significance-of-six-months-when-dementia-is-a-primary-diagnosis
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Cindy L Cain, Timothy E Quill
Cultural narratives shape how we think about the world, including how we decide when the end of life begins. Hospice care has become an integral part of the end-of-life care in the United States, but as it has grown, its policies and practices have also imposed cultural narratives, like those associated with the "six-month rule" that the majority of the end of life takes place in the final six months of life. This idea is embedded in policies for a range of care practices and reimbursement processes, even though six months is not always a meaningful marker...
January 2024: Hastings Center Report
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38382035/guiding-the-future-rethinking-the-role-of-advance-directives-in-the-care-of-people-with-dementia
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Barak Gaster, Thaddeus Mason Pope
When people lose capacity to make a medical decision, the standard is to assess what their preferences would have been and try to honor their wishes. Dementia raises a special case in such situations, given its long, progressive trajectory during which others must make substituted judgments. The question of how to help surrogates make better-informed decisions has led to the development of dementia-specific advance directives, in which people are given tools to help them communicate what their preferences are while they are still able...
January 2024: Hastings Center Report
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38382034/when-people-facing-dementia-choose-to-hasten-death-the-landscape-of-current-ethical-legal-medical-and-social-considerations-in-the-united-states
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Emily A Largent, Jane Lowers, Thaddeus Mason Pope, Timothy E Quill, Matthew K Wynia
Some individuals facing dementia contemplate hastening their own death: weighing the possibility of living longer with dementia against the alternative of dying sooner but avoiding the later stages of cognitive and functional impairment. This weighing resonates with an ethical and legal consensus in the United States that individuals can voluntarily choose to forgo life-sustaining interventions and also that medical professionals can support these choices even when they will result in an earlier death. For these reasons, whether and how a terminally ill individual can choose to control the timing of their death is a topic that cannot be avoided when considering the dementia trajectory...
January 2024: Hastings Center Report
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38382033/opening-the-door-rethinking-difficult-conversations-about-living-and-dying-with-dementia
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mara Buchbinder, Nancy Berlinger
This essay looks closely at metaphors and other figures of speech that often feature in how Americans talk about dementia, becoming part of cultural narratives: shared stories that convey ideas and values, and also worries and fears. It uses approaches from literary studies to analyze how cultural narratives about dementia may surface in conversations with family members or health care professionals. This essay also draws on research on a notable social effect of legalizing medical aid in dying: patients may find it easier to bring up a range of concerns, regardless of whether they have any interest in hastening their own death...
January 2024: Hastings Center Report
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38372331/an-academic-community-partnership-to-address-gun-violence-in-the-roseland-neighborhood-of-chicago
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Daniel J Schober, Ashley Wolf, Myles C Castro, Julie Slezak, Paula Hastings, Diane Latiker
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Gun violence is the leading cause of death for youth. This study examined an academic-community partnership to address gun violence through a strength-based approach called Asset-Based Community Development. METHODS: We used a case study design. Participants were Black youth who encounter frequent gun violence (average age = 16.7 years; 72% male). Our partnership involved survey development/completion and semistructured discussions. We also interviewed community stakeholders to collect data on local assets...
April 2024: Family & Community Health
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38131499/making-the-world-safer-and-fairer-in-pandemics
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lawrence O Gostin, Kevin A Klock, Alexandra Finch
Global health has long been characterized by injustice, with certain populations marginalized and made vulnerable by social, economic, and health disparities within and among countries. The pandemic only amplified inequalities. In response to it, the World Health Organization and the United Nations have embarked on transformative normative and financial reforms that could reimagine pandemic prevention, preparedness, and response (PPPR). These reforms include a new strategy to sustainably finance the WHO, a UN political declaration on PPPR, a fundamental revision to the International Health Regulations, and negotiation of a new, legally binding pandemic agreement (popularly called the "Pandemic Treaty")...
November 2023: Hastings Center Report
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