keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38537119/constructing-linear-oriented-pre-vascularized-human-spinal-cord-tissues-for-spinal-cord-injury-repair
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Caixia Fan, Hui Cai, Lulu Zhang, Xianming Wu, Junyan Yan, Lifang Jin, Baowei Hu, Jiaxiong He, Yanyan Chen, Yannan Zhao, Jianwu Dai
Repairing spinal cord injury (SCI) is a global medical challenge lacking effective clinical treatment. Developing human-engineered spinal cord tissues that can replenish lost cells and restore a regenerative microenvironment offers promising potential for SCI therapy. However, creating vascularized human spinal cord-like tissues that mimic the diverse cell types and longitudinal parallel structural features of spinal cord tissues remains a significant hurdle. In present study, vascularized spinal cord tissues (VSCT) were engineered using embryonic human spinal cord-derived neural cells and endothelial cells on linear ordered collagen scaffolds (LOCS)...
March 27, 2024: Advanced Healthcare Materials
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535321/palmitate-compromises-c6-astrocytic-cell-viability-and-mitochondrial-function
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Luisa O Schmitt, Antonella Blanco, Sheila V Lima, Gianni Mancini, Natalia F Mendes, Alexandra Latini, Joana M Gaspar
Consumption of high-fat diets (HFD) is associated with brain alterations, including changes in feeding behavior, cognitive decline, and dementia. Astrocytes play a role in HFD-induced neuroinflammation and brain dysfunction; however, this process is not entirely understood. We hypothesized that exposure to saturated fatty acids can compromise astrocyte viability and mitochondrial function. The C6 (astrocytes) cell line was treated with palmitate or stearate (200 µM and 400 µM) for 6 h. Cell viability, morphology, inflammatory markers, and oxidative stress were evaluated...
March 12, 2024: Metabolites
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535311/in-vitro-astroglial-dysfunction-induced-by-neurotoxins-mimicking-astrocytic-metabolic-alterations-of-alzheimer-s-disease
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jéssica Taday, Fernanda Telles Fróes, Marina Seady, Carlos Alberto Gonçalves, Marina Concli Leite
Astrocytes play fundamental roles in the maintenance of brain homeostasis. The dysfunction of these cells is widely associated with brain disorders, which are often characterized by variations in the astrocyte protein markers GFAP and S100B, in addition to alterations in some of its metabolic functions. To understand the role of astrocytes in neurodegeneration mechanisms, we induced some of these metabolic alterations, such as energy metabolism, using methylglyoxal (MG) or fluorocitrate (FC); and neuroinflammation, using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and streptozotocin (STZ), which is used for inducing Alzheimer's disease (AD) in animal models...
March 1, 2024: Metabolites
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534795/opposite-and-differently-altered-postmortem-changes-in-h3-and-h3k9me3-patterns-in-the-rat-frontal-cortex-and-hippocampus
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Karolina Dulka, Noémi Lajkó, Kálmán Nacsa, Karoly Gulya
Temporal and spatial epigenetic modifications in the brain occur during ontogenetic development, pathophysiological disorders, and aging. When epigenetic marks, such as histone methylations, in brain autopsies or biopsy samples are studied, it is critical to understand their postmortem/surgical stability. For this study, the frontal cortex and hippocampus of adult rats were removed immediately (controls) or after a postmortem delay of 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, or 150 min. The patterns of unmodified H3 and its trimethylated form H3K9me3 were analyzed in frozen samples for Western blot analysis and in formalin-fixed tissues embedded in paraffin for confocal microscopy...
March 18, 2024: Epigenomes
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534751/testosterone-inhibits-secretion-of-the-pro-inflammatory-chemokine-cxcl1-from-astrocytes
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Malgorzata Turniak-Kusy, Maciej Studzian, Piotr Szpakowski, Piotr Kuchta, Kaja Smietanka, Claudia Mattern, Lukasz Pulaski, Bartosz Bielecki
Astrocytes play an important role in the regulation of the inflammatory response in the CNS, e.g., in demyelinating diseases. Since the chemokine CXCL1 is known to be secreted by astrocytes and to have a pro-inflammatory effect on immune cells in the CNS, we verified the effect of testosterone on its secretion in vitro (in the astrocytic cell line DI TNC1). Testosterone reduced the increase in CXCL1 production caused by the pro-inflammatory agent lysophosphatidylcholine and restored the basal production level of CXCL1...
March 6, 2024: Current Issues in Molecular Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534621/fabrication-and-characterization-of-quad-component-bioinspired-hydrogels-to-model-elevated-fibrin-levels-in-central-nervous-tissue-scaffolds
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ana M Diaz-Lasprilla, Meagan McKee, Andrea C Jimenez-Vergara, Swathisri Ravi, Devon Bellamy, Wendy Ortega, Cody O Crosby, Jennifer Steele, Germán Plascencia-Villa, George Perry, Dany J Munoz-Pinto
Multicomponent interpenetrating polymer network (mIPN) hydrogels are promising tissue-engineering scaffolds that could closely resemble key characteristics of native tissues. The mechanical and biochemical properties of mIPNs can be finely controlled to mimic key features of target cellular microenvironments, regulating cell-matrix interactions. In this work, we fabricated hydrogels made of collagen type I (Col I), fibrin, hyaluronic acid (HA), and poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) using a network-by-network fabrication approach...
March 17, 2024: Gels
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534355/recent-research-trends-in-neuroinflammatory-and-neurodegenerative-disorders
#7
REVIEW
Jessica Cohen, Annette Mathew, Kirk D Dourvetakis, Estella Sanchez-Guerrero, Rajendra P Pangeni, Narasimman Gurusamy, Kristina K Aenlle, Geeta Ravindran, Assma Twahir, Dylan Isler, Sara Rukmini Sosa-Garcia, Axel Llizo, Alison C Bested, Theoharis C Theoharides, Nancy G Klimas, Duraisamy Kempuraj
Neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), traumatic brain injury (TBI) and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are chronic major health disorders. The exact mechanism of the neuroimmune dysfunctions of these disease pathogeneses is currently not clearly understood. These disorders show dysregulated neuroimmune and inflammatory responses, including activation of neurons, glial cells, and neurovascular unit damage associated with excessive release of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, neurotoxic mediators, and infiltration of peripheral immune cells into the brain, as well as entry of inflammatory mediators through damaged neurovascular endothelial cells, blood-brain barrier and tight junction proteins...
March 14, 2024: Cells
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534343/the-exon-junction-complex-factor-rbm8a-in-glial-fibrillary-acid-protein-expressing-astrocytes-modulates-locomotion-behaviors
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shravan Asthana, Jennifer Mott, Mabel Tong, Zifei Pei, Yingwei Mao
The role of RNA Binding Motif Protein 8a (RBM8A), an exon junction complex (EJC) component, in neurodevelopmental disorders has been increasingly studied for its crucial role in regulating multiple levels of gene expression. It regulates mRNA splicing, translation, and mRNA degradation and influences embryonic development. RBM8A protein is expressed in both neurons and astrocytes, but little is known about RBM8A's specific role in glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP)-positive astrocytes. To address the role of RBM8A in astrocytes, we generated a conditional heterozygous knockout (KO) mouse line of Rbm8a in astrocytes using a GFAP-cre line...
March 13, 2024: Cells
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534341/gut-brain-interactions-and-their-impact-on-astrocytes-in-the-context-of-multiple-sclerosis-and-beyond
#9
REVIEW
Julia Zißler, Veit Rothhammer, Mathias Linnerbauer
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that leads to physical and cognitive impairment in young adults. The increasing prevalence of MS underscores the critical need for innovative therapeutic approaches. Recent advances in neuroimmunology have highlighted the significant role of the gut microbiome in MS pathology, unveiling distinct alterations in patients' gut microbiota. Dysbiosis not only impacts gut-intrinsic processes but also influences the production of bacterial metabolites and hormones, which can regulate processes in remote tissues, such as the CNS...
March 13, 2024: Cells
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534318/nicotinic-acetylcholine-receptors-in-glial-cells-as-molecular-target-for-parkinson-s-disease
#10
REVIEW
Érica Novaes Soares, Ana Carla Dos Santos Costa, Gabriel de Jesus Ferrolho, Rodrigo Portes Ureshino, Bruk Getachew, Silvia Lima Costa, Victor Diogenes Amaral da Silva, Yousef Tizabi
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by resting tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, and postural instability that also includes non-motor symptoms such as mood dysregulation. Dopamine (DA) is the primary neurotransmitter involved in this disease, but cholinergic imbalance has also been implicated. Current intervention in PD is focused on replenishing central DA, which provides remarkable temporary symptomatic relief but does not address neuronal loss and the progression of the disease...
March 7, 2024: Cells
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38533894/long-term-intake-of-thermo-induced-oxidized-oil-results-in-anxiety-like-and-depression-like-behaviors-involvement-of-microglia-and-astrocytes
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Meishan Lu, Jiachen Shi, Xue Li, Yanjun Liu, Yuanfa Liu
Frequent consumption of fried foods has been strongly associated with a higher risk of anxiety and depression, particularly among young individuals. The existing evidence has indicated that acrylamide produced from starchy foods at high temperatures can induce anxious behavior. However, there is limited research on the nerve damage caused by thermo-induced oxidized oil (TIOO). In this study, we conducted behavioral tests on mice and found that prolonged consumption of TIOO led to significant anxiety behavior and a tendency toward depression...
March 27, 2024: Food & Function
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38533630/strongly-adhesive-self-healing-hemostatic-hydrogel-for-the-repair-of-traumatic-brain-injury
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Zuoxiang Dong, Jihu Zhao, Jian Xu, Wenshuai Deng, Peng Sun
With wide clinical demands, therapies for traumatic brain injury (TBI) are a major problem in surgical procedures and after major trauma. Due to the difficulty in regeneration of neurons or axons after injury, as well as the inhibition of blood vessel growth by the formation of neural scars, existing treatment measures have limited effectiveness in repairing brain tissue. Herein, the biomultifunctional hydrogels are developed for TBI treatment based on the Schiff base reaction of calcium ion (Ca2+ )-cross-linked oxidized sodium alginate (OSA) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS)...
March 27, 2024: Biomacromolecules
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38533497/the-interaction-of-lipocalin-2-and-astrocytes-in-neuroinflammation-mechanisms-and-therapeutic-application
#13
REVIEW
Qianqian Tan, Chenxi Zhang, Xiuqin Rao, Wei Wan, Wei Lin, Shupeng Huang, Jun Ying, Yue Lin, Fuzhou Hua
Neuroinflammation is a common pathological process in various neurological disorders, including stroke, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and others. It involves the activation of glial cells, particularly astrocytes, and the release of inflammatory mediators. Lipocalin-2 (Lcn-2) is a secretory protein mainly secreted by activated astrocytes, which can affect neuroinflammation through various pathways. It can also act as a pro-inflammatory factor by modulating astrocyte activation and polarization through different signaling pathways, such as NF-κB, and JAK-STAT, amplifying the inflammatory response and aggravating neural injury...
2024: Frontiers in Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38532513/role-of-aquaporin-4-polarization-in-extracellular-solute-clearance
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Laura Bojarskaite, Sahar Nafari, Anne Katrine Ravnanger, Mina Martine Frey, Nadia Skauli, Knut Sindre Åbjørsbråten, Lena Catherine Roth, Mahmood Amiry-Moghaddam, Erlend A Nagelhus, Ole Petter Ottersen, Inger Lise Bogen, Anna E Thoren, Rune Enger
Waste from the brain has been shown to be cleared via the perivascular spaces through the so-called glymphatic system. According to this model the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) enters the brain in perivascular spaces of arteries, crosses the astrocyte endfoot layer, flows through the parenchyma collecting waste that is subsequently drained along veins. Glymphatic clearance is dependent on astrocytic aquaporin-4 (AQP4) water channels that are highly enriched in the endfeet. Even though the polarized expression of AQP4 in endfeet is thought to be of crucial importance for glymphatic CSF influx, its role in extracellular solute clearance has only been evaluated using non-quantitative fluorescence measurements...
March 26, 2024: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38532010/serotonin-effects-on-human-ipsc-derived-neural-cell-functions-from-mitochondria-to-depression
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Iseline Cardon, Sonja Grobecker, Frederike Jenne, Tatjana Jahner, Rainer Rupprecht, Vladimir M Milenkovic, Christian H Wetzel
Depression's link to serotonin dysregulation is well-known. The monoamine theory posits that depression results from impaired serotonin activity, leading to the development of antidepressants targeting serotonin levels. However, their limited efficacy suggests a more complex cause. Recent studies highlight mitochondria as key players in depression's pathophysiology. Mounting evidence indicates that mitochondrial dysfunction significantly correlates with major depressive disorder (MDD), underscoring its pivotal role in depression...
March 26, 2024: Molecular Psychiatry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38531832/molecular-mechanisms-involved-in-alcohol-craving-irf3-and-endoplasmic-reticulum-stress-a-multi-omics-study
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ming-Fen Ho, Cheng Zhang, Irene Moon, Mustafa Tuncturk, Brandon J Coombes, Joanna Biernacka, Michelle Skime, Tyler S Oesterle, Victor M Karpyak, Hu Li, Richard Weinshilboum
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is the most prevalent substance use disorder worldwide. Acamprosate and naltrexone are anti-craving drugs used in AUD pharmacotherapy. However, molecular mechanisms underlying their anti-craving effect remain unclear. This study utilized a patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-based model system and anti-craving drugs that are used to treat AUD as "molecular probes" to identify possible mechanisms associated with alcohol craving. We examined the pathophysiology of craving and anti-craving drugs by performing functional genomics studies using iPSC-derived astrocytes and next-generation sequencing...
March 26, 2024: Translational Psychiatry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38530508/far-infrared-therapy-based-on-graphene-ameliorates-high-fat-diet-induced-anxiety-like-behavior-in-obese-mice-via-alleviating-intestinal-barrier-damage-and-neuroinflammation
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jin-Shui Zhang, Shuo Li, Xin Cheng, Xiao-Cui Tan, Yu-Long Huang, Hua-Jin Dong, Rui Xue, Yang Zhang, Jing-Cao Li, Xiao-Xing Feng, Yun Deng, You-Zhi Zhang
The consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) has been implicated in the etiology of obesity and various neuropsychiatric disturbances, including anxiety and depression. Compelling evidence suggests that far-infrared ray (FIR) possesses beneficial effects on emotional disorders. However, the efficacy of FIR therapy in addressing HFD-induced anxiety and the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Here, we postulate that FIR emitted from a graphene-based therapeutic device may mitigate HFD-induced anxiety behaviors...
March 26, 2024: Neurochemical Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38530221/synergism-between-hypothalamic-astrocytes-and-neurons-in-metabolic-control
#18
REVIEW
Laura M Frago, Alfonso Gomez-Romero, Roberto Collado-Pérez, Jesús Argente, Julie A Chowen
Astrocytes are no longer considered as passive support cells. In the hypothalamus, these glial cells actively participate in the control of appetite, energy expenditure and the processes leading to obesity and its secondary complications. Here we briefly review studies supporting this conclusion and the advances made in understanding the underlying mechanisms.
March 26, 2024: Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38529606/comparative-outcomes-of-intravenous-intranasal-and-intracerebroventricular-transplantation-of-human-neural-stem-cells-in-mice-model-of-ischemic-stroke
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mengze Zhang, Yaying Song, Chong Xie, Yangtai Guan
BACKGROUND: Transplantation of neural stem cells improves ischemic stroke outcomes in rodent models and is currently in the clinical test stage. However, the optimal delivery route to achieve improved efficacy remains undetermined. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to evaluate three more clinically feasible delivery routes: intravenous (IV), intranasal (IN), and intracerebroventricular (ICV). We compared the therapeutic efficacies of the three routes of transplanting human neural stem cells (hNSCs) into mice with permanent middle cerebral artery obstruction (pMCAO)...
March 25, 2024: Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38529533/morphometric-similarity-differences-in-drug-naive-parkinson-s-disease-correlate-with-transcriptomic-signatures
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yajie Wang, Yiwen Xiao, Yi Xing, Miao Yu, Xiao Wang, Jingru Ren, Weiguo Liu, Yuan Zhong
BACKGROUND: Differences in cortical morphology have been reported in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the pathophysiological mechanism of transcriptomic vulnerability in local brain regions remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to characterize the morphometric changes of brain regions in early drug-naive PD patients and uncover the brain-wide gene expression correlates. METHODS: The morphometric similarity (MS) network analysis was used to quantify the interregional structural similarity from multiple magnetic resonance imaging anatomical indices measured in each brain region of 170 early drug-naive PD patients and 123 controls...
March 2024: CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics
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