Crop rotation

Fish diseases pose a significant threat to food security in aquaculture, as they can lead to considerable reductions in fish production, quality, and profitability. Globally, salmon aquaculture is the quickest-expanding food production system. Detecting and diagnosing fish diseases in their early stages is essential to prevent the spread of diseases and reduce the negative impact on aquaculture's economy and environment. To serve this purpose, we introduce the SalmonScan dataset, a novel and comprehensive collection of images of healthy and infected salmon fish, which can be used for various applications in computer science and aquaculture...

The current study placed an intense emphasis on the excess discharge of agro-based industrial effluent and the use of plant extract antimicrobials to inhibit the growth of pathogens in crop plants. An effluent (treated and untreated) from the marigold flower processing industry has been identified for the presence of volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds, and a total of 18 in treated effluent and 23 in untreated effluent were found using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A total of 13 classes were identified, which include carboxylic acid, phenols, esters, alkanes, alkenes, alcohols, cyanide, heterocyclic, flavonoids, aldehydes, polycyclic aromatic, cycloalkanes, and cycloalkenes...

The increasing use of nitrogen fertilizers exerts extreme pressure on the environment (e.g., greenhouse gas emissions, GHGs) for winter wheat-summer maize rotation systems in the North China Plain. The application of controlled-release fertilizers is considered as an effective measure to improve crop yield and nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency. To explore the impact of one-time fertilization of controlled-release blended fertilizer on crop yield and GHGs of a wheat-maize rotation system, field experiments were carried out in Dezhou Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Park from 2020 to 2022...

Diphenyl ether herbicides are extensively utilized in agricultural systems, but their residues threaten the health of sensitive rotation crops. Functional microbial strains can degrade diphenyl ether herbicides in the rhizosphere of crops, facilitating the restoration of a healthy agricultural environment. However, the interplay between microorganisms and plants in diphenyl ether herbicides degradation remains unclear. Thus, the herbicide-degrading strain Bacillus sp. Za and the sensitive crop, maize, were employed to uncover the interaction mechanism...

Soil amendment is an important strategy for improving soil quality and crop yield. From 2014 to 2019, we conducted a study to investigate the effects of tobacco straw return with lime on soil nutrients, soil microbial community structure, tobacco leaf yield, and quality in southern Anhui, China. A field experiment was conducted with four treatments: straw removed (CK), straw return (St), straw return with dolomite (St + D), and straw return with lime (St + L). Results showed that after 5 years of application, the St + L significantly increased the soil pH by 16...

Crop declines have been observed in raspberry and blueberry farms in the southwest region of Spain, which is the most important berry-producing area in the country. This study aimed to identify and characterize the pathogens associated with these diseases using molecular and morphological methods. Additionally, pathogenicity tests were performed on different raspberry, blueberry, and strawberry cultivars to determine possible susceptible hosts in the area. An isolate of P. cactorum was obtained from a symptomatic strawberry plant, an isolate of P...

Straw return utilizes waste resources to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers worldwide. However, information is still lacking on the relative impact of straw return on soil fertility, the nutrient composition of different soil aggregates, and soil microbial communities. Therefore, this study aimed to understand the effects of different management practices on the crop yield, soil fertility, and soil community composition in a 14-year wheat-rice rotation system. The treatments included a control (without fertilizer and straw addition), chemical fertilization (NPK), straw return without fertilizer (S), and straw addition with chemical fertilizer (NPKS)...

Soil sodicity is a growing concern for crop growth and development in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Conservation agriculture (CA) provides an effective solution towards reclamation of degraded sodic lands and enhance the crop productivity. A field experiment was carried out to assess the sodic soil reclamation potential of CA based management practices including zero tillage, legume (mungbean; Mb) rotation, residue (+R) mulch, and subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) for three years under rice-wheat (RW) system...

Exogenous application of iron (Fe) may alleviate salinity stress in plants growing in saline soils. This comparative study evaluated the comparative residual effects of iron nanoparticles (FNp) with two other Fe sources including iron-sulphate (FS) and iron-chelate (FC) on maize ( Zea mays L.) crop grown under salt stress. All three Fe sources were applied at the rate of 15 and 25 mg/kg of soil before the sowing of wheat (an earlier crop; following the sequence of crop rotation) and no further Fe amendments were added later for the maize crop...

Transformations of applied phosphorus (P) fertilizer to inaccessible residual soil P is the main cause of inadequate P availability to plants in the majority of the cultivated soils. This study investigated the effect of organic wastes (rice-residue biochar, farmyard manure (FYM), poultry manure (PM), green manure (GM), and wheat straw (WS) on residual-P mobilization and its bioavailability in maize crops under different P status soils. Surface soil samples of 'medium-P' (12.5-22.5 kg P ha-1 ) and 'high-P' (22...

Formally described in 2009, Phytophthora sansomeana is a pathogen of increasing interest in native, agricultural, and horticulturally important plant species. The objective of this study was to elucidate the symptomatic and asymptomatic host range of P. sansomeana on six agricultural crop species commonly used in field crop rotations in Michigan. In addition, sensitivity to oomicides commonly used in seed treatments including, oxathiapiprolin, mefenoxam, ethaboxam, and pyraclostrobin was performed to aid in disease management recommendations...

BACKGROUND: Agricultural pesticide use in sub-Saharan Africa has doubled over the past three decades; with a greater relative increase for fungicides. As pesticide inputs continues to rise, so does the potential for the development of resistance. Here, we report on a survey conducted to understand pesticide resistance awareness, pesticide use knowledge and practices of growers and agricultural extension officers (AEOs) in the cereals growing-belt of Northern Ghana, with emphasis on fungicides...

Determining suitable irrigation technology is of paramount for promoting water-saving agriculture, particularly for winter wheat-summer maize rotation system in well-irrigated regions. To optimize and assess the efficacy of various irrigation technologies (specifically, semi-fixed sprinkler irrigation, walking sprinkler, semi-automatic buried telescopic sprinkler irrigation, thin-soft spray tape irrigation, drip irrigation, self-driven winch sprinkler and manually moving spray gun irrigation, marked as A, B, C, D, E, F and G) applied in south central North China Plain, we first conducted an economic analysis for the winter wheat-summer maize rotation...

In this paper, a sequence (1979-2022) of a long-term trial established in Lukavec in 1956 (Czech Republic) focusing on the effect of weather, various nitrogen (N) fertilization methods (control, PK, N1PK, N2PK, and N3PK) and preceding crops (cereals, legumes, and oil plants) on winter wheat grain yield is presented. The weather significantly changed at the site of the long-term trial. While the trend in the mean temperature significantly increased, precipitation did not change significantly over the long term...

In July 2022, dark brown to black, angular, water-soaked lesions were observed on sesame leaves (Sesamum indicum L.) in a research plot established to assess yield potential for eight varieties at the North Carolina (NC) Sandhills Research Station (Chavez 2023). Symptoms were indicative of a bacterial leaf spot (BLS). At early flowering stage, leaf spots were present on scattered plants; varieties ES108, SS3301, and ES201 exhibited up to 75% disease prevalence, with lower frequency in ES103, S39, S4302, S3251, and S3276...

BACKGROUND: Accurate finding of Knee Osteoarthritis (KOA) from structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a difficult task and is greatly subject to user variation. Furthermore, the identification of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) from MRI scans presents a challenge due to the limited information available. A novel methodology using an ensemble Deep Learning algorithm, combining EfficientNet-B3 and ResNext-101 architectures, aims to forecast KOA advancement, bridging the identified gap in clinical trials...

Glyphosate, the most widely used herbicide, is linked with environmental harm and there is a drive to replace it in agricultural systems. We model the impacts of discontinuing glyphosate use and replacing it with cultural control methods. We simulate winter wheat arable systems reliant on glyphosate and typical in northwest Europe. Removing glyphosate was projected to increase weed abundance, herbicide risk to the environment, and arable plant diversity and decrease food production. Weed communities with evolved resistance to non-glyphosate herbicides were not projected to be disproportionately affected by removing glyphosate, despite the lack of alternative herbicidal control options...

Intensified agriculture, a driver of biodiversity loss, can diminish ecosystem functions and their stability. Biodiversity can increase functional redundancy and is expected to stabilize ecosystem functions. Few studies, however, have explored how agricultural intensity affects functional redundancy and its link with ecosystem function stability. Here, within a continental-wide study, we assess how functional redundancy of seed predation is affected by agricultural intensity and landscape simplification. By combining carabid abundances with molecular gut content data, functional redundancy of seed predation was quantified for 65 weed genera across 60 fields in four European countries...

Legume-based rotation is commonly recognized for its mitigation efficiency of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, variations in GHG emission-associated metabolic functions during the legume-vegetable rotation process remain largely uncharacterized. Accordingly, a soybean-radish rotation field experiment was designed to clarify the responses of microbial communities and their GHG emission-associated functional metabolism through metagenomics. The results showed that the contents of soil organic carbon and total phosphorus significantly decreased during the soybean-radish process (P < 0...

The present study aimed to assess the efficiency of zeolite in mitigating the nitrogen (N) losses through ammonia (NH3 ) and nitrous oxide (N2 O) emissions from pig slurry (PS) applied to Italian ryegrass (IRG)-maize fields under a crop rotation system and the consequent effect on nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) for forage production. PS was applied at rates of 150 and 200 kg N ha-1 for the IRG and maize growing seasons, respectively, with or without zeolite. Soil mineral N content and NH3 and N2 O emissions were measured periodically throughout the year-round cultivation of IRG and maize...