neuropsychiatric

PURPOSE: Nicotine withdrawal is a multifaceted physiological and psychological process that can induce a spectrum of mood disturbances. Gaining a more nuanced understanding of how pure nicotine withdrawal influences cognitive control functions may provide valuable insights for the enhancement of smoking cessation programs. This study investigated changes in inhibitory control function in smokers after 2-hour nicotine withdrawal using the event-related potential (ERP) technique. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: 28 nicotine dependence (ND) patients and 28 health controls (HCs) completed a smoking-cued Go/No-go task containing two different types of picture stimuli, smoking-cued and neutral picture stimuli...

BACKGROUND: The global incidence of acute events in psychiatric patients is intensifying, and models to successfully predict acute events have attracted much attention. OBJECTIVE: To explore the influence factors of acute incident severe mental disorders (SMDs) and the application of Rstudio statistical software, and build and verify a nomogram prediction model. METHODS: SMDs were taken as research objects. The questionnaire survey method was adopted to collect data...

Risk taking behavior is a symptom of multiple neuropsychiatric disorders and often lacks effective treatments. Reward circuitry regions including the amygdala, orbitofrontal cortex, insula, and anterior cingulate have been implicated in risk-taking by neuroimaging studies. Electrophysiological activity associated with risk taking in these regions is not well understood in humans. Further characterizing the neural signalling that underlies risk-taking may provide therapeutic insight into disorders associated with risk-taking...

The insula is an integral component of sensory, motor, limbic, and executive functions, and insular dysfunction is associated with numerous human neuropsychiatric disorders. Insular afferents project widely, but insulo-striate projections are especially numerous. The targets of these insulo-striate projections are organized into tissue compartments, the striosome and matrix. These striatal compartments have distinct embryologic origins, afferent and efferent connectivity, dopamine pharmacology, and susceptibility to injury...

Background Hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection may further compromise immunological and cognitive function in people with HIV (PWH). This study compared laboratory and neuropsychiatric measures across the periods of HCV seroconversion and direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy with sustained virologic response (SVR) among PWH who initiated antiretroviral therapy (ART) during acute HIV infection (AHI) and acquired HCV after 24 weeks of ART. Methods Participants from the RV254 AHI cohort underwent paired laboratory and neuropsychiatric assessments during regular follow-up...

High-amplitude co-activation patterns are sparsely present during resting-state fMRI but drive functional connectivity 1-5 . Further, they resemble task activation patterns and are well-studied 3,5-10 . However, little research has characterized the remaining majority of the resting-state signal. In this work, we introduced caricaturing-a method to project resting-state data to a subspace orthogonal to a manifold of co-activation patterns estimated from the task fMRI data. Projecting to this subspace removes linear combinations of these co-activation patterns from the resting-state data to create Caricatured connectomes...

BACKGROUND: Hospital patients with behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are vulnerable to a range of adverse outcomes. Hospital-based Special Care Units (SCUs) are secure dementia-enabling environments providing specialised gerontological care. Due to a scarcity of research, their value remains unconfirmed. OBJECTIVE: To compare hospital based SCU management of BPSD with standard care. DESIGN: Single-case multiple baseline design...

Two recently discovered DRD2 mutations, c.634A > T, p.Ile212Phe and c.1121 T > G, p.Met374Arg, cause hyperkinetic movement disorders that have overlapping features but apparently differ in severity. The two known carriers of the Met374Arg variant had early childhood disease onset and more severe motor, cognitive, and neuropsychiatric deficits than any known carriers of the Ile212Phe variant, whose symptoms were first apparent in adolescence. Here, we evaluated if differences in the function of the two variants in cultured cells could explain differing pathogenicity...

OBJECTIVES: Demyelination and immunocyte-infiltrated lesions have been found in neuro-Behçet's disease (NBD) pathology. Lacking satisfying laboratory biomarkers in NBD impedes standard clinical diagnostics. We aim to explore the ancillary indicators for NBD diagnosis unveiling its potential etiology. METHODS: 28 NBD with defined diagnosis, 29 patients with neuropsychiatric lupus erythematosus, 30 central nervous system idiopathic inflammatory demyelination diseases (CNS-IIDD), 30 CNS infections, 30 cerebrovascular diseases, and 30 noninflammatory neurological diseases (NIND) were retrospectively enrolled...

Essentially all neuropsychiatric diagnoses show some degree of sex and/or gender differences in their etiology, diagnosis, or prognosis. As a result, the roles of sex-related variables in behavior and cognition are of strong interest to many, with several lines of research showing effects on executive functions and value-based decision making in particular. These findings are often framed within a sex binary, with behavior of females described as less optimal than male "defaults"-- a framing that pits males and females against each other and deemphasizes the enormous overlap in fundamental neural mechanisms across sexes...

Hospitalized patients with COVID-19 have an increased risk of developing psychiatric symptoms associated with post-COVID-19 syndrome. We aimed to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 hospitalization on neuropsychiatric healthcare utilization as well as new-onset depression and dementia. This nationwide, retrospective, observational cohort study included hospitalized COVID-19 patients aged 18 years or older across the Veterans Health Administration database from January 1st, 2020 through January 1st, 2022. The COVID-19 group consisted of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 with a positive test within seven days of the hospitalization...

INTRODUCTION: In the first randomised controlled trial of a dementia training and support intervention in UK homecare agencies, we aimed to assess: acceptability of our co-designed, manualised training, delivered by non-clinical facilitators; outcome completion feasibility; and costs for a future trial. METHODS: This cluster-randomised (2:1) single-blind, feasibility trial involved English homecare agencies. Intervention arm agency staff were offered group videocall sessions: 6 over 3 months, then monthly for 3 months (NIDUS-professional)...

BACKGROUND: Prenatal maternal distress can negatively affect pregnancy outcomes, yet its impact on the offspring's brain structure and function remains unclear. This systematic review summarizes the available literature on the relationship between prenatal maternal distress and brain development in fetuses and infants up to 12 months of age. METHODS: We searched Central, Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and PSYNDEXplus for studies published between database inception and December 2023...

BACKGROUND: Copy number variations (CNVs) have emerged as significant contributors to the elusive genetic causality of inherited eye diseases. In this study, we describe a case with optic atrophy and a brain aneurysm, in which a de novo CNV 3q29 deletion was identified. CASE PRESENTATION: A 40-year-old female patient was referred to our department after undergoing aneurysm transcatheter arterial embolization for a brain aneurysm. She had no history of systemic diseases, except for unsatisfactory best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) since elementary school...

Schizophrenia is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder with significant morbidity. Treatment options that address the spectrum of symptoms are limited, highlighting the need for innovative therapeutic approaches. Gamma Entrainment Using Sensory Stimulation (GENUS) is an emerging treatment for neuropsychiatric disorders that uses sensory stimulation to entrain impaired oscillatory network activity and restore brain function. Aberrant oscillatory activity often underlies the symptoms experienced by patients with schizophrenia...

OBJECTIVE: To synthesize recommendations on assessing and managing behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSDs) in existing clinical guidelines on dementia care to learn from and adapt recommendations to a Canadian context and language for describing BPSDs. DESIGN: Systematic review. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Moderate to high-quality clinical practice guidelines on dementia care that made 1 or more recommendations on BPSD assessment or management...

INTRODUCTION: Irritability, a common neuropsychiatric symptom in Huntington's disease (HD), lacks a standardized measurement. The Irritability Scale (IS), tailored for HD, has patient and informant versions, but variable interrater agreement has been reported frequently in previous studies. To enhance the clinical utility of the IS, this study aimed to identify the most reliable components estimating the underlying construct and develop a shortened version for time-limited contexts. METHODS: Participant and informant/observer concordance and the relationship of individual items to the complete IS scale were assessed...

OBJECTIVE: To report clinical outcomes of patients who presented with new-onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE), developed drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE), and were treated with responsive neurostimulation (RNS). METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of patients implanted with RNS at our institution and identified three who originally presented with NORSE. Through chart review, we retrieved objective and subjective information related to their presentation, workup, and outcomes including patient-reported seizure frequency...

OBJECTIVES: Polygenic scores (PGS) for sleep disturbances and depressive symptoms in an epidemiological cohort were contrasted. The overlap between genes assigned to variants that compose the PGS predictions was tested to explore the shared genetic bases of sleep problems and depressive symptoms. METHODS: PGS analysis was performed on the São Paulo Epidemiologic Sleep Study (EPISONO, N = 1042), an adult epidemiological sample. A genome wide association study (GWAS) for depression grounded the PGS calculations for Beck Depression Index (BDI), while insomnia GWAS based the PGS for Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)...

Personality research is of relevance because it provides insights into the psychological strengths and vulnerabilities of a person. Korsakoff's syndrome (KS) is a severe neuropsychiatric disorder following acute thiamine deficiency, usually as a consequence of alcohol-use disorders. Research on personality traits of KS patients is currently limited. The aim of the current exploratory study was therefore to examine the personality traits and problems of KS patients. We assessed self-reported and informant-reported personality traits and problems in institutionalized KS patients ( n  = 30)...