keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38488477/mitochondrial-genomes-of-pleistocene-megafauna-retrieved-from-recent-sediment-layers-of-two-siberian-lakes
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Peter Andreas Seeber, Laura Batke, Yury Dvornikov, Alexandra Schmidt, Yi Wang, Kathleen Stoof-Leichsenring, Katie Moon, Samuel H Vohr, Beth Shapiro, Laura S Epp
Ancient environmental DNA (aeDNA) from lake sediments has yielded remarkable insights for the reconstruction of past ecosystems, including suggestions of late survival of extinct species. However, translocation and lateral inflow of DNA in sediments can potentially distort the stratigraphic signal of the DNA. Using three different approaches on two short lake sediment cores of the Yamal peninsula, West Siberia, with ages spanning only the past hundreds of years, we detect DNA and identified mitochondrial genomes of multiple mammoth and woolly rhinoceros individuals-both species that have been extinct for thousands of years on the mainland...
March 15, 2024: ELife
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38448533/will-these-reprogrammed-elephant-cells-ever-make-a-mammoth
#2
Ewen Callaway
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
March 6, 2024: Nature
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38378172/genomic-analyses-capture-the-human-induced-demographic-collapse-and-recovery-in-a-wide-ranging-cervid
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Camille Kessler, Aaron B A Shafer
The glacial cycles of the Quaternary heavily impacted species through successions of population contractions and expansions. Similarly, populations have been intensely shaped by human pressures such as unregulated hunting and land use changes. White-tailed and mule deer survived in different refugia through the Last Glacial Maximum, and their populations were severely reduced after the European colonisation. Here, we analysed 73 re-sequenced deer genomes from across their North American range to understand the consequences of climatic and anthropogenic pressures on deer demographic and adaptive history...
February 20, 2024: Molecular Biology and Evolution
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38356049/taxonomic-and-metabolic-diversity-of-actinomycetota-isolated-from-faeces-of-a-28-000-year-old-mammoth
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Doris A van Bergeijk, Hannah E Augustijn, Somayah S Elsayed, Joost Willemse, Victor J Carrión, Chao Du, Mia Urem, Lena V Grigoreva, Maksim Y Cheprasov, Semyon Grigoriev, Hans Jansen, Bas Wintermans, Andries E Budding, Herman P Spaink, Marnix H Medema, Gilles P van Wezel
Ancient environmental samples, including permafrost soils and frozen animal remains, represent an archive with microbial communities that have barely been explored. This yet unexplored microbial world is a genetic resource that may provide us with new evolutionary insights into recent genomic changes, as well as novel metabolic pathways and chemistry. Here, we describe Actinomycetota Micromonospora, Oerskovia, Saccharopolyspora, Sanguibacter and Streptomyces species were successfully revived and their genome sequences resolved...
February 2024: Environmental Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38316967/use-of-hare-bone-for-the-manufacture-of-a-clovis-bead
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Todd A Surovell, McKenna L Litynski, Sarah A Allaun, Michael Buckley, Todd A Schoborg, Jack A Govaerts, Matthew J O'Brien, Spencer R Pelton, Paul H Sanders, Madeline E Mackie, Robert L Kelly
A tubular bone bead dating to ~ 12,940 BP was recovered from a hearth-centered activity area at the La Prele Mammoth site in Converse County, Wyoming, USA. This is the oldest known bead from the Western Hemisphere. To determine the taxonomic origin of the bead, we extracted collagen for zooarchaeology by mass spectrometry (ZooMS). We also used micro-CT scanning for morphological analysis to determine likely skeletal elements used for its production. We conclude that the bead was made from a metapodial or proximal phalanx of a hare (Lepus sp...
February 5, 2024: Scientific Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38295167/rope-making-in-the-aurignacian-of-central-europe-more-than-35-000-years-ago
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nicholas J Conard, Veerle Rots
Evidence for the manufacture and use of fiber technology such as rope and twine is rare in the Paleolithic, despite the widely held view that such artifacts were in regular use during the Pleistocene. On the basis of the discovery of a more than 35,000-year-old perforated baton made from mammoth ivory at Hohle Fels Cave in Ach Valley of southwestern Germany together with experimental studies, we are now able to demonstrate one way people of the early Upper Paleolithic manufactured rope. This work contributes to our understanding of the evolution of technology, cooperative work, and Paleolithic social organization...
February 2, 2024: Science Advances
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38236965/a-mammoth-s-life-story-written-in-tusk
#7
Michael Price
The travels of "Elma" show she faced twin pressures-climate change and human hunting.
January 19, 2024: Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38232155/a-female-woolly-mammoth-s-lifetime-movements-end-in-an-ancient-alaskan-hunter-gatherer-camp
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Audrey G Rowe, Clement P Bataille, Sina Baleka, Evelynn A Combs, Barbara A Crass, Daniel C Fisher, Sambit Ghosh, Charles E Holmes, Kathryn E Krasinski, François Lanoë, Tyler J Murchie, Hendrik Poinar, Ben Potter, Jeffrey T Rasic, Joshua Reuther, Gerad M Smith, Karen J Spaleta, Brian T Wygal, Matthew J Wooller
Woolly mammoths in mainland Alaska overlapped with the region's first people for at least a millennium. However, it is unclear how mammoths used the space shared with people. Here, we use detailed isotopic analyses of a female mammoth tusk found in a 14,000-year-old archaeological site to show that she moved ~1000 kilometers from northwestern Canada to inhabit an area with the highest density of early archaeological sites in interior Alaska until her death. DNA from the tusk and other local contemporaneous archaeological mammoth remains revealed that multiple mammoth herds congregated in this region...
January 19, 2024: Science Advances
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38202372/phenotypic-variations-and-bioactive-constituents-among-selected-ocimum-species
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sintayehu Musie Mulugeta, Zsuzsanna Pluhár, Péter Radácsi
Basil ( Ocimum species) represents an extraordinary group of aromatic plants that have gained considerable economic importance, primarily due to their essential oils, which have applications in medicine, culinary, and perfumery. The Ocimum genus encompasses more than 60 species of herbs and shrubs originally native to tropical regions. This genus stands out for its remarkable diversity, displaying a wide spectrum of variations in phenotype, chemical composition, and genetic makeup. In addition to genetic factors, the growth, development, and essential oil production of basil are also influenced by environmental conditions, ontogeny, and various other factors...
December 24, 2023: Plants (Basel, Switzerland)
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38197424/primary-prevention-of-cardiovascular-disease-in-women
#10
REVIEW
M P Gray, B Vogel, R Mehran, J A Leopold, G A Figtree
Ischemic heart disease is the primary cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in both men and women. Strategies targeting traditional modifiable risk factors are essential - including hypertension, smoking, dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus - particularly for atherosclerosis, but additionally for stroke, heart failure and some arrhythmias. However, challenges related to education, screening and equitable access to effective preventative therapies persist, and are particularly problematic for women around the globe and those from lower socioeconomic groups...
February 2024: Climacteric: the Journal of the International Menopause Society
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38186790/-oxidative-stress-a-new-target-in-the-management-of-diabetes-mellitus
#11
REVIEW
Ashok K Das, Sanjay Kalra, Hitesh Punyani, Swapnil Deshmukh, Santosh Taur
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic condition that poses a mammoth challenge for the healthcare system in developing as well as developed nations. Diabetes mellitus is associated with damage to the vasculature which leads to microvascular and macrovascular complications. Oxidative stress is a consequence of glucotoxicity and lipotoxicity, which are associated with diabetes. Glucotoxicity and lipotoxicity play a part in the pathogenesis of β-cell dysfunction. The hyperglycemic state in DM leads to oxidative stress which further hampers insulin secretion...
November 2023: Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38109965/a-scientific-version-of-understanding-why-did-the-chickens-cross-the-road-a-guided-journey-through-bacillus-spp-towards-sustainable-agriculture-circular-economy-and-biofortification
#12
REVIEW
Yogeswaran Jagadeesan, Shanmugapriya Meenakshisundaram, Suthakaran Pichaimuthu, Anandaraj Balaiah
The world, a famished planet with an overgrowing population, requires enormous food crops. This scenario compelled the farmers to use a high quantity of synthetic fertilizers for high food crop productivity. However, prolonged usage of chemical fertilizers results in severe adverse effects on soil and water quality. On the other hand, the growing population significantly consumes large quantities of poultry meats. Eventually, this produces a mammoth amount of poultry waste, chicken feathers. Owing to the protein value of the chicken feathers, these wastes are converted into protein hydrolysate and further extend their application as biostimulants for sustained agriculture...
December 16, 2023: Environmental Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38106758/mammoth-bilateral-ovarian-serous-cyst-adenomas-in-a-postmenopausal-woman-a-rare-case-report
#13
Ivan Novakov, Pavel Timonov, Antoaneta Fasova
Serous cyst adenomas account for about 40% of all ovarian tumors and most commonly are diagnosed in middle-aged women. The aim of this publication is to present an extremely rare case of mammoth bilateral cyst adenomas in a postmenopausal woman, occupying the pelvis and the most of abdominal cavity. A 67-year-old obese woman was presented to our emergency department with abdominal pain. Ultrasound and computed tomography of the abdomen verified two huge cystic masses. Exploration of the abdominal cavity by laparotomy established two intact giant cystic masses with ovarian origin...
November 2023: Curēus
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38078866/a-matching-adjusted-indirect-comparison-of-the-efficacy-of-elranatamab-versus-physician-s-choice-of-treatment-in-patients-with-triple-class-exposed-refractory-multiple-myeloma
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Isha Mol, Yannan Hu, Thomas W LeBlanc, Joseph C Cappelleri, Haitao Chu, Guido Nador, Didem Aydin, Alex Schepart, Patrick Hlavacek
INTRODUCTION: For patients with triple-class exposed/refractory multiple myeloma (TCE/R MM), prognosis is poor and effective treatment options are limited. Elranatamab is a novel B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA)- and CD3-directed bispecific antibody which was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in August 2023 and demonstrated safety and efficacy in patients with TCE/R MM in the phase 2, single-arm MagnetisMM-3 trial (NCT04649359). To compare the effectiveness of elranatamab vs physician's choice of treatment (PCT) in the absence of head-to-head comparative data, a matching-adjusted indirect comparison (MAIC) was conducted...
December 11, 2023: Current Medical Research and Opinion
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37731192/seek-and-you-shall-find-news-on-the-quest-for-novel-pet-degrading-enzymes
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anna Faber, Georg Fritz
Plastic-degrading enzymes hold immense potential for eco-friendly recycling methods. However, the catalytic rates of current enzymes do not stack up against the mammoth task of degrading millions of tons of plastic waste per year. In the quest for more efficient polyethylene terephthalate (PET)-degrading enzymes, Zhang et al. report the discovery and characterization of PET40, a versatile PET-hydrolyzing esterase that is divergent from most characterized PETases. While PET40 has comparably low hydrolytic activity on PET, Zhang et al...
September 20, 2023: FEBS Journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37718384/temperature-variability-during-the-growing-season-affects-the-quality-attributes-of-table-grapes-in-pothwar-insight-from-a-new-emerging-viticulture-region-in-south-asia
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rizwan Rafique, Touqeer Ahmad, Muhammad Azam Khan, Mukhtar Ahmed
Rising air temperature due to climate change has posed a mammoth challenge to global viticulture and key berry quality traits are compromised. Exploring the effects of seasonal temperature variability on berry ripening and quality attributes in different viticulture regions may help in sustainable viticulture industry. The present research was designed to explore the effect of temperature variables on key quality attributes of table grape cultivars in Pothwar region of Pakistan. Key berry quality traits such as total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), maturity indices (MI), ascorbic acid, sugars, total polyphenol contents (TPC) and total anthocyanin contents (TAC) were unlocked for four important table grape cultivars under varying environmental conditions at Chakwal and Islamabad districts for two consecutive vintages of 2019 and 2020...
September 18, 2023: International Journal of Biometeorology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37607485/evolution-untangling-the-woolly-mammoth
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alfred L Roca
Twenty-two woolly mammoth genomes have been compared to those of living elephants, identifying genes under strong evolutionary pressure in mammoths, including genes associated with curly, wiry, thick, bushy, coarse, uncombable and (of course) woolly hair.
August 21, 2023: Current Biology: CB
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37585227/a-new-discovery-in-the-permafrost-of-yakutia-sheds-light-on-the-nasal-horn-morphology-of-the-woolly-rhinoceros
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ruslan I Belyaev, Gennady G Boeskorov, Maksim Yu Cheprasov, Natalya E Prilepskaya
Extinct woolly rhinoceroses were iconic representatives of the Late Pleistocene mammoth fauna of Eurasia. These animals were characterized by two huge keratinous horns. In adults, the length of the nasal horn often exceeded one meter. The nasal horn of Coelodonta was characterized by an unusual feature for rhinoceroses-the width of its base was considerably narrower than the width of the rugosity area on the nasal bones of the skull. In this study, a new discovery of woolly rhinoceros' nasal horn in the permafrost of Yakutia is described...
September 2023: Journal of Morphology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37558802/a-36-200-year-old-carving-from-grotte-des-gorges-amange-jura-france
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Francesco d'Errico, Serge David, Hélène Coqueugniot, Christian Meister, Ewa Dutkiewicz, Romain Pigeaud, Luca Sitzia, Didier Cailhol, Mathieu Bosq, Christophe Griggo, Jehanne Affolter, Alain Queffelec, Luc Doyon
The earliest European carvings, made of mammoth ivory, depict animals, humans, and anthropomorphs. They are found at Early Aurignacian sites of the Swabian Jura in Germany. Despite the wide geographical spread of the Aurignacian across Europe, these carvings have no contemporaneous counterparts. Here, we document a small, intriguing object, that sheds light on this uniqueness. Found at the Grotte des Gorges (Jura, France), in a layer sandwiched between Aurignacian contexts and dated to c. 36.2 ka, the object bears traces of anthropogenic modifications indicating intentional carving...
August 9, 2023: Scientific Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37463654/a-genetic-glimpse-of-the-chinese-straight-tusked-elephants
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Haifeng Lin, Jiaming Hu, Sina Baleka, Junxia Yuan, Xi Chen, Bo Xiao, Shiwen Song, Zhicheng Du, Xulong Lai, Michael Hofreiter, Guilian Sheng
Straight-tusked elephants (genus: Palaeoloxodon ) including their island dwarf forms are extinct enigmatic members of the Pleistocene megafauna and the most common Pleistocene elephants after the mammoths. Their taxonomic placement has been revised several times. Using palaeogenomic evidence, previous studies suggested that the European P. antiquus has a hybrid origin, but no molecular data have been retrieved from their Asian counterparts, leaving a gap in our knowledge of the global phylogeography and population dynamics of Palaeoloxodon ...
July 2023: Biology Letters
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