Headache childhood

BACKGROUND: Chronic migraine (CM) negatively impacts the quality of life of 2 to 4% of pediatric patients. In adults, CM is frequently linked to medication overuse headache (MOH), but there is a much lower prevalence of MOH in children. A suboptimal response to acute therapies may lead to their reduced use, thus preventing MOH development in children and adolescents. The frequency of patients with CM who do not respond to acute therapies was examined in the present study. We investigated whether the prevalence of MOH was different between responders and non-responders...

BACKGROUND: Pediatric migraine prophylaxis is indicated when headaches are frequent and/or disabling. We aimed to conduct a study to compare the efficacy of cinnarizine and amitriptyline in pediatric migraine prophylaxis. METHODS: In a randomized, double-blind trial, patients aged 4-17 years with migraine who were eligible for prophylaxis enrolled. The primary outcome was a reduction response rate of ≥50% with p  < 0.005 with respect to headache characteristics...

IMPORTANCE: Somatic symptoms are a major concern among the pediatric population because of frequency and burden. The association between adverse childhood experiences and somatic symptoms in adults is well established but less is known concerning somatic symptoms in young people. OBJECTIVE: To explore the frequency and intensity of somatic symptoms in children and adolescents exposed to traumatic events. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cross-sectional study was conducted from January 1 to December 31, 2021, at the Nice Pediatric Psychotrauma Referral Center in Nice, France...

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is one characteristic manifestation of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD). A previously healthy man presented with retro-orbital headache and urinary retention 14 days after Tdap vaccination. Brain and spine MRI suggested a CNS demyelinating process. Despite treatment with IV steroids, he deteriorated, manifesting hemiparesis and later impaired consciousness, requiring intubation. A repeat brain MRI demonstrated new bilateral supratentorial lesions associated with venous sinus thrombosis, hemorrhage, and midline shift...

PURPOSE: This study evaluates the recent trends in ocular morbidities and vision-related practices in "out-of-school" children in urban slums of Gurugram in North India. METHODS: In this observational study, a validated questionnaire was administered to 161 students from two nonformal slum schools. Sociocultural, demographic data, vision-related practices, and visual acuity with subjective refraction of the children were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 80 boys and 81 girls (9...

Dyslexia and pain have recently been shown to correlate on a genetic level, but there has been little exploration of this association on the phenotypic level despite reports of increased pain in Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) which commonly co-occurs with dyslexia. In this study we test for an association between reading ability, which is the primary feature of dyslexia, and pain both in childhood and adulthood. Logistic regression modelling was used to test associations between reading ability in childhood and pain from childhood to midlife in a large UK birth cohort; the 1958 National Child Development Study...

Vasculitis refers to heterogeneous clinicopathologic disorders that share the histopathology of inflammation of blood vessels. Unrecognized and therefore untreated, vasculitis of the nervous system leads to pervasive injury and disability making this a disorder of paramount importance to all clinicians. Headache may be an important clue to vasculitic involvement of central nervous system (CNS) vessels. CNS vasculitis may be primary, in which only intracranial vessels are involved in the inflammatory process, or secondary to another known disorder with overlapping systemic involvement...

Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis (BBE) is a rare autoimmune disease characterized by the subacute onset of bilateral external ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, and decreased level of consciousness. BBE is part of a group of rare autoimmune diseases in children that can affect the nervous system at any level. The onset of neurological deficits is often sudden and nonspecific. The diagnosis is based on clinical findings and abnormal findings on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), electroencephalography (EEG), electromyography (EMG), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)...

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever is a rickettsial disease caused by the bacteria Rickettsia rickettsii. In Brazil, the disease is known as Brazilian spotted fever (BSF), being the most significant tick-borne disease in the country. Among the affected patients, only 5% of cases occur in children aged one to nine years. Typical symptoms of the disease are fever, rash, headache and digestive symptoms. Neurological manifestations such as seizures, aphasia and hemiparesis have been described in few patients. This study aimed to describe the case of an infant diagnosed with BSF who presented severe signs of neurological manifestation...

BACKGROUND: Craniopharyngiomas (CPs) are rare tumours of the sellar region often leading to significant comorbidities due to their close proximity to critical structures. Aim of this study was to analyse survival outcome and late toxicities after surgery and proton beam therapy (PBT) in childhood CPs. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Within the prospective XXXX study (XXXX), data of 74 childhood patients with CP, receiving PBT between 08/2013-06/2022 were eligible. Late toxicities were analysed according to the grading system of CTCAE 4...

BACKGROUND: Gangliogliomas account for 0.4% of primary brain tumors. They mainly occur in the supratentorial compartment and typically affect only children and young adults. We present an especially rare case of cerebellar ganglioglioma in an elderly patient. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 76-year-old Japanese woman presented with headache and nausea from 1 month previously. She had been diagnosed with a cerebellar tumor in her childhood, but the lesion was asymptomatic at that time, and there was no evidence of an increase in size, so it had been monitored without surgery...

INTRODUCTION: Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory condition, often beginning in childhood in approximately one-third of cases. It can be associated with various other autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, celiac disease, and thyroid disorders. However, its co-occurrence with Van Wyk Grumbach syndrome has not been described in the pediatric population. This syndrome, resulting from untreated hypothyroidism, is characterized by early puberty and ovarian cysts. OBSERVATION: A 15-year-old adolescent with a diagnosis of psoriasis since the age of 9 presented with chronic constipation and headaches...

Colpocephaly is the disproportionate enlargement of the occipital horns of the lateral ventricles. It is usually diagnosed in the neonatal period or early childhood due to symptom severity. Adult cases of colpocephaly are rarely reported and often incidentally diagnosed. We report a case of colpocephaly with partial agenesis of the corpus callosum in a 30-year-old female with no past medical history. The patient presented after a syncopal episode with associated complaints of dizziness, vomiting, and chronic intermittent headaches...

BACKGROUND: Migraine is the most common primary headache in children. Neuromediators and deterioration in circadian rhythm and sleep disorders can play a role in the etiology of migraines. AIM: To determine the serum melatonin levels of children with migraine and the relationship between melatonin and childhood migraine. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-five children aged between 10 and 18 years with migraine as the case group and 35 healthy children of similar age and sex as the control group were included in the study...

INTRODUCTION: Diffuse leptomeningeal glioneuronal tumor (DLGNT), a new addition to the 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) classification, is a rare childhood neoplasm presenting with disseminated leptomeningeal enhancement and an occasional intraparenchymal mass. Diagnosis is often impeded by infectious/immunological differentials, necessitating a biopsy to confirm the diagnosis. We report an adult male with DLGNT without hydrocephalus, which is rare in patients with cerebellar masses...

BACKGROUND: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is the treatment of people infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) using anti-HIV drugs. The standard treatment consists of a combination of drugs (often called highly active antiretroviral therapy or HAART) that suppress HIV replication. As a result, people who have been infected live longer while on ART, which was initiated in South Africa in 2004. AIM: The study aimed to explore the experiences of adolescents on antiretroviral therapy in two primary health care clinics in Rustenburg sub-district Northwest Province...

OBJECTIVES: The current study aimed to examine the potential transgenerational associations between maternal pain and depressiveness and childhood pain, and to explore the associations between the children's difficulties and recurrent pain (defined as pain occurring at least once a month in the previous 6 month) in healthy children aged 3-13 years. METHODS: We collected Data between 2015 and 2019 as part of the LIFE Child study in Germany and investigated associations of maternal pain and depressiveness, child age, sex, pubertal stage, emotional difficulties, conduct difficulties, hyperactivity/inattention, peer group difficulties, and prosocial skills, and family socioeconomic status with the frequency of parent-perceived headache, backache, and stomachache in a sample of 1,850 children (4,819 documented visits) using logistic and ordinal regression analyses...

Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is a rare disorder, resulting from loss-of-function variants of the ALPL gene encoding non-tissue specific alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP). Presentation varies largely, with increased severity usually occurring with earlier disease onset. Here we describe the clinical improvement of a 57-year-old woman with childhood onset HPP, after initiating treatment with asfotase alfa (Strensiq®). This was started because of the rapid and progressive radiological deterioration of bone structure after placement of nails in both upper legs for spontaneous atypical femur fracture (AFF) - like fractures...

Tectal gliomas represent a subset of low-grade tumors that arise in the tectal region at the roof of the brainstem. Symptoms of tectal glioma include those caused by increased intracranial pressure due to obstructive hydrocephalus. Headache, blurred vision, double vision, nausea and vomiting are common symptoms. In the treatment, ETV (endoscopic third ventriculostomy) or VP-shunt (ventriculoperitoneal) can be applied to treat hydrocephalus. Tectal gliomas are usually diagnosed in childhood and often occur in adults...

Successful management of migraine in childhood and adolescence starts with making the correct diagnosis, assessing the impact of migraine on the child/adolescent's quality of life including impact on education, family life, and social activities. Understanding the child's and family's concerns and reasons for seeking medical advice is an important starting point in the management plan. Pharmacological treatment should go hand-in-hand with appropriate advice on maintaining a healthy life style, avoidance of triggers and aggravating factors, and exploring comorbid disorders that may influence response to treatment...