Decellularized matrix

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess the characterization of human acellular amniotic membrane (HAAM) using various decellularization methods and their impact on the proliferation and differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). The goal was to identify scaffold materials that are better suited for pulp regeneration. METHODS: Six different decellularization methods were used to generate the amniotic membranes. The characteristics of these scaffolds were examined through hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and immunohistofluorescence staining (IHF)...

BACKGROUND: Human donor skin is processed to make the acellular dermis matrix (ADM) for tissue repair and regeneration. There is no data on the viscoelastic properties of ADM at room and subzero temperatures. OBJECTIVE: The work evaluated the temperature dependence of viscoelastic properties of freeze-dried ADM. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Donor skin was de-epidermized, de-cellularized and freeze-dried with trehalose as the lyo-protectant. Glass transition of freeze-dried ADM was measured by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), and viscoelastic properties were examined by dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA)...

The development of new three-dimensional (3D) biomaterials with advanced versatile properties is critical to the success of tissue engineering (TE) applications. Here, (a) bioactive decellularized tendon extracellular matrix (dECM) with a sol-gel transition feature at physiological temperature, (b) halloysite nanotubes (HNT) with known mechanical properties and bioactivity, and (c) magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) with superparamagnetic and osteogenic properties were combined to develop a new scaffold that could be used in prospective bone TE applications...

Biomimetic scaffolds imitate native tissue and can take a multidimensional form. They are biocompatible and can influence cellular metabolism, making them attractive bioengineering platforms. The use of biomimetic scaffolds adds complexity to traditional cell cultivation methods. The most commonly used technique involves cultivating cells on a flat surface in a two-dimensional format due to its simplicity. A three-dimensional (3D) format can provide a microenvironment for surrounding cells. There are two main techniques for obtaining 3D structures based on the presence of scaffolding...

The distinctive three-dimensional architecture, biological functionality, minimal immunogenicity, and inherent biodegradability of small intestinal submucosa extracellular matrix materials have attracted considerable interest and found wide-ranging applications in the domain of tissue regeneration engineering. This article presents a comprehensive examination of the structure and role of small intestinal submucosa, delving into diverse preparation techniques and classifications. Additionally, it proposes approaches for evaluating and modifying SIS scaffolds...

Radiation therapy (RT) is essential for triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) treatment. However, patients with TNBC continue to experience recurrence after RT. The role of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of irradiated breast tissue in tumor recurrence is still unknown. In this study, we evaluated the structure, molecular composition, and mechanical properties of irradiated murine mammary fat pads (MFPs) and developed ECM hydrogels from decellularized tissues (dECM) to assess the effects of RT-induced ECM changes on breast cancer cell behavior...

Tendon regeneration is greatly influenced by the oxidant and the inflammatory microenvironment. Persistent inflammation during the tendon repair can cause matrix degradation, tendon adhesion, and excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), while excessive ROS affect extracellular matrix remodeling and tendon integration. Herein, we used tannic acid (TA) to modify a decellularized tendon slice (DTS) to fabricate a functional scaffold (DTS-TA) with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties for tendon repair...

Jaw defects, which can result from a multitude of causes, significantly affect the physical well-being and psychological health of patients. The repair of these infected defects presents a formidable challenge in the clinical and research fields, owing to their intricate and diverse nature. This study aims to develop a personalized bone tissue engineering scaffold that synergistically offers antibacterial and osteogenic properties for treating infected maxillary defects. This study engineered a novel temperature-sensitive, sustained-release hydrogel by amalgamating β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) with chlorhexidine (CHX) and a decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM)...

There is currently an urgent need to develop engineered scaffolds to support new adipose tissue formation and facilitate long-term maintenance of function and defect repair to further generate prospective bioactive filler materials capable of fulfilling surgical needs. Herein, adipose regeneration methods were optimized and decellularized adipose tissue (DAT) scaffolds with good biocompatibility were fabricated. Adipose-like tissues were reconstructed using the DAT and 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, which have certain differentiation potential, and the regenerative effects of the engineered adipose tissues in vitro and in vivo were explored...

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the biomechanical properties, cell migration, and revascularization of the acellular dermal matrix Epiflex. As a decellularized, freeze-dried human skin graft, Epiflex has broad applications in medical fields, particularly in implantology and dentistry. Understanding its biomechanical characteristics is crucial for its clinical adoption as a novel soft tissue graft option. METHODS: Epiflex (n = 3) was evaluated in comparison to palatal tissue from body donors (n = 3)...

The skin barrier is essential to prevent pathogenic invasion. When injury occurs, multiple biological pathways are promptly activated and wound repair processes are triggered. The effective healing of wounds is essential to our survival, and dysfunction could result from aberrant wound repair. Preparation of many hydrogels, which involve the addition of growth/cell factors or mimic extracellular matrix (ECM) components, has not resulted in significant advances in tissue recovery. ECM contains a large number of biologically active molecules that activate a variety of cellular transduction pathways, which are essential for wound repair...

Extracellular matrix (ECM) is an intricate structure providing the microenvironment niche that influences stem cell differentiation. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of decellularized ECM derived from human dental pulp stem cells (dECM_DPSCs) and gingival-derived mesenchymal stem cells (dECM_GSCs) as an inductive scaffold for osteogenic differentiation of GSCs. The proteomic analysis demonstrated that common and signature matrisome proteins from dECM_DPSCs and dECM_GSCs were related to osteogenesis/osteogenic differentiation...

The osteoarthritic (OA) environment within articular cartilage poses significant challenges, resulting in chondrocyte dysfunction and cartilage matrix degradation. While intra-articular injections of anti-inflammatory drugs, biomaterials, or bioactive agents have demonstrated some effectiveness, they primarily provide temporary relief from OA pain without arresting OA progression. This study presents an injectable cartilage-coating composite, comprising hyaluronic acid and decellularized cartilage matrix integrated with specific linker polymers...

Patients diagnosed with T1a cancer undergo partial nephrectomy to remove the tumors. In the process of removing the tumors, loss of kidney volume is inevitable, and current surgical methods focus solely on hemostasis and wound closure. Here, we developed an implantable form of decellularized extracellular matrix sponge to target both hemostasis and wound healing at the lesion site. A porous form of kidney decellularized matrix was achieved by fabricating a chemically cross-linked cryogel followed by lyophilization...

Corneal damage contributes to blindness in millions of people. Simulating natural corneas with artificial corneas is challenging due to material and manufacturing limitations, including poor mechanical properties, complex manufacturing processes, and ocular histocompatibility. In this study, electrospun micro-nanofibrous decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) is combined with digital light processing 3D bioprinting and validated as a bioartificial cornea for the first time. Electrospinning gives the material a controllable shape, and the electrospun micro-nanofibrous dECM, with preserved inherent biochemical components, can better mimic the natural ECM native microenvironment...

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a noncellular component of tissues that provides structural and biochemical support to cells. The purpose of decellularization is to provide a tissue-specific niche to preserve the architecture, composition, and signaling molecules of the ECM. The current protocol discusses the standardization of chondrocyte isolation and the preparation of acellular ECM as a bioink additive from human native articular cartilage. Isolated chondrocytes with bioink additives provide a tissue-specific microenvironment...

The prevalence of infertility caused by endometrial defects is steadily increasing, posing a significant challenge to women's reproductive health. In this study, injectable "homing-like" bioactive decellularized extracellular matrix short-fibers (DEFs) of porcine skin origin are innovatively designed for endometrial and fertility restoration. The DEFs can effectively bind to endometrial cells through noncovalent dipole interactions and release bioactive growth factors in situ. In vitro, the DEFs effectively attracted endometrial cells through the "homing-like" effect, enabling cell adhesion, spreading, and proliferation on their surface...

The tissue-specific heart decellularized extracellular matrix (hdECM) demonstrates a variety of therapeutic advantages, including fibrosis reduction and angiogenesis. Consequently, recent research for myocardial infarction (MI) therapy has utilized hdECM with various delivery techniques, such as injection or patch implantation. In this study, a novel approach for hdECM delivery using a wet adhesive paintable hydrogel is proposed. The hdECM-containing paintable hydrogel (pdHA_t) is simply applied, with no theoretical limit to the size or shape, making it highly beneficial for scale-up...

BACKGROUND: The extracellular matrix isolated from adipose tissue, known as acellular adipose matrix (AAM), represents a novel biomaterial. AAM functions as a scaffold that not only supports stem cell proliferation and differentiation but also induces adipogenesis and angiogenesis. This study aims to investigate the volumetric effects and microenvironmental changes associated with injectable AAM in comparison to conventional fat grafting. METHODS: AAM was manufactured from fresh human abdominoplasty fat using a mechanically modified method and then transformed into an injectable form...

INTRODUCTION: Massive bone allografts enable the reconstruction of critical bone defects in numerous conditions (e.g. tumoral, infection or trauma). Unfortunately, their biological integration remains insufficient and the reconstruction may suffer from several postoperative complications. Perfusion-decellularization emerges as a tissue engineering potential solution to enhance osseointegration. Therefore, an intrinsic vascular study of this novel tissue engineering tool becomes essential to understand its efficacy and applicability...