humidified heated high flow oxygen

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of early high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) and low-flow oxygen support (LFOS) in children under 5 years with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF) due to severe community-acquired pneumonia in low-middle-income countries. METHODS: An open-label randomized clinical trial enrolled children aged 2-59 months with AHRF due to severe community-acquired pneumonia and randomized into HFNC and LFOS. In the LFOS group, the patient received cold wall oxygen humidified by bubbling through sterile water administered through simple nasal prongs at a fixed flow rate of 2 L/min...

BACKGROUND: Bronchiolitis is a common lower respiratory tract illness, usually of viral aetiology, affecting infants younger than 24 months of age and is the most common cause of hospitalisation of infants. It causes airway inflammation, mucus production and mucous plugging, resulting in airway obstruction. Effective pharmacotherapy is lacking and bronchiolitis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Conventional treatment consists of supportive therapy in the form of fluids, supplemental oxygen, and respiratory support...

High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) has recently emerged as a crucial therapeutic strategy for hypoxemic patients both in acute and chronic settings. Indeed, HFNC therapy is able to deliver higher fractions of inspired oxygen (FiO2 ) with a heated and humidified gas flow ranging from 20 up to 60 L per minute, in a more comfortable way for the patient in comparison with Conventional Oxygen Therapy (COT). In fact, the flow keeps the epithelium of the airways adequately moisturized, thus positively affecting the mucus clearance...

Moving from an era of invasive ventilation to that of non-invasive respiratory support, various modalities have emerged resulting in improved neonatal outcomes. Respiratory distress is the commonest problem seen both in preterm and term neonates, and the use of appropriate respiratory support could be lifesaving. This article reviews the currently available non-invasive ventilation (NIV) strategies in neonates including nasal continuous positive airway pressure, nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV), bi-level CPAP, heated humidified high flow nasal cannula, nasal high-frequency ventilation (NHFV) and non-invasive neutrally adjusted ventilatory assist (NIV-NAVA)...

Pulse oximetry is widely used in all intensive care units and in surgical monitoring and has the advantage of being noninvasive. Here, we report a 1.5 kg male neonate born via lower segment cesarean section at 5:00 pm. At birth, the patient had respiratory distress, mild subcostal retractions, minimal nasal flaring, and grunt audible with a stethoscope (Silverman-Anderson Score: 3) and was kept in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) with oxygen by heated humidified high-flow nasal cannula for observation of about 24 hours with a saturation probe connected to the right foot, due to which baby was found to have redness and swelling of the right foot with fluid-filled blebs on the palmar and dorsal surface in the morning at 8:00 am (18 hours of life), suggesting a second-degree burn...

High-flow oxygen therapy (HFOT) is a respiratory support system, through which high flows of humidified and heated gas are delivered to hypoxemic patients. Several mechanisms explain how HFOT improves arterial blood gases and enhances patients' comfort. Some mechanisms are well understood, but others are still unclear and under investigation. HFOT is an interesting oxygen-delivery modality in perioperative medicine that has many clinical applications in the intensive care unit (ICU) and the operating room (OR)...

BACKGROUND: The high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) is a relatively recent method that provides high-flow, heated, humidified gas delivery. OBJECTIVES: We compared HFNC (group HF) and conventional nasal cannula (NC) (group CO) during deep sedation with propofol and remifentanil for endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). DESIGN: Single-center, retrospective observational cohort study. METHODS: In this study, a total of 159 cases were analyzed (group CO, 71 and group HF, 88)...

Neurologic outcome from out-of-hospital pediatric cardiac arrest remains poor. Although therapeutic hypothermia has been attempted in this patient population, a beneficial effect has yet to be demonstrated, possibly because of the delay in achieving target temperature. To minimize this delay, we developed a simple technique of transnasal cooling. Air at ambient temperature is passed through standard nasal cannula with an open mouth to produce evaporative cooling of the nasal passages. We evaluated efficacy of brain cooling with different airflows in different size piglets...

BACKGROUND: With the advances in neonatal intensive care, the survival rate of extremely preterm infants is increasing. However, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remains a major cause of morbidity among infants in this group. This study examined the changes in respiratory support modalities, specifically heated humidified high-flow nasal cannula (HHHFNC), and their association with BPD incidence among preterm infants born at < 29 weeks of gestation. METHOD: This population-based retrospective cohort study included infants born at < 29 weeks of gestation between 2016 and 2020...

Transmission of human adenovirus (HAdV) infection and the associated clinical disease can be sporadic or epidemic and manifestations may range from mild infection to severe disease. HAdV has been seen to behave as a proinflammatory virus that can trigger the release of high levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in children. Here, we report an unusual case of an infant with HAdV infection who presented with respiratory illness, with a protracted course, complicated with hyperinflammation and multi-system involvement with clinical characteristics mimicking multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and Kawasaki disease...

IMPORTANCE: Respiratory distress syndrome and feeding intolerance are common conditions that are often associated with preterm infants. Showing similar efficacy, nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) and heated humidified high-flow nasal cannula (HHHFNC) are the most widespread noninvasive respiratory support (NRS) in neonatal intensive care units, but their effect on feeding intolerance is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of NCPAP vs HHHFNC on high-risk preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome...

Since the patient's airway is shared between an anesthesiologist and a surgeon, airway management during upper airway surgery can be challenging. Beyond the conventional method of general anesthesia, high-flow nasal oxygenation (HFNO) has recently been used as a key technique for tubeless anesthesia. HFNO provides humidified, heated oxygen up to 70 L/min, which promises improved oxygenation and ventilation, allowing for prolonged apneic oxygenation. In previous physiological and clinical studies, HFNO has been demonstrated that tubeless anesthesia safely provide an uninterrupted surgical field during laryngeal surgeries...

BACKGROUND: Bronchiectasis is the consequence of chronic bronchial inflammation, inappropriate mucus clearance, bacterial colonization, and recurrent or chronic infection. High flow therapy (HFT) is a type of non-invasive respiratory therapy, usually delivered through a nasal cannula interface (HFNC). It delivers heated and humidified air with a stable fraction of inspired oxygen and a wide range of possible flow rates. AIM OF THE STUDY: Determine the effectiveness of HFNC as add-on therapy in adult primary and secondary bronchiectasis with frequent acute exacerbations (AEs) and/or hospitalizations...

OBJECTIVE/BACKGROUND: Moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is highly prevalent in children with obesity and/or underlying medical complexity. The first line of therapy, adenotonsillectomy (AT), does not cure OSA in more than 50% of these children. Consequently, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the main therapeutic option but adherence is often poor. A potential alternative which may be associated with greater adherence is heated high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy; however, its efficacy in children with OSA has not been systematically investigated...

BACKGROUND: Nasal high flow (nHF) therapy provides heated, humidified air and oxygen via two small nasal prongs, at gas flows of more than 1 litre/minute (L/min), typically 2 L/min to 8 L/min. nHF is commonly used for non-invasive respiratory support in preterm neonates. It may be used in this population for primary respiratory support (avoiding, or prior to the use of mechanical ventilation via an endotracheal tube) for prophylaxis or treatment of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)...

Acute viral bronchiolitis (AVB) is the leading cause of hospital admissions among infants in developed and developing countries and associated with increased morbidity and cost of treatment. This review was performed to guide the clinicians managing AVB in light of evidence accumulated in the last decade. We searched published English literature in last decade regarding etiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of AVB using PubMed and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Respiratory syncytial virus is the most common causative agent...

High-flow therapy (HFT) is the administration of gas flows above 15 L/min. It is a non-invasive respiratory support that delivers heated (up to 38 °C), humidified (100% Relative Humidity, RH; 44 mg H2 O/L Absolute Humidity, AH), oxygen-enriched air when necessary, through a nasal cannula or a tracheostomy interface. Over the last few years, the use of HFT in critically ill hypoxemic adults has increased. Although the clinical benefit of home high-flow therapy (HHFT) remains unclear, some research findings would support the use of HHFT in chronic respiratory diseases...

Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics and the risk factors of severe human metapneumovirus (hMPV)-associated community acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children. Methods: A retrospective case summary was conducted. From December 2020 to March 2022, 721 children who were diagnosed with CAP and tested positive for hMPV nucleic acid by PCR-capillary electrophoresis fragment analysis of nasopharyngeal secretions at the Yuying Children's Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University were selected as the research objects...

Oxygen therapy is the first-line treatment for hypoxemic acute respiratory failure. In veterinary medicine this has traditionally been provided via mask, low-flow nasal oxygen cannulas, oxygen cages and invasive positive pressure ventilation. Traditional non-invasive modalities are limited by the maximum flow rate and fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2 ) that can be delivered, variability in oxygen delivery and patient compliance. The invasive techniques are able to provide higher FiO2 in a more predictable manner but are limited by sedation/anesthesia requirements, potential complications and cost...

BACKGROUND: High-flow nasal oxygenation is an oxygen delivery method by which high concentrations of heated humidified oxygen are supplied via the nasal cavity. This study aimed to investigate the effect of high-flow nasal oxygenation on gastric volume change in adult patients undergoing laryngeal microsurgery under tubeless general anesthesia with neuromuscular blockade. METHODS: Patients aged 19-80 years with an American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status 1 or 2 who were scheduled to undergo laryngoscopic surgery under general anesthesia were recruited...