pre participation screening

The COVID-19 pandemic imposed additional and specific challenges on the lives and wellbeing of informal unpaid carers. Addressing an important gap in the existing literature, this systematic review (prospectively registered with PROSPERO CRD42022376012) synthesises and evaluates the quantitative evidence examining the association between unpaid caregiving and mental health (compared to non-caring), during the pandemic. Five databases were searched (Medline, PsycInfo, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science) from Jan 1, 2020, to March 1, 2023...

PURPOSE: SCUBA diving exposes participants to a unique hyperbaric environment, but few studies have examined the effects of such an environment on intraocular pressure (IOP) and glaucoma. This systematic review aims to consolidate recent literature findings regarding the impact of increased atmospheric pressure on IOP and glaucoma. METHODS: Three online databases were searched to identify publications encompassing the subjects of diving or increased atmospheric pressure in conjunction with IOP or glaucoma...

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that is associated with anxiety and depression. Few studies have addressed interventions for symptoms of anxiety and depression in this population. To determine the efficacy of interventions for anxiety and depression in patients with AD. PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsycINFO were searched from inception to November 2023. English-language studies published in peer-reviewed journals evaluating the effect of interventions on anxiety and/or depression using validated assessment tools on patients with AD were included...

INTRODUCTION: Pre-eclampsia (PE) affects about 5% of Chinese pregnant women and is a major cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. The first trimester screening model developed by the Fetal Medicine Foundation, which uses the Bayes theorem to combine maternal characteristics and medical history together with measurements of biomarkers, has been proven to be effective and has superior screening performance to that of the traditional risk factor-based approach for the prediction of PE...

Animacy plays a key role for human cognition, which is also reflected in the way humans process language. However, while experiments on sentence processing show reliable effects of animacy on word order and grammatical function assignment, effects of animacy on conjoined noun phrases (e.g., fish and shoe vs. shoe and fish) have yielded inconsistent results. In the present study, we tested the possibility that effects of animacy are outranked by reading and writing habits. We examined adult speakers of German (left-to-right script) and speakers of Arabic (right-to-left script), as well as German preschool children who do not yet know how to read and write...

BACKGROUND: Peginterferon-α (PegIFNα) is of limited utility during immunotolerant (IT) or immune active (IA) phases of chronic hepatitis B infection but is being explored as part of new cure regimens. Low/absent levels of IFNα found in some treated patients are associated with limited/no virological responses. AIM: To determine if sera from participants inhibit IFNα activity and/or contain therapy-induced anti-IFNα antibodies. METHODS: Pre-, on- and post-treatment sera from 61 IT trial participants on PegIFNα/ entecavir therapy and 88 IA trial participants on PegIFNα/tenofovir therapy were screened for anti-IFNα antibodies by indirect ELISA...

INTRODUCTION: Pretreatment drug resistance (PDR) could occur in antiretroviral treatment (ART) naïve individuals, those previously exposed to ART, or individuals re-initiating ARV after a long period of interruption. Few studies have shown its association with virological outcomes, although inconsistent. The objective of this review was to provide a synthesis of the association between PDR and virological outcomes (virological failure or suppression). METHODS: This report is presented following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines...

INTRODUCTION: Despite malnutrition being established as a well-known risk for postoperative complications, the lack of screening for nutritional risk remains a challenge. The aim of this study was to investigate whether self-screening for nutritional risk prior to surgery is feasible in a home setting and if it will increase number of patients screened for nutritional risk, and secondly, to compare their screening results with the "in-hospital assessments" conducted by healthcare professionals...

UNLABELLED: This study validated an app-based developmental and speech language screening (SRESHT screener) conducted by Grass Roots Workers (GRWs) among children below six years of age in a rural community in the state of Tamil Nadu (the field). METHOD: The study was carried out in two phases, first the training of GRWs and then the validation of the screening conducted by them using the app. For the training, suitable materials were developed, and the GRW's knowledge and skills were evaluated pre- and post-training...

PURPOSE: The available evidence regarding the role of fruit and vegetable consumption in the development of colorectal polyps remains inconclusive, and there is a lack of data on different histopathologic features of polyps. We aimed to evaluate the associations of fruit and vegetable consumption with the prevalence of colorectal polyps and its subtypes in a high-risk population in China. METHODS: We included 6783 Chinese participants aged 40-80 years who were at high risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) in the Lanxi Pre-colorectal Cancer Cohort (LP3C)...

BACKGROUND: Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the main causative agent of tuberculosis. BCG, the only licensed vaccine, provides inadequate protection against pulmonary tuberculosis. Controlled human infection models are useful tools for vaccine development. We aimed to determine a safe dose of aerosol-inhaled live-attenuated Mycobacterium bovis BCG as a surrogate for M tuberculosis infection, then compare the safety and tolerability of infection models established using aerosol-inhaled and intradermally administered BCG...

INTRODUCTION AND AIM: Breast cancer is one of the significant causes of mortality in India, ranking second only to cervical cancer among women. Annually, the country has witnessed the detection of 200,000 new cases, with 60% identified in the early stages. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a health education intervention program designed to enhance knowledge about breast cancer among women in rural Karnataka. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A descriptive study design was employed and a total of 320 women were selected through multi-stage sampling...

BACKGROUND: There is no vaccine against the major global pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis; its different serovars cause trachoma in the eye or chlamydia in the genital tract. We did a clinical trial administering CTH522, a recombinant version of the C trachomatis major outer membrane molecule, in different dose concentrations with and without adjuvant, to establish its safety and immunogenicity when administered intramuscularly, intradermally, and topically into the eye, in prime-boost regimens...

BACKGROUND: Recurrent/Metastatic Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (RM-NPC) remains difficult to treat and contributes to considerable mortality. The first-line treatment for RM-NPC is Gemcitabine and Cisplatin and second-line treatment options differ. The endemic variant of NPC is associated with Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV). Therefore, Cell-based Immunotherapy (CBI) targeting EBV-specific RM-NPC may be effective. METHODS: We systematically searched PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library for randomised or observational studies investigating the efficacy and safety of CBI in the treatment of RM-NPC...

Behavioural Activation (BA)-a brief therapy based on the scheduling of enjoyable, purposeful and rewarding activities-is an effective and cost-effective treatment for depression in adults that shows promise for children and adolescents. We provide an update on a previous systematic review of evidence on BA-delivered in-person, telephone, or online-for depression and comorbid anxiety in children and adolescents. We conducted systematic literature searches in 6 databases up to February 2024. We included all study designs evaluating BA with participants up to 18 years old with diagnosable depression, as established by a validated screening tool or diagnostic manual...

BACKGROUND: Preterm birth is the child birth before 37 completed weeks .Prematurity is one of the leading causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality due to the complications associated with it. The objective of the study was to determine the maternal risk factors associated with all preterm birth in singleton pregnancy at National hospital. METHODS: Hospital based unmatched case control study was conducted between March 2021 to December 2021 at National hospital, Thimphu, Bhutan...

BACKGROUND: Video-demonstrated action-observation-execution is an effective intervention for motor re-learning in stroke rehabilitation. But customization of video for each task repeatedly questions its feasibility within limited resources, particularly for daily routine practice and in community settings. Physiotherapist-demonstrated action-observation-execution is a practical intervention based on the principle of observation and consecutive repetitions of observed real, live movements...

The twenty-first century has seen the development and delivery of online programs of behavioral family intervention for disruptive child behavior. Typically, programs evaluate outcomes in terms of change in child functioning and change in parenting ability. Existing research has also articulated the importance of parent-child relational capacity and its role in facilitating change in child functioning, and the importance of parent emotion regulation in the interests of ensuring optimal child development. These factors were explored in a meta-analysis of k = 14 prospective longitudinal research studies of online parenting interventions for disruptive child behavior...

Pre-participation screening and management of congenital cardiac valvulopathy in competitive athletes can be challenging, particularly within the context of ultra-endurance disciplines. A 55-year-old female athlete without a reported history of cardiac disease exhibited clinical signs of cardiogenic pulmonary edema during a 156 km ultra-trail race. The echocardiographic assessment revealed the presence of a parachute mitral valve, with no evidence of mitral stenosis or regurgitation at rest, but it demonstrated severe dynamic mitral stenosis during exercise...

CONTEXT: We previously reported that sequential teriparatide followed by denosumab substantially increases BMD in premenopausal idiopathic osteoporosis (PremenIOP). OBJECTIVE: To determine whether administration of bisphosphonates after denosumab cessation is associated with stable BMD in PremenIOP. DESIGN: Open-label extension study. PARTICIPANTS: 24 PremenIOP Teriparatide-Denosumab Study participants. INTERVENTIONS: Oral alendronate (ALN), 70mg weekly, or IV zoledronic acid (ZOL), 5mg once (patient choice), was administered 7 months (M) after final denosumab dose...