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Aims: To create longitudinal trajectories and reference percentiles for performance in self-care of children with cerebral palsy (CP). Methods: Participants were 708 children with CP, 18 months through 11 years of age and their parents residing in 10 regions across Canada and the United States. Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels were determined by consensus between parents and therapists. Parents' completed the Performance in Self-Care domain of the Child Engagement in Daily Life Measure two to five times at 6-month intervals...

BACKGROUND: Health for people with cerebral palsy (CP) must extend beyond physical impairments to include social, environmental, and psychological factors that are rarely captured by quantitative research alone. This qualitative study sought to explore the lived experience of young people with CP with their physical, mental, and emotional health in the context of a larger longitudinal Canadian study focusing on brain function, physical and mental health, and well-being. METHODS: An integrated research team (including people with CP or other impairments, clinicians, and researchers) was formed to study participant-identified research needs...

Aims: To determine changes in physical caregiving for parents of children with cerebral palsy (CP) over a two-year period based on children's gross motor function level and age. Methods: 153 parents of children with CP rated their physical caregiving using the Ease of Caregiving for Children three times over two years. Parents and assessors classified children's gross motor function using the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS). Physical caregiving was compared at three test times among parents of children grouped by GMFCS level (I, II-III, and IV-V) and age (1...

BACKGROUND: A good understanding of developmental trajectories is crucial for making prognoses, planning interventions, and monitoring progress in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy. Our study aimed to describe developmental trajectories of mobility and self-care capability in a large sample of children and adolescents with cerebral palsy from the Netherlands and Canada. METHODS: We did longitudinal data analyses of cohorts from the Netherlands (Pediatric Rehabilitation Research in the Netherlands; PERRIN) and Ontario, Canada (Adolescent Study of Quality of Life, Mobility, and Exercise; ASQME)...

Purpose : To re-validate stability and hierarchal ordering of items, test-retest reliability, and construct validity of the Ease of Caregiving for Children measure for parents of children with cerebral palsy (CP) up to 11 years of age. Methods : Participants were 613 parents of children with CP between 1.5 and 11 years of age. Parents completed Ease of Caregiving for Children and both parents and therapists classified children's levels of gross motor, manual and communication functions. Results : Rasch analysis indicated acceptable fit of items, stable item calibration, and logical ordering of items by difficulty...

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AIMS: Individualized goals are the foundation for physical therapy services and outcomes. This research describes school-based physical therapists' (PTs) experiences and perceptions of how student goals impact services and outcomes. METHODS: Twenty school-based PTs participated in one of five semi-structured focus groups on goal development and use. Therapists were recruited from 113 therapists who participated in a study of school-based physical therapy outcomes...

Purposes: First, to describe how young adults with cerebral palsy (CP) experience lifecourse health development, and second, to create key messages for pediatric health service providers to promote children's capacities for future adult roles and healthy adult living. Methods: Interpretive description qualitative design. Participants were a purposive sample of 23 young adults with CP, 25-33 years of age, who varied in functional abilities, education, living, and work situations. Three experienced interviewers conducted 50-60 min interviews...

Engaging youth with disabilities and families in research is critical in facilitating knowledge utilization to impact processes and outcomes of services and interventions. Organizations such as INVOLVE in the United Kingdom, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute in the United States advocate for engaging stakeholders in all aspects of the research process. Despite these efforts, there is a need for research to identify best practices and approaches for stakeholder engagement in research as current descriptions around processes are lacking...

AIM: To determine whether a collaborative intervention process facilitates parent-therapist interactions. METHODS: Participants were 18 children with physical disabilities, their mothers, and 16 physical therapists. Therapists randomized to the experimental group were instructed in strategies for collaboration (working together) with parents in goal setting, planning, and implementing interventions. Family-therapist dyads participated in 6 weekly sessions. Four sessions were videotaped and combined (1st and 2nd for goal-setting/planning, 3rd and 5th for implementation) to code behaviors using Response Class Matrix...

PURPOSE: To identify child, family, and service determinants of playfulness of young children with cerebral palsy. METHODS: Participants were 429 children, 18-60 months. Children were divided into two groups, Gross Motor Function Classification System levels I-II and III-V. Therapists collected data on body functions and gross motor function; parents provided information about children's health conditions and adaptive behavior, family life, and services. One year after the beginning of the study, therapists assessed children's playfulness...

AIM: To determine the stability of the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), Manual Ability Classification System (MACS), and Communication Function Classification System (CFCS) over 1-year and 2-year intervals using a process for consensus classification between parents and therapists. METHOD: Participants were 664 children with cerebral palsy (CP), 18 months to 12 years of age, one of their parents, and 90 therapists. Consensus between parents and therapists on level of function was ≥92% for the GMFCS, MACS, and CFCS...

PURPOSE: To establish the construct validity and internal consistency of the Arabic Children Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment (CAPE) and Preferences for Activities of Children (PAC) and to determine the effects of age, gender, and disability status on diversity and intensity of participation. METHODS: The World Health Organization guidelines for translation of measures were applied to translate the CAPE and PAC, 75 children with cerebral palsy (mean age = 10...

This literature review addressed four questions. (1) In which populations other than cerebral palsy (CP) has the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) been applied? (2) In what types of study, and why was it used? (3) How was it modified to facilitate these applications? (4) What justifications and evidence of psychometric adequacy were used to support its application? A search of PubMed, MEDLINE, and Embase databases (January 1997 to April 2017) using the terms: 'GMFCS' OR 'Gross Motor Function Classification System' yielded 2499 articles...

AIMS: To examine the effects of a four-step collaborative intervention process on parent and child outcomes and describe parents' and therapists' experiences. METHODS: Eighteen children with physical disabilities, their mothers, and 16 physical therapists participated. Therapists randomized to the experimental group were instructed in the collaborative intervention process. All family-therapist dyads participated in six weekly sessions. Outcomes included the adapted Family Empowerment Scale (FES) and Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM)...

AIMS: The primary aim of this study was to determine the effect of age, sex, gross motor, manual ability, and communication functions on the frequency and enjoyment of children's participation in family and recreational activities. The secondary aim was to determine the relationships between motor and communication functions and participation. METHODS: Participants were 694 children, 1.5-12 years old, with cerebral palsy (CP) and their parents across the US and Canada...

AIMS: Understanding parent perceptions of family-centered care (FCC) is important to improve processes and outcomes of children's services. OBJECTIVE: A systematic review and meta-analysis of research on the Measures of Processes of Care (MPOC-20) were performed to determine the extent parents of children with physical disabilities perceive they received FCC. METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using four databases. A total of 129 studies were retrieved; 15 met the criteria for the synthesis...

The application of physiological strength electric fields may produce a wide range of effects on cells. The mechanisms by which cells detect the presence of these fields, however, are not fully understood. Previous experiments have shown that directionality of cells in the field is governed by an electromechanical mechanism in which the field exerts a torque on the negatively charged, inner glycocalyx that is then transmitted as a force on the cytoskeleton. This mechanism is similar to that by which cells detect fluid shear forces...

BACKGROUND: Family-centred practices emphasize professional supports for forming partnerships with families in early intervention. The Measure of Processes of Care for Service Providers (MPOC-SP) measures the perceptions of paediatric service providers in supporting children and families. This study aimed to establish reliability of the Chinese version of the MPOC-SP (C-MPOC-SP) and to examine professional perceptions of family-centred practices in relation to professional discipline and years of experience...

AIM: To examine participation-preference congruence, regional differences in participation-preference congruence, and predictors of whether children with cerebral palsy participate in preferred activities. METHOD: The sample (n=236) included 148 males and 88 females aged 10 to 13 years, living in Victoria, Australia (n=110), Ontario (n=80), or Quebec (n=46), Canada. Ninety-nine (41.9%) were classed at Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level I; 89 (37...