Blood purification

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) comprise a heterogeneous population of myeloid origin and immature state, whose hallmark is the capacity to suppress T cells and other immune populations. In mice, the first approach to identify MDSCs relies in the measurement of their phenotypical markers: CD11b and GR-1. In addition, two main subtypes of MDSCs have been defined based on the expression of the following markers: CD11b+ Ly6G- Ly6C+ (monocytic-MDSCs, M-MDSCs) and CD11b+ Ly6G+ Ly6C+/low (polymorphonuclear-MDSCs, PMN-MDSCs)...

Extracellular vesicles are shed by every cell type and can be found in any biofluid. They contain different molecules that can be utilized as biomarkers, including several RNA species which they protect from degradation. Here, we present a pipeline for the development and analysis of extracellular vesicle-associated transcriptomic biomarkers that our group has successfully applied multiple times. We highlight the key steps of the pipeline and give particular emphasis to the necessary quality control checkpoints, which are linked to numerous available guidelines that should be considered along the workflow...

CONTEXT: Mortality from severe sepsis has been declining in recent years but remains a challenge worldwide because it remains the most frequent cause of death in ICUs. High-quality nursing care during a patient's CBP can play an important role in promoting a patient's physical condition. OBJECTIVE: The study intended to explore the effects of nursing based on a humanistic care concept on continuous blood purification (CBP) treatment for patients with severe sepsis in an intensive care unit (ICU)...

Klebsiella pneumoniae , especially hypervirulent K. pneumoniae (hvKP), is a common opportunistic pathogen that often causes hospital- and community-acquired infections. Capsular polysaccharide (CPS) is an important virulence factor of K. pneumoniae . Some phages encode depolymerases that can recognize and degrade bacterial polysaccharides. In this study, the lytic bacteriophage vB_KpnP_ZK1 (abbreviated as ZK1) was isolated using serotype K1 hvKP as the host. Although amino acid sequence BLAST analysis indicated that the tail fiber protein Depo16 of phage ZK1 showed no significant similarity to any reported phage depolymerases, it displayed enzymatic activities that are characteristic of phage depolymerases...

This manuscript investigates the role of extracorporeal blood purification techniques in managing septic hyperinflammation, a critical aspect of sepsis characterized by an uncontrolled immune response leading to multiorgan dysfunction. We provide an overview of sepsis, focusing on the dynamics of immune response, the involvement of neutrophils, and the role of the endothelium in the disease's progression. It evaluates the effectiveness of various blood purification methods, including high-cut-off membranes, high-volume hemofiltration, adsorption techniques, and albumin dialysis, in removing cytokines and endotoxin and improving hemodynamic stability...

Blood purification represents a treatment option for sepsis, improving inflammation and the hyper-activated immune system. This study investigates the binding efficacy of Seraph® -100 against 108 CFU/mL of Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( P. aeruginosa ), and Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) during a simulated hemoperfusion treatment. The fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) technique was used to evaluate the bacteria reduction, whereas kinetic analysis and cultures revealed bacterial detection and counting at established time points...

INTRODUCTION: The manual single lumen alternating micro-batch hemodiafiltration (mSLAMB) system is a closed-loop dialysis system designed to provide kidney support in emergency situations (e.g., fluid overload, hyperkalemia, acidemia). If done repeatedly in small batches and at high flow rates, this system was found to achieve clearance levels comparable to traditional renal replacement therapy (RRT). METHODS: Using a porcine model, uremic toxins and exogenous fluorescent tracer concentrations were successfully lowered within just 1 hour of treatment...

The mulberry plant is a member of the Moraceae family and belongs to the Morus genus. Its entire body is a treasure, with mulberries, mulberry leaves, and mulberry branches all suitable for medicinal use. The main active ingredient in mulberries is mulberry polysaccharide. Studies have shown that polysaccharides from different parts of mulberry exhibit antioxidant, antidiabetic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and blood pressure-lowering properties. There are more studies on the biological activities, extraction methods, and structural characterization of polysaccharides from different parts of mulberry...

Snakes contain three types of phospholipase A2 (PLA2 )-inhibitory proteins in their blood, PLIα, β, and γ, which protect them from their own venom, PLA2 . PLIβ is the snake ortholog of leucine-rich α2 glycoprotein (LRG). Since autologous cytochrome c (Cyt c ) serves as an endogenous ligand for LRG, in this study, we purified snake LRGs from various snake serum samples using Cyt c affinity chromatography. All purified snake LRGs were found to be dimers linked by disulfide bonds...

Thrombus and cardiovascular diseases pose a significant health threat, and dietary interventions have shown promising potential in reducing the incidence of these diseases. Marine bioactive proteins and peptides have been extensively studied for their antithrombotic properties. They can inhibit platelet activation and aggregation by binding to key receptors on the platelet surface. Additionally, they can competitively anchor to critical enzyme sites, leading to the inhibition of coagulation factors. Marine microorganisms also offer alternative sources for the development of novel fibrinolytic proteins, which can help dissolve blood clots...

This work aimed to propose a rapid method to screen the bioactive peptides with anti-α-glucosidase activity instead of traditional multiple laborious purification and identification procedures. 242 peptides binding to α-glycosidase were quickly screened and identified by bio-affinity ultrafiltration combined with LC-MS/MS from the double enzymatic hydrolysate of black beans. Top three peptides with notable anti-α-glucosidase activity, NNNPFKF, RADLPGVK and FLKEAFGV were further rapidly screened and ranked by the three artificial intelligence tools (three-AI-tool) BIOPEP database, PeptideRanker and molecular docking from the 242 peptides...

A hydrodynamic-based microfluidic chip consisted of two function units that could not only separate tumor cells (TCs) from whole blood but also remove residual blood cells was designed. The separation of TCs was achieved by a straight contraction-expansion array (CEA) microchannel on the front end of the chip. The addition of contractive structure brought a micro-vortex like Dean vortex that promoted cell focusing in the channel, while when cells entered the dilated region, the wall-induced lift force generated by the channel wall gave cells a push away from the wall...

Blood purification, such as hemodialysis (HD), plasma exchange (PE), and hemoperfusion (HP), is widely applied in patients with organ failure (such as kidney and liver failure). Among them, HP mainly relies on porous adsorbents to efficiently adsorb accumulated metabolic wastes and toxins, thus improving purification efficiency. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), with a high porosity, large surface area, high loading capacity, and tailorable topology, are emerging as some of the most promising materials for HP...

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OBJECTIVE: To appraise the quality of guidelines on intravenous iodinated contrast media (ICM) use in patients with kidney disease, and to compare the recommendations among them. METHODS: We searched four literature databases, eight guideline libraries, and ten homepages of radiological societies to identify English and Chinese guidelines on intravenous ICM use in patients with kidney disease published between January 2018 and June 2023. The quality of the guidelines was assessed with the Scientific, Transparent, and Applicable Rankings (STAR) tool...

INTRODUCTION: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are known water pollutants leading to potential public health consequences. High blood levels of PFAS have been associated with several pathological conditions including testicular and kidney cancer. Classic extracorporeal therapies have demonstrated limited efficiency and new approaches should be explored. In this study we studied the possible role of hemoadsorption to achieve a fast, safe and effective removal of PFAS from blood in patients with high blood levels...

BACKGROUND: Left ventricular assist device (LVAD) candidates are at increased risk of immune dysregulation and infectious complications. To attenuate the elevated proinflammatory cytokine levels and associated adverse clinical outcomes, it has been postulated that extracorporeal blood purification could improve the overall survival rate and morbidity of patients undergoing LVAD implantation. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed prospectively collected data of 15 patients who underwent LVAD implantation at our center between January 2021 and March 2022...

Transfusion of stored red blood cells (RBCs) to patients is a critical component of human healthcare. Following purification from whole blood, RBCs are stored in one of many media known as additive solutions for up to 42 days. However, during the storage period, the RBCs undergo adverse chemical and physical changes that are often collectively known as the RBC storage lesion. Storage of RBCs in additive solutions modified to contain physiological levels of glucose, as opposed to hyperglycemic levels currently used in most cases, reduces certain markers of the storage lesion, although intermittent doses of glucose are required to maintain normoglycemic conditions...

Uncontrollable massive bleeding caused by trauma will cause the patient to lose a large amount of blood and drop body temperature quickly, resulting in hemorrhagic shock. This study aims to develop a hemostatic product for hemorrhage management. In this study, waste pomelo peel as raw material is chosen. It underwent processes of carbonization, purification, and freeze-drying. The obtained carbonized pomelo peel (CPP) is hydrophilic and exhibits a porous structure (nearly 80% porosity). The water/blood absorption ratio is significantly faster than the commercial Gelfoam and has a similar water/blood absorption capacity...

Immunoadsorption (IA) has proven to be clinically effective in the treatment of steroid-refractory multiple sclerosis (MS) relapses, but its mechanism of action remains unclear. We used miniaturized adsorber devices with a tryptophan-immobilized polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) gel sorbent to mimic the IA treatment of patients with MS in vitro. The plasma was screened before and after adsorption with regard to disease-specific mediators, and the effect of the IA treatment on the migration of neutrophils and the integrity of the endothelial cell barrier was tested in cell-based models...