Immersion pulmonary edema

Swimming-induced pulmonary edema (SIPE) is a rare but life-threatening acute illness that can occur in otherwise healthy athletes and individuals. Also known as immersion pulmonary edema, SIPE presents in swimmers, snorkelers, and SCUBA divers. It occurs in persons under heavy exertion in cold water temperatures, leading to coughing, shortness of breath, and sometimes blood-tinged sputum. Under these conditions, there is increased pulmonary vascular pressure, which may ultimately lead to pulmonary edema. This article synthesizes the latest data on the prevalence, pathophysiology, etiology, risks, short- and long-term complications, and the efficacy of supportive medical treatment interventions...

BACKGROUND: Immersion Pulmonary Edema (IPE) is a common and potentially serious diving accident that can have significant respiratory and cardiac consequences and, in some cases, be fatal. Our objective was to characterize cases of IPE among military trainees and recreational divers and to associate their occurrence with exposure and individual background factors such as age and comorbidity. We conducted a retrospective analysis on the medical records and diving parameters of all patients who were treated for IPE at the Hyperbaric Medicine Department of Sainte-Anne Military Hospital in Toulon, France, between January 2017 and August 2019...

BACKGROUND: Immersion pulmonary edema (IPE) is a frequent diving accident, and it is the primary cause of hospitalization for young military divers during training. The objective of this study was to identify immersion-induced parameters predicting individual susceptibility to IPE. METHODS: Eighteen experienced male divers having completed at least 100 dives were recruited. Eight divers had previously been hospitalized for IPE (IPE), and the other ten had never developed IPE (non-IPE)...

A 64-year-old patient came to the Emergency department because of dyspnea which occurred during diving in a lake. After analysis, it was concluded that it was caused by immersion pulmonary edema. This is believed to occur due to the water pressure, which leads to higher central blood volumes and thereby higher cardiac and pulmonary blood pressures, which lead to extravasation of fluid. After diuretics and oxygen supply, the patient was fully recovered.

Diving is a popular activity, largely practiced worldwide. Diving fatalities are not rare events, with drowning being the most common cause of death, followed by cardiac-related natural causes, immersion pulmonary edema and arterial gas embolism. In such cases, positive signs of drowning are not specific, depending also on the time of submersion of corpses. Moreover, drowning can be the terminal event. Over the years, measures to perform appropriate post-mortem examination in cases of diving fatalities were suggested, including the execution of post-mortem CT-scan, the use of a decompression chamber and the adoption of specific autoptic techniques...

Introduction: In order to allow the resumption of diving activities after a COVID-19 infection, French military divers are required to undergo a medical fitness to dive (FTD) assessment. We present here the results of this medical evaluation performed 1 month after the infection. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed between April 2020 and February 2021 200 records of divers suspected of COVID-19 contamination. Data collected included physical examination, ECG, blood biochemistry, chest CT scan and spirometry...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Acute pulmonary edema is a serious condition that may occur as a result of increased hydrostatic forces within the lung microvasculature or increased microvascular permeability. Heart failure or other cardiac or renal disease are common causes of cardiogenic pulmonary edema. However, pulmonary edema may even occur in young and healthy individuals when exposed to extreme environments, such as immersion in water or at high altitude. Immersion pulmonary edema (IPE) and high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) share some morphological and clinical characteristics; however, their underlying mechanisms may be different...

A rare condition that can potentially be fatal, immersion pulmonary edema (also known as swimming-induced pulmonary edema, SIPE) occurs when the lungs fill with fluid during a physically exerting swim not associated with aspiration. This case study illustrates the diagnosis and treatment of swimming-induced pulmonary edema in a healthy young male recruit undergoing training at the United States Naval Special Warfare Basic Underwater Demolition/SEAL (BUD/S) course. This case report explores the clinical presentation, pathophysiology, and management of SIPE...

Swimming-induced pulmonary edema is a leading cause of triathlon-associated emergencies and death. Cold water immersion, female sex, age>50, and wetsuit compression are associated risk factors. Pathophysiology is due to increased central blood pooling, leading to increased pulmonary capillary wedge pressure. Treatment is focused on prevention; however, recurrence is common. ( Level of Difficulty: Intermediate. ).

Hypertension is a major cardiovascular risk factor in our population. This condition is widely recognized as an exacerbating factor for several physiopathological mechanisms, especially under an intense physical effort. In this article we focus on the link between high blood pressure and risk factors in scuba diving. In particular, we illustrate how a hypertensive diver is exposed to an increased risk of acute immersion pulmonary edema, as well as cardiac death.

BACKGROUND: Water immersion skin wrinkling (WISW) has been used as a noninvasive test of a limb's sympathetic function. To date, research has not sufficiently explored this phenomenon. The primary aim of this study was to determine the impact of common individual characteristics on WISW. METHODS: Demographic information was collected on 39 apparently healthy adults varying widely in age. Each participant submerged one hand in 40°C water for 30 minutes. The degree of WISW was assessed using computer software...

INTRODUCTION: Drowning is a significant public health problem worldwide and the WHO reported that drowning is the world's third leading unintentional injury death. Nevertheless, there is still uncertainty regarding the estimate of local and global drowning deaths. In addition, the postmortem diagnosis of drowning is challenging and the physiological mechanisms of death by drowning are complex and not very well understood. PURPOSE: To analyze a large series of bodies retrieved from the water in Connecticut (U...

BACKGROUND: There are no reports of immersion pulmonary edema induced by excessive alcohol intake. We describe the case of a novice scuba diver who developed apnea due to immersion pulmonary edema during scuba diving after heavy alcohol intake. CASE PRESENTATION: A 71-year-old hypertensive man, without regular antihypertensive therapy, performed diving after excessive alcohol intake (total amount, approximately 253 g) until the night before. When swimming at a depth of 12 m, the patient experienced chest discomfort and ascended immediately but became unconscious...

Increased hydrostatic pressure as experienced during immersion and submersion has effects on the circulation. The main effect is counteracting of gravity by buoyancy, which results in reduced extravasation of fluid. Immersion in a cold liquid leads to peripheral vasoconstriction, which centralizes the circulation. Additionally, a pressure difference usually exists between the lungs and the rest of the body, promoting pulmonary edema. However, hydrostatic pressure does not exert an external compressing force that counteracts extravasation, since the increased pressure is transmitted equally throughout all tissues immersed at the same level...

Swimming-induced pulmonary oedema (SIPE) is a rare condition, where hemodynamic changes associated with immersion in water and swimming induces pulmonary oedema. Here, we report a case with a 57-year old very fit female triathlete experiencing critical lung edema during low intensity open water swimming. We speculate, that SIPE in this particular patient was caused by a combination of factors: 1) Stress-induced diastolic dysfunction, 2) tendency to vasoconstriction upon stress and 3) possibly paroxysmal atrial fibrillation induced by increased atrial pressure during the event...

BACKGROUND: Despite increasing awareness of swimming-induced pulmonary edema (SIPE), large population-based studies are lacking and the incidence is unknown. RESEARCH QUESTION: What is the incidence of SIPE in a mixed group of competitive and recreational swimmers during a large open-water swimming event? METHODS: In four consecutive years (2016-2019), a prospective cohort study was conducted during Sweden's largest open-water swimming event, Vansbrosimningen...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

INTRODUCTION: The concentration of fluid and its analysis in human skin is innately a challenge due to its continuous movement and involvement in maximum life processes. The concentration of the fluid gets affected by the diffusion of fluids through the skin, which acts as the main barrier between the human body and the external environment. Therefore, it becomes imperative to study the process and impact of the diffusion of fluids through the skin. The problem becomes more interesting when the human body is immersed in water...

INTRODUCTION: Pulmonary fluid shifts can occur while scuba diving. Such shifts, generally thought to be rare, may result in a life-threatening phenomenon known as immersion pulmonary edema (IPE). This study aims to better classify the normal physiology of diving using ultrasound (US) to determine if these fluid shifts occur routinely during commercial diving work at the NASA Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory (NBL). METHODS: Chest US was performed on commercial divers prospectively pre- and post-dive to evaluate the presence of B-lines in a total of 12 intercostal points on the anterior, posterior, and lateral chest wall...