Munesh K Harioudh, Joseph Perez, Zhenlu Chong, Sharmila Nair, Lomon So, Kevin D McCormick, Arundhati Ghosh, Lulu Shao, Rashmi Srivastava, Frank Soveg, Thomas S Ebert, Maninjay K Atianand, Veit Hornung, Ram Savan, Michael S Diamond, Saumendra N Sarkar
In response to viral infection, how cells balance translational shutdown to limit viral replication and the induction of antiviral components like interferons (IFNs) is not well understood. Moreover, how distinct isoforms of IFN-induced oligoadenylate synthetase 1 (OAS1) contribute to this antiviral response also requires further elucidation. Here, we show that human, but not mouse, OAS1 inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication through its canonical enzyme activity via RNase L. In contrast, both mouse and human OAS1 protect against West Nile virus infection by a mechanism distinct from canonical RNase L activation...
February 23, 2024: Immunity