Alison G Cole, Stefan M Jahnel, Sabrina Kaul, Julia Steger, Julia Hagauer, Andreas Denner, Patricio Ferrer Murguia, Elisabeth Taudes, Bob Zimmermann, Robert Reischl, Patrick R H Steinmetz, Ulrich Technau
Animals are typically composed of hundreds of different cell types, yet mechanisms underlying the emergence of new cell types remain unclear. Here we address the origin and diversification of muscle cells in the non-bilaterian, diploblastic sea anemone Nematostella vectensis. We discern two fast and two slow-contracting muscle cell populations, which differ by extensive sets of paralogous structural protein genes. We find that the regulatory gene set of the slow cnidarian muscles is remarkably similar to the bilaterian cardiac muscle, while the two fast muscles differ substantially from each other in terms of transcription factor profiles, though driving the same set of structural protein genes and having similar physiological characteristics...
March 29, 2023: Nature Communications