keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38378235/mucus-clears-from-the-trachea-in-a-helix-a-new-twist-to-understanding-airway-diseases
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
David Abelson, James Di Michiel, Clayton Frater, Mark Pearson, Robert Russo, Martin Wechselberger, Alice Cottee, Lucy Morgan
BACKGROUND: Mucociliary clearance (MCC) is critical to lung health and is impaired in many diseases. The path of MCC may have an important impact on clearance but has never been rigorously studied. The objective of this study is to assess the three-dimensional path of human tracheal MCC in disease and health. METHODS: Tracheal MCC was imaged in 12 ex-smokers, 3 non-smokers (1 opportunistically imaged during acute influenza and repeated after recovery) and 5 individuals with primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD)...
February 20, 2024: Thorax
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38375213/a-response-to-a-single-cadaver-study-assessing-the-efficacy-of-two-commercially-available-devices-for-airway-foreign-body-relief
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Simon John Gould
A review of the speculative conclusions and poor methodology in assessing the efficacy of the LifeVac airway clearance device.
February 2024: Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38372149/updated-epithelial-barrier-dysfunction-in-chronic-rhinosinusitis-targeting-pathophysiology-and-treatment-response-of-tight-junctions
#23
REVIEW
Zhi-Qun Huang, Jing Liu, Li-Ying Sun, Hsiao Hui Ong, Jing Ye, Yu Xu, De-Yun Wang
Tight junction (TJ) proteins establish a physical barrier between epithelial cells, playing a crucial role in maintaining tissue homeostasis by safeguarding host tissues against pathogens, allergens, antigens, irritants, etc. Recently, an increasing number of studies have demonstrated that abnormal expression of TJs plays an essential role in the development and progression of inflammatory airway diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, allergic rhinitis, and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with or without nasal polyps...
February 19, 2024: Allergy
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38370761/lytic-bacteriophages-interact-with-respiratory-epithelial-cells-and-induce-the-secretion-of-antiviral-and-proinflammatory-cytokines
#24
Paula F Zamora, Thomas G Reidy, Catherine R Armbruster, Ming Sun, Daria Van Tyne, Paul E Turner, Jonathan L Koff, Jennifer M Bomberger
Phage therapy is a therapeutic approach to treat multidrug resistant infections that employs lytic bacteriophages (phages) to eliminate bacteria. Despite the abundant evidence for its success as an antimicrobial in Eastern Europe, there is scarce data regarding its effects on the human host. Here, we aimed to understand how lytic phages interact with cells of the airway epithelium, the tissue site that is colonized by bacterial biofilms in numerous chronic respiratory disorders. We determined that interactions between phages and epithelial cells depend on specific phage properties as well as physiochemical features of the microenvironment...
February 6, 2024: bioRxiv
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38364346/diesel-exhaust-particle-exposure-exacerbates-ciliary-and-epithelial-barrier-dysfunction-in-the-multiciliated-bronchial-epithelium-models
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Eunsook Park, Bu-Yeo Kim, Seahyoung Lee, Kuk Hui Son, Jihye Bang, Se Hyang Hong, Joong Won Lee, Kyung-Ok Uhm, Hyun-Jeong Kwak, Hyun Joung Lim
Airway epithelium, the first defense barrier of the respiratory system, facilitates mucociliary clearance against inflammatory stimuli, such as pathogens and particulates inhaled into the airway and lung. Inhaled particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5 ) can penetrate the alveolar region of the lung, and it can develop and exacerbate respiratory diseases. Although the pathophysiological effects of PM2.5 in the respiratory system are well known, its impact on mucociliary clearance of airway epithelium has yet to be clearly defined...
February 15, 2024: Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38363865/cftr-is-required-for-zinc-mediated-antibacterial-defense-in-human-macrophages
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kaustav Das Gupta, James E B Curson, Abdullah A Tarique, Ronan Kapetanovic, Mark A Schembri, Emmanuelle Fantino, Peter D Sly, Matthew J Sweet
Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is an anion transporter required for epithelial homeostasis in the lung and other organs, with CFTR mutations leading to the autosomal recessive genetic disease CF. Apart from excessive mucus accumulation and dysregulated inflammation in the airways, people with CF (pwCF) exhibit defective innate immune responses and are susceptible to bacterial respiratory pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa . Here, we investigated the role of CFTR in macrophage antimicrobial responses, including the zinc toxicity response that is used by these innate immune cells against intracellular bacteria...
February 20, 2024: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38363326/-chronic-rhinosinusitis-in-people-with-cystic-fibrosis-an-up-to-date-review-from-the-perspective-of-otorhinolaryngology
#27
REVIEW
M Yılmaz Topçuoğlu, O Sommerburg, M O Wielpütz, L Wucherpfennig, S Hackenberg, J G Mainz, I Baumann
BACKGROUND: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a complex systemic disease involving numerous organ systems. With improved treatment options and increasing life expectancy of persons with CF (PwCF), extrapulmonary manifestations are coming increasingly into the focus. From birth, almost all PwCF have radiologically detectable pathologies in the upper airways attributable to CF-associated chronic rhinosinusitis (CF-CRS). OBJECTIVE: The aim of this work is to provide an up-to-date overview of CF-CRS from the otorhinolaryngology perspective and to provide the reader with background knowledge and current developments...
February 16, 2024: HNO
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38362833/short-term-effects-of-positive-expiratory-pressure-mask-on-ventilation-inhomogeneity-in-children-with-cystic-fibrosis-a-randomized-sham-controlled-crossover-study
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Simone Gambazza, Alessandra Mariani, Riccardo Guarise, Beatrice Ferrari, Federica Carta, Anna Brivio, Sofia Bizzarri, Chiara Castellani, Carla Colombo, Dario Laquintana
BACKGROUND: Can physiotherapy with a positive expiratory pressure (PEP) mask improve peripheral ventilation inhomogeneity, a typical feature of children with cystic fibrosis (cwCF)? To answer this question, we used the nitrogen multiple-breath washout (N2 MBW) test to measure diffusion-convection-dependent inhomogeneity arising within the intracinar compartment (Sacin *VT). METHODS: For this randomized, sham-controlled crossover trial, two N2 MBW tests were performed near the hospital discharge date: one before and the other after PEP mask therapy (1 min of breathing through a flow-dependent PEP device attached to a face mask, followed by three huffs and one cough repeated 10 times) by either a standard (10-15 cmH2 0) or a sham (<5 cmH2 0) procedure on two consecutive mornings...
February 16, 2024: Pediatric Pulmonology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38359553/ct-fem-of-the-human-thorax-frequency-response-function-and-3d-harmonic-analysis-at-resonance
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Arife Uzundurukan, Sébastien Poncet, Daria Camilla Boffito, Philippe Micheau
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: High-frequency chest wall compression (HFCC) therapy by airway clearance devices (ACDs) acts on the rheological properties of bronchial mucus to assist in clearing pulmonary secretions. Investigating low-frequency vibrations on the human thorax through numerical simulations is critical to ensure consistency and repeatability of studies by reducing extreme variability in body measurements across individuals. This study aims to present the numerical investigation of the harmonic acoustic excitation of ACDs on the human chest as a gentle and effective HFCC therapy...
February 9, 2024: Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38359483/naringenin-attenuated-airway-cilia-structural-and-functional-injury-induced-by-cigarette-smoke-extract-via-il-17-and-camp-pathways
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jiashuo Zhang, Weiyang Fan, Hao Wu, Yue Yao, Linlin Jin, Ruiqi Chen, Ziyan Xu, Weiwei Su, Yonggang Wang, Peibo Li
BACKGROUND: Cigarette smoke impairs mucociliary clearance via mechanisms such as inflammatory response and oxidative injury, which in turn induces various respiratory diseases. Naringenin, a naturally occurring flavonoid in grapes and grapefruit, has exhibited pharmacological properties such as anti-inflammatory, expectorant, and antioxidant properties. However, it is still unclear whether naringenin protects airway cilia from injury caused by cigarette smoke. PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the effect of naringenin on cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced structural and functional abnormalities in airway cilia and highlight the potential regulatory mechanism...
September 2, 2023: Phytomedicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38354286/hypertonic-aerosols-hydrate-airways-longer-and-reduce-acidification-risk-with-nonpermeating-cation-and-permeating-anion-salts
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ana Flavia Zuim, Aurélie Edwards, Dennis Ausiello, Deen Bhatta, David A Edwards
Background: Hyperosmolar aerosols appear to promote or suppress upper airway dysfunction caused by dehydration in a composition-dependent manner. We sought to explore this composition dependence experimentally, in an interventional human clinical study, and theoretically, by numerical analysis of upper airway ion and water transport. Methods: In a double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical study, phonation threshold pressure (PTP) was measured prenasal and postnasal inhalation of hypertonic aerosols of NaCl, KCl, CaCl2 , and MgCl2 in seven human subjects...
February 14, 2024: Journal of Aerosol Medicine and Pulmonary Drug Delivery
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38350639/-cf-lung-disease-a-german-s3-guideline-pseudomonas-aeruginosa
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Carsten Schwarz, Jutta Bend, Helge Hebestreit, Michael Hogardt, Christian Hügel, Stephan Illing, Jochen G Mainz, Ernst Rietschel, Sebastian Schmidt, Bernhard Schulte-Hubbert, Helmut Sitter, Marc Oliver Wielpütz, Jutta Hammermann, Ingo Baumann, Frank Brunsmann, Doris Dieninghoff, Ernst Eber, Helmut Ellemunter, Patience Eschenhagen, Caroline Evers, Saskia Gruber, Assen Koitschev, Julia Ley-Zaporozhan, Uta Düesberg, Hans-Joachim Mentzel, Thomas Nüßlein, Felix C Ringshausen, Ludwig Sedlacek, Christina Smaczny, Olaf Sommerburg, Sivagurunathan Sutharsan, Ralf-Peter Vonberg, Ann-Katrin Weber, Jovita Zerlik
Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is the most common autosomal recessive genetic multisystemic disease. In Germany, it affects at least 8000 people. The disease is caused by mutations in the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) gene leading to dysfunction of CFTR, a transmembrane chloride channel. This defect causes insufficient hydration of the airway epithelial lining fluid which leads to reduction of the mucociliary clearance.Even if highly effective, CFTR modulator therapy has been available for some years and people with CF are getting much older than before, recurrent and chronic infections of the airways as well as pulmonary exacerbations still occur...
February 13, 2024: Pneumologie
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38350531/quantitative-modeling-of-in-vitro-data-using-an-adverse-outcome-pathway-for-the-risk-assessment-of-decreased-lung-function-in-humans
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alain Sewer, Marja Talikka, Florian Calvino-Martin, Karsta Luettich, Anita Iskandar
In the absence of epidemiological data, there is a need to develop computational models that convert in vitro findings to human disease risk predictions following toxicant exposure. In such efforts, in vitro data can be evaluated in the context of adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) that organize mechanistic knowledge based on empirical evidence into a sequence of molecular-, cellular-, tissue-, and organ-level key events that precede an adverse outcome (AO). Here we combined data from advanced in vitro organotypic airway models exposed to combustible cigarette (CC) smoke or Tobacco Heating System (THS) aerosol with an AOP for increased oxidative stress leads to decreased lung function...
February 11, 2024: Toxicology Letters
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38347907/cystic-fibrosis-mice-are-highly-susceptible-to-repeated-acute-pseudomonas-aeruginosa-pneumonia-after-intranasal-inoculation
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mariel Manzor, Sophia Koutsogiannaki, Marco DiBlasi, Matthew Schaefers, Gregory Priebe, Koichi Yuki
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) that controls chloride current. A number of different CFTR transgenic mouse lines have been developed and subjected to both acute and chronic infection models. However, prior studies showed no substantial differences in bacterial clearance between CF and non-CF mice after single inoculations. Here, using F508del transgenic CF mice, we examined the role of repeated acute Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) infection, with the second inoculation 7 days after the first...
2024: BioMed Research International
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38347399/isolation-of-membrane-bound-mucins-from-human-bronchial-epithelial-cells
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jerome Carpenter, Mehmet Kesimer
Membrane-bound mucins constitute a large portion of the periciliary layer of lung epithelial surfaces, and thus play an important role in many aspects of innate defense. The biophysical and biochemical properties of the membrane-bound mucins have important implications for mucociliary clearance, viral penetration, and potential therapeutics delivered to the airway surface. Hence, isolating them and determining these properties is important in understanding airways disease and ultimately in developing treatments...
2024: Methods in Molecular Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38343495/lianhua-qingke-preserves-mucociliary-clearance-in-rat-with-acute-exacerbation-of-chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-by-maintaining-ciliated-cells-proportion-and-protecting-structural-integrity-and-beat-function-of-cilia
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xiaoqi Wang, Yuanjie Hao, Yujie Yin, Yunlong Hou, Ningxin Han, Yi Liu, Zhen Li, Yaru Wei, Kun Ma, Jiaojiao Gu, Yan Ma, Hui Qi, Zhenhua Jia
PURPOSE: Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (AECOPD) is a sudden worsening of symptoms in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), such as cough, increased sputum volume, and sputum purulence. COPD and AECOPD are characterized by damage to cilia and increased mucus secretion. Mucociliary clearance (MCC) functions as part of the primary innate system of the lung to remove harmful particles and pathogens together with airway mucus and is therefore crucial for patients with COPD...
2024: International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38339210/mucus-structure-viscoelastic-properties-and-composition-in-chronic-respiratory-diseases
#37
REVIEW
Michela Abrami, Alice Biasin, Fabiana Tescione, Domenico Tierno, Barbara Dapas, Annalucia Carbone, Gabriele Grassi, Massimo Conese, Sante Di Gioia, Domenico Larobina, Mario Grassi
The respiratory mucus, a viscoelastic gel, effectuates a primary line of the airway defense when operated by the mucociliary clearance. In chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs), such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and cystic fibrosis (CF), the mucus is overproduced and its solid content augments, changing its structure and viscoelastic properties and determining a derangement of essential defense mechanisms against opportunistic microbial (virus and bacteria) pathogens. This ensues in damaging of the airways, leading to a vicious cycle of obstruction and infection responsible for the harsh clinical evolution of these CRDs...
February 5, 2024: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38328187/high-ionic-strength-vector-formulations-enhance-gene-transfer-to-airway-epithelia
#38
Ashley L Cooney, Laura Marquez Loza, Kenan Najdawi, Christian M Brommel, Paul B McCray, Patrick L Sinn
UNLABELLED: A fundamental challenge for cystic fibrosis (CF) gene therapy is ensuring sufficient ransduction of airway epithelia to achieve therapeutic correction. Hypertonic saline (HTS) is frequently administered to people with CF to enhance mucus clearance. HTS transiently disrupts epithelial cell tight unctions, but its ability to improve gene transfer has not been investigated. Here we asked if increasing the concentration of NaCl enhances the transduction efficiency of three gene therapy vectors: adenovirus, AAV, and lentiviral vectors...
January 23, 2024: bioRxiv
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38320185/do-biologic-therapies-decrease-mucus-plugging-in-asthma
#39
EDITORIAL
James G Krings, David S Gierada
Asthma researchers have long recognized that abnormal mucus production and clearance play a role in the pathophysiology of asthma.1 Mucus plugs are known to be common in patients with severe asthma, and mucus plug scores, for which higher scores indicate more severe plugging, are directly correlated with airflow obstruction and markers of eosinophilic airway inflammation (i.e., higher scores or marker levels are associated with more severe obstruction). Other work has shown that mucus plugs were associated with distal deficits in regional ventilation as delineated by hyperpolarized gas magnetic resonance imaging...
October 2023: NEJM Evid
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38318660/antigen-stasis-and-airway-nitrosative-stress-in-human-primary-ciliary-dyskinesia
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Benjamin Gaston, Laura Smith, Michael D Davis, Jessica Saunders, Ivana Daniels, Amjad Horani, Steven L Brody, Olivia Giddings, Yi Zhao, Nadzeya Marozkina
INTRODUCTION: Nasal NO (nNO) is low in most Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (PCD) patients. Decreased ciliary motion could lead to antigen stasis, increasing oxidant production; and NO oxidation in the airways could both decrease gas phase NO and increase nitrosative stress. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied primary airway epithelial cells from healthy controls (HC) and PCD patients with several different genotypes. We measured antigen clearance in fenestrated membranes exposed apically to fluorescently- labeled antigen Dermatophagoiedes pteronyssinus (Derp1-f)...
February 6, 2024: American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology
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