Adolesents

Vitamin D deficiency is a globally recognized health concern, with particular prominence in specific geographies and demographics. Saudi Arabia, with its unique climatic conditions and cultural practices, has been under scrutiny regarding the prevalence of this deficiency, especially among children and adolescents. This systematic review aimed to assess the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among children and adolescents in Saudi Arabia by compiling and analyzing various studies to offer a comprehensive view of the situation...

There is limited literature examining the longitudinal stability of depressive symptoms for individuals with asthma, or how religiosity/spirituality relates to depressive symptoms across time. The present study aimed to identify the stability of and the longitudinal associations between depressive symptoms and R/S across multiple developmental periods for adolesents with asthma (N = 998) within the United States. Depressive symptoms (βrange 0.33 - 0.60) and R/S (βrange 0.26 - 0...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To review recent evidence on childhood hypertension across Africa, identifying knowledge gaps, challenges and priorities, and highlight clinical perspectives in managing primary hypertension. RECENT FINDINGS: Only 15 of the 54 African countries reported on absolute blood pressure (BP) measures, elevated BP, pre- and/or hypertension. The reported hypertension prevalence ranged between 0.0 and 38.9%, while elevated BP and/or pre-hypertnesion ranged from 2...

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS TOPIC?: There has been little to no description of sleep status among children and adolescents nationwide in recent years. WHAT IS ADDED BY THIS REPORT?: This report assesses the sleep duration and sleep patterns of children and adolescents in China. Approximately half of the adolescents did not get the recommended amount of sleep on school days, and more than half overslept on weekends. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH PRACTICE?: The importance of children and adolescents meeting recommended sleep durations needs greater emphasis, especially among older age groups and those in urban areas...

PURPOSE: This study aims to introduce the concept of communities of social media practice where more experienced users provide guidance to female novice users, enacting a form of legitimate peripheral participation to "onboard" newcomers. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: Through surveys with 968 early adolescents (average age was 13), the authors quantitatively explored sources and types of guidance for young social media users, popularity of conversation themes related to this guidance and how these conversations are associated with positive social media engagement...

BACKGROUND: An increasing prevalence of mental disorders (MDs) has been reported among children and adolescents. However, only few studies have conducted ocular examinations, including those on refractive status, in these groups of patients. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the refractive status and ocular findings in children and adolescents with MDs compared with matched controls with similar socioeconomic backgrounds. METHODS: A total of 178 participants with MDs and 200 controls were recruited between April 2021 and May 2022...

BACKGROUND: Only few longitudinal studies with high risk of bias have examined relationship between pets and adolescents' mental health. METHODS: Our prospective cohort study followed depression-free US adolescents aged 12-18, enrolled in the Growing Up Today Study from pet ownership assessment in 1999 to possible occurrence of high depressive symptoms defined based on the McKnight Risk Factor Survey between 2001 and 2003. Propensity-score-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using generalized estimating equation models...

BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS: Large-scale epidemiological and genetic research have shown that psychotic experiences in the community are risk factors for adverse physical and psychiatric outcomes. We investigated the associations of six types of specific psychotic experiences and negative symptoms assessed in mid-adolescence with well-established environmental and genetic risk factors for psychosis. STUDY DESIGN: Fourteen polygenic risk scores (PRS) and nine geographical environmental variables from 3590 participants of the Twins Early Development Study (mean age 16) were associated with paranoia, hallucinations, cognitive disorganization, grandiosity, anhedonia, and negative symptoms scales...

Background: Excessive gaming has become a psychological health issue for both gamers and their social environments. This observation holds true for western but also non-western countries such as Iran. The aim of the present study was to translate and validate a Persian version of the Game Addiction Scale 21 (GAS 21) using a sample of adolescents and adults. Methods: A total of 412 participants (mean age: 22.16 years; 55.3% females) took part in the study. They completed questionnaires covering sociodemographic information and gaming-related information, as well as the Persian version of the GAS 21, the GAS 7, the Internet Addiction Test, and the Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale...

Pediatric and adolesent patients with skin of color are seen by dermatologists for common complaints such as acne, atopic dermatitis, and traction alopecia. Combining the understanding of cultural practices, empathetic patient communication, and social implications is useful in counseling and treating pediatric and adolescent patients with skin of color.

PURPOSE: Orofacial clefts are the most common congenital malformations that affect craniofacial structures. Studies show that they have a major influence on psychological development of the patient, and on their families. A review of the literature showed a lack of specific questionnaires for children and their parents. This study investigated the impact of orofacial clefts in children on the quality of life of their parents. In addition, the results of the treatment and the quality of work of the health team members involved in this process were evaluated...

Emotional response toward menarche is a psychological problem for female adolescents. In addition menarche is considered taboo and embarrassing by female adolescents. Many female adolescents have a negative feeling and do not prepare for menarche. The purpose of this paper is to identify female adolescents' preparation and emotional response toward menarche. This study used a qualitative method including focus group discussion (FGD) and in-depth interview. FGD was carried out with five female adolescents in a school setting about female adolescents' preparations and emotional response toward menarche...

Oral focal mucinosis an oral counterpart of cutaneous focal mucinosis, is a rare disease of unknown etiology. Its pathogenesis may be due to the overproduction of hyaluronic acid by a fibroblast, at the expense of collagen production, resulting in focal myxoid degeneration of the connective tissue, primarily affecting the mucosa overlying the bone. Oral focal mucinosis occurs predonderantly in adults during the fourth and fifth decade of life, although it has been reported sparingly in children and adolescents...

A large literature documents that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms are associated with intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration among adults. However, research on this relationship among adolescents and young adults has been plagued by methodological flaws (e.g., cross-sectional designs). Thus, the purpose of the present study was to examine the longitudinal and bidirectional associations between PTSD symptoms and psychological and physical IPV perpetration from adolesence to young adulthood...

Dermatitis artefacta (DA) or artefactual skin disease (ASD) is a factitious skin disorder rarely reported in the pediatric population. Skin lesions are produced deliberately either consciously or in a dissociative state to satisfy an underlying psychological need. Children may present with acutely formed skin changes or with chronic lesions, quite often having seen other specialists during their journey. The mechanism of formation of skin lesions can vary from the application of pigment onto the skin to simulate disease or more destructive techniques like the injection of irritant substances into the skin...

Early life cues of environmental harshness and unpredictability have been hypothesized to influence within-species variation in the timing of life history transitions and the dynamics of reproductive strategies, such as investments in mating and parenting. It is also believed that adolesence is an influential developmental period for male reproductive strategies, with those who achieve greater social and sexual success during that period maintaining faster life history strategies into adulthood. If correct, such early life and post-pubertal experiences could also help shape the psychobiological pathways that mediate reproductive strategies, including the well documented physiological shifts that occur when some men become parents...

Sleep changes across the lifespan, with a delay in sleep timing and a reduction in slow wave sleep seen in adolescence, followed by further reductions in slow wave sleep but a gradual drift to earlier timing during healthy ageing. The mechanisms underlying changes in sleep timing are unclear: are they primarily related to changes in circadian processes, or to a reduction in the neural activity dependent build up of homeostatic sleep pressure during wake, or both? We review existing studies of age-related changes to sleep and explore how mathematical models can explain observed changes...

BACKGROUND: Dysmenorrhea is quite frequent and may affect the daily activities especially during the early years of adolesence. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of dysmenorrhoea, its impact, and the management strategies adopted. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was done with 356 consenting females studying at Mohiuddin Islamic University, Mirpur Azad Kashmir, between 18-25 years of age, with regular menstrual cycles and normal abdomino-pelvic ultrasound and not taking any medication...

OBJECTIVE: To explore the incidence of self-reported neck or shoulder pain (NSP) and lower back pain (LBP) among Chinese adolescents in Shanghai and identify the influencing factors for the incidences of NSP and LBP. METHODS: A total of 3 600 students were selected from 30 high schools randomly chosen from 237 regular full-time high schools registered in Shanghai. From each school, 40 students were selected from each of the tenth, eleventh and twelfth grades for a total of 120 students per school...

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