Overcrowding

Cultural ecosystem services (CES) and disservices shape landscape planning policy to a huge extent. We focus on the benefits and disbenefits associated with CES. The study aimed to explore the co-occurrence of the benefits and disbenefits associated with CES as well as the relationship between spatial and landscape characteristics and specific benefits and disbenefits. We conducted a map-based online questionnaire among visitors of two urban green spaces in Kraków, Poland (Wolski Forest and Jordan Park)...

Streptococcus equi. subsp. zooepidemicus (S. zooepidemicus) associated diseases in dogs have emerged as a significant concern over recent decades. S. zooepidemicus occurs sporadically in dog populations globally, with increased prevalence in shelters/kennels. This study used multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of 149 independent canine S. zooepidemicus isolates to assess associations between sequence type and breed, country of origin, disease severity, sampling type, year, and behaviour within an outbreak. No clear associations for breed, country, sampling type and year were determined in this study...

Birds that roam freely, particularly those that migrate, have the potential to carry a range of diseases that can be passed on to humans. The vast movement of these birds across diverse environments and urban areas can contribute to the spread of bacteria over long distances, impacting both human and animal populations. Stress, overcrowding, and human interaction can also play a role in the transmission of infectious diseases among birds and humans. Therefore, it is crucial to comprehend the intricate connections between birds, vectors, zoonotic pathogens, and the environment, especially given the increasing urbanization and emergence of zoonotic illnesses...

PURPOSE: In the first of two companion papers, we comprehensively reviewed the recent evidence in the primary literature, which addressed the increased prevalence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, late-onset or term preeclampsia, fetal overgrowth, postterm birth, and placenta accreta in women conceiving by in vitro fertilization. The preponderance of evidence implicated frozen embryo transfer cycles and, specifically, those employing programmed endometrial preparations, in the higher risk for these adverse maternal and neonatal pregnancy outcomes...

Scabies is a human ectoparasitosis caused by Sarcoptes scabei var. hominis. World-wide around 300 million patients are affected. Infants and children have the highest incidence rates. Poverty and overcrowding are social factors contributing to a higher risk of transmission and treatment failure. The leading symptom of the infestation is itch. Complications are bacterial infections that are responsible for mortality. Diagnosis is clinical. Non-invasive imaging technologies like dermoscopy can be used. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is less sensitive and specific than microscopy of skin scrapings...

BACKGROUND: Case numbers in central emergency departments (EDs) have risen during the past decade in Germany, leading to recurrent overcrowding, increased risks in emergency care, and elevated costs. Particularly the fraction of outpatient emergency treatments has increased disproportionately. Within the framework of the Optimization of emergency care by structured triage with intelligent assistant service (OPTINOFA, Förderkennzeichen [FKZ] 01NVF17035) project, an intelligent assistance service was developed...

The role of nurses in identifying and responding to family violence and violence against women has long been established. However, nurses' readiness to fully assume this role remains low due to various barriers and the sensitive nature of the subject. As part of capacity building to address this problem, an additional national qualitative learning target, i.e., to "show knowledge about men's violence against women and violence in close relationships", was introduced into the Swedish Higher Education Ordinance for nursing and seven other educational programs between 2017 and 2018...

OBJECTIVES: Proper emergency department (ED) utilization is a hallmark of population health. Emergency department overcrowding due to nonurgent visits causes increased stress to healthcare staff, higher costs, and longer wait times for more urgent cases. This study sought to better understand post pandemic reasons caregivers have when bringing in their children for nonurgent visits and devise effective interventions to improve caregiver choice for non-ED care for nonurgent conditions...

Gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) is an important species in Mediterranean aquaculture. Rapid intensification of its production and sub-optimal husbandry practices can cause stress, impairing overall fish performance and raising issues related to sustainability, animal welfare, and food safety. The advent of next-generation sequencing technologies has greatly revolutionized the study of fish stress biology, allowing a deeper understanding of the molecular stress responses. Here, we characterized for the first time, using RNA-seq, the different hepatic transcriptome responses of gilthead seabream to common aquaculture challenges, namely overcrowding, net handling, and hypoxia, further integrating them with the liver proteome and metabolome responses...

In September 2023, a surge of violence against healthcare professionals occurred in Nepal within a two-week span, despite recent legal amendments aimed at curbing such incidents. This manuscript explores whether stricter legislation effectively deters these acts. The violence is rooted in Nepal's healthcare system's inadequacies, leading to overcrowded and understaffed hospitals, patient frustration, and healthcare professional burnout. Misinformation and rumors, particularly in rural areas, can trigger outbreaks of violence, exacerbated by media sensationalism...

BACKGROUND: Emergency Department (ED) overcrowding is a global concern, with tools like NEDOCS, READI, and Work Score used as predictors. These tools aid healthcare professionals in identifying overcrowding and preventing negative patient outcomes. However, there's no agreed-upon method to define ED overcrowding. Most studies on this topic are U.S.-based, limiting their applicability in EDs without waiting rooms or ambulance diversion roles. Additionally, the intricate calculations required for these scores, with multiple variables, make them impractical for use in developing nations...

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 is a viral disease notorious for frequent worldwide outbreaks. It is difficult to control, thereby resulting in overload of the healthcare system. A possible solution to prevent overcrowding is rapid triage of patients, which makes it possible to focus care on the high-risk patients and minimize the impact of crowding on patient prognosis. METHODS: The triage algorithm assessed self-sufficiency, oximetry, systolic blood pressure, and the Glasgow coma scale...

BACKGROUND: A prolonged length of stay in an emergency department is related to lower quality of care and adverse outcomes, which are often linked with overcrowding. OBJECTIVE: Examine the influence of demographic factors on prolonged length of stay in the emergency department. METHODS: This study used a cross-sectional design. It used secondary data for all patients admitted during the specific duration at the emergency department of a governmental hospital in Saudi Arabia...

The COVID-19 pandemic caused significant social changes and challenges globally, including economic slowdown and limitation of essential services. Our study explored the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the HIV treatment experiences and lives of people living with HIV in Ghana. Between October 2021 and January 2022, we conducted four focus group discussions with 24 people living with HIV and six in-depth interviews with healthcare providers to understand the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on their lives and HIV treatment and care...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Preterm infants are more prone to poor growth and neurodevelopment. The first few weeks of life play an important role in the growth and neurodevelopment of very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants. The Vermont Oxford Network, evaluating the postnatal growth of preterm newborns, considers growth failure as body weight <10th percentile for postmenstrual age. This study aims to assess the frequency of postnatal growth failure in VLBW infants in Southwest Iran. METHODS: This descriptive analytical study was performed on VLBW infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of Imam Khomeini Hospital (Ahvaz, Iran) from September 2019 to August 2020...

BACKGROUND: The construction of the ordered health delivery system in China aims to enhance equity and optimize the efficient use of medical resources by rationally allocating patients to different levels of medical institutions based on the severity of their condition. However, superior hospitals have been overcrowded, and primary healthcare facilities have been underutilized in recent years. China has developed a new case-based payment method called "Diagnostic Intervention Package" (DIP)...

CONTEXT: Tuberculosis (TB), is a global epidemic and communicable disease that accounts for increased global mortality and morbidity. India is also marching towards the elimination of tuberculosis by 2025 with this background we conducted this study. AIMS: To identify the undiagnosed TB cases in nomadic and semi-nomadic populations of Puducherry. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: A community-based cross-sectional study was done among nomads and semi-nomads in Puducherry for four months between May 2022 to September 2022 after getting the Institute's ethical committee approval...

BACKGROUND: Nurses may make medication errors during the implementation of therapeutic interventions, which initially threaten the patient's health and safety and prolong their hospital stay. These errors have always been a challenge for healthcare systems. Given that factors such as the timing, type, and causes of medication errors can serve as suitable predictors for their occurrence, we have decided to conduct a review study aiming to investigate the prevalence of medication errors and the associated factors among Iranian nurses...

BACKGROUND: This study was designed to identify factors associated with at least one emergency department (ED) visit and those associated without consultation by a general practitioner or paediatrician (GPP) before ED visit. Levels of annual consumption of healthcare services as a function of the number of ED visit were reported. METHODS: This retrospective study focused on children < 18 years of age living in mainland France and followed for one-year after their birth or birthday in 2018...

African cities are experiencing increasing living standard disparities with limited evidence of intra-urban health disparities. Using data from the 2006-2016 Uganda Demographic and Health Surveys, we employed the UN-Habitat definition to examine slum-like household conditions in the Greater Kampala Metropolitan Area (GKMA). Subsequently, we developed a slum-like severity index and assessed its association with under-5 common morbidities and healthcare access. We also assessed the characteristics of people in slum-like household conditions...