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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yining Xie, Zijun Lu, Ian K Styles, Sanjeevini Babu Reddiar, Anthony Rj Phillips, John A Windsor, Christopher Jh Porter, Sifei Han, Natalie L Trevaskis
Dabigatran etexilate (DABE) is a lipophilic double alkyl ester prodrug of dabigatran (DAB) which is a serine protease inhibitor used clinically as an anticoagulant. Recently, translocation of serine protease enzymes, including trypsin, from the gut into the mesenteric lymph then blood has been associated with organ failure in acute and critical illnesses (ACIs). Delivery of DABE into mesenteric lymph may thus be an effective strategy to prevent organ failure in ACIs. Most drugs access the mesenteric lymph in low quantities following oral administration, as they are rapidly transported away from the intestine via the blood...
April 4, 2024: Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mamta Naik, Alexandria Lawrence, Allison Davidson, John Chapman, Dalya Ferguson, Allison L Speer, Essam Imseis
PURPOSE: The effect of different types of lipid emulsion may guide therapy of patients with intestinal failure (IF) to limit morbidity such as intestinal failure-associated liver disease (IFALD). METHODS: A retrospective chart review of pediatric patients with IF who received soybean oil lipid emulsion (SL) or mixed oil lipid emulsion (ML) was performed. Data over 1 year were collected. RESULTS: Forty-five patients received SL and 34 received ML...
April 6, 2024: Pediatric Surgery International
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rui Xu, Yanping Bi, Xiaoteng He, Yan Zhang, Xin Zhao
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Myocardial infarction has likely contributed to the increased prevalence of heart failure(HF).As a result of ventricular remodeling and reduced cardiac function, colonic blood flow decreases, causing mucosal ischemia and hypoxia of the villous structure of the intestinal wall.This damage in gut barrier function increases bowel wall permeability, leading to fluid metabolism disorder,gut microbial dysbiosis, increased gut bacteria translocation into the circulatory system and increased circulating endotoxins, thus promoting a typical inflammatory state...
April 3, 2024: Journal of Ethnopharmacology
#24
REVIEW
Randy Felber, William New, Suzanne I Riskin
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, uses the surface angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor as the site of entry into host cardiac, respiratory, intestinal, renal, and nervous system cells. Predisposing risk factors such as cardiovascular disease increase the risk of developing severe disease. Hypertension is characterized by the stimulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEis) and angiotensin 2 receptor blockers (ARBs), medications used to treat hypertension, inhibit RAAS and its downstream effects; however, they have also been shown to upregulate ACE2 receptors...
March 2024: Curēus
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Veerle E L M Gillis, Daisy Dalloyaux, Rene H M Te Morsche, Jakko van Ingen, Özcan Sir, Chantal P Rovers, Yannick Wouters, Geert J A Wanten
INTRODUCTION: Chronic intestinal failure patients (CIF) require a central venous access device (CVAD) to administer parenteral nutrition. Most serious complication related to a CVAD is a central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI). The golden standard to diagnose a CLABSI are blood cultures, however, they may require 1-5 days before getting a result. Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) for the detection of pathogen 16S/28S rRNA is a novel culture-independent molecular technique that has been developed to enhance and expedite infection diagnostics within two and a half hours...
March 19, 2024: Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hamilton J Barbosa, Yazmin Suárez Quevedo, Arlid Meneses Torres, Gustavo A Gaitán Veloza, Julio C Carranza Martínez, Daniel A Urrea-Montes, Carlos Robello-Porto, Gustavo A Vallejo
BACKGROUND: Immune response of triatomines plays an important role in the success or failure of transmission of T. cruzi. Studies on parasite-vector interaction have shown the presence of trypanolytic factors and have been observed to be differentially expressed among triatomines, which affects the transmission of some T. cruzi strains or DTUs (Discrete Typing Units). METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Trypanolytic factors were detected in the hemolymph and saliva of R...
April 2024: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Scott D Reed
Catecholamine-induced cardiomyopathy (CCM) is an entity associated with increased levels of catecholamines causing subendocardial and papillary muscle cardiomyocyte degeneration and necrosis. In 2020, 49 autopsies from early rabbit deaths in a colony used for medical device biocompatibility studies were submitted for microscopic examination. Of the 49 rabbits, 26 had histologic changes consistent with CCM. No common stressor for CCM was determined in affected rabbits. Animals were generally male, were 12-16-wk-old, and were found dead or had bloating, lethargy, and/or diarrhea...
April 2, 2024: Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Arpit Amin, Bishoy Emmanuel, Vikram Raghu, Ajai Khanna, Kyle Soltys, Rakesh Sindhi, Amit Tevar, Michael L Moritz, Abhinav Humar, George Mazariegos, Armando Ganoza
BACKGROUND: There is limited data in the literature about pediatric kidney transplant (KT) following gut transplant (GT). The purpose of this study is to highlight the technical challenges and outcomes of KT in pediatric gut recipients who developed kidney failure (KF). METHODS: A retrospective single-center study of pediatric GT recipients from January 2000 to December 2019 was performed. In total, 14 (7%) out of 206 pediatric GT recipients developed KF and were listed for KT...
May 2024: Pediatric Transplantation
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xiaolong Miao, Peng Jiang, Xiaotong Zhang, Xinqiang Li, Zelai Wu, Yuancong Jiang, Han Liu, Weixun Xie, Xinwei Li, Bingfeng Shi, Jinzhen Cai, Weihua Gong
UNLABELLED: Solid organ transplantation is a crucial treatment for patients who have reached the end stage of heart, lung, kidney, or liver failure. However, the likelihood of developing cancer post-transplantation increases. Additionally, primary malignant tumors remain a major obstacle to the long-term survival of transplanted organs. Therefore, it is essential to investigate effective therapies that can boost the immune system's ability to combat cancer and prevent allograft rejection...
April 2, 2024: Microbiology Spectrum
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Priyanka V Chugh, Emily Nes, Katherine Culbreath, Gregory Keefe, Erika M Edwards, Kate A Morrow, Danielle Ehret, Roger F Soll, Biren P Modi, Jeffrey D Horbar, Tom Jaksic
BACKGROUND: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and spontaneous intestinal perforation (SIP) affect 6-8% of extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants. SIP has lower mortality than NEC, but with similar short-term morbidity in length of stay, growth failure, and supplemental oxygen requirements. Comparative long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes have not been clarified. METHODS: Data were prospectively collected from 59 North American neonatal units, regarding ELBW infants (401-1000 g or 22-27 weeks gestational age) born between 2011 and 2018 and evaluated again at 16-26 months corrected age...
March 16, 2024: Journal of Pediatric Surgery
#31
Nasser T Almarri, Rafaat J Elsaadawy, Ahmed M Alhumaidan
Gastric ischemia is a relatively rare condition that can lead to severe or life-threatening outcomes. It can be caused by various etiological factors, including vascular occlusion, atherosclerosis, vasculitis, hypovolemic shock, cardiac failure, mesenteric ischemia, splanchnic vasoconstriction, and abdominal compartment syndrome. Furthermore, gastric dilation can be caused by volvulus and acute necrotizing gastritis. This condition may go unnoticed in the setting of intestinal obstruction. In this case report, we describe a 43-year-old female who presented with signs, symptoms, and radiological findings indicative of small bowel obstruction accompanied by a severely dilated stomach...
February 2024: Curēus
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Robert H Foerster, Georg Lamprecht, Karen Rischmüller, Peggy Berlin, Amalie Q Rousing, Mads V Sørensen, Jens Leipziger, Peder Berg
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Acid-base disturbances are common in short bowel (SB) patients due to increased intestinal bicarbonate loss. However, the resulting systemic acid load has not been quantified. Base excess is used to monitor metabolic acid-base disturbances but inadequately reflects the acid load. Our aim was to investigate the systemic acid/base load in SB-patients to obtain quantitative estimates to guide the composition of parenteral support. METHODS: We calculated total acid load in SB patients by summing 24-h urinary net acid excretion (NAE) and the provision of base equivalents in parenteral support...
March 15, 2024: Clinical Nutrition
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Stanislaw Klek, Isabel Martinez Del Rio Requejo, Gil Hardy, Liza Mei P Francisco, Osman Abbasoglu, Juan Carlos Ayala Acosta, Luis Miguel Becerra Granados, Kurt Boeykens, Sharon Carey, Michael Chourdakis, Charlene Compher, Joeri De Cloet, Sergiej Dubrov, Catalina Fuentes, Ana Karina García Sámano, María Eloisa García Velasquez, Cezanne Goos, José Guillermo Gutierrez Reyes, Lee V Joon, Andrius Klimasauskas, Regina Komsa, Zeljko Krznaric, Dina Ljubas, Claudia P Maza Moscoso, Rosa Larreategui, Liliana Mirea, Remy Meier, Ibolya Nyulasi, Irtun Oivind, Marina Panisic-Sekeljic, Kalliopi Anna Poulia, Henrik Højgaard Rasmussen, Patricia Savino, Pierre Singer, Peter Tamasi, Mehmet Uyar, Nguyen Viet Quynh Thu, Dan Waitzberg, Arved Weimann, Theodoric Wong, Jianchun Yu, Paulina Wojcik, Stephane Schneider
OBJECTIVE: Parenteral nutrition represents a therapeutic option for patients with type 3 intestinal failure. If used exclusively, parenteral nutrition has to be complete to provide all essential nutrients. The aim was to assess the availability of parenteral nutrition in all parts of the world, to better comprehend the global situation, and to prepare an action plan to increase access to parenteral nutrition. METHODS: An international survey using an electronic questionnaire was conducted in August 2019 and repeated in May 2022...
February 26, 2024: Nutrition
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mariangela Allocca, Cecilia Dell'Avalle, Alessandra Zilli, Federica Furfaro, Ferdinando D'Amico, Vipul Jairath, David T Rubin, Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet, Gionata Fiorino, Silvio Danese
BACKGROUND: The Bowel Ultrasound Score (BUSS) accurately detects therapy-related changes by using the Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn's disease (SES-CD) as the reference standard. We aimed to evaluate ultrasound remission as a treatment target and its prediction for long-term endoscopic remission. METHODS: This single-centre prospective observational study, based at a tertiary referral centre in Milan, Italy, enrolled, between March 1, 2018, and January 31, 2021, adult patients with active CD (SES-CD >2) who were starting biologics...
May 2024: EClinicalMedicine
#35
REVIEW
Niki Papapostolou, Stamatios Gregoriou, Alexander Katoulis, Michael Makris
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are used primarily in the treatment of hypertension, heart failure, and in the acute phase of myocardial infarction. Lisinopril [N2 -[(1S)-1-car-boxy-3-phenylpropyl]-L-lysyl-L-proline], enalapril [(S)-1-[N-[1-(ethoxycarbonyl)-3-phenylpropyl]-L-alanyl]-L-proline] and ramipril [2-aza-bicyclo-[3.3.0]-octane-3-carboxylic acid] are all five-membered heterocycles and three of the most prevalent ACE inhibitors in clinical use worldwide. ACE inhibitor-induced angioedema (AE) is clinically characterized by self-limited edema of the dermis and subcutaneous lipid tissue, localized on face skin, oral mucosa and tongue in most cases...
March 10, 2024: Pharmaceuticals
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Liang Xiong, Md Abul Kalam Azad, Yang Liu, Wanghong Zhang, Qian Zhu, Chengjun Hu, Jinming You, Xiangfeng Kong
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) pigs are characterized by long-term growth failure, metabolic disorders, and intestinal microbiota imbalance. The characteristics of the negative effects of IUGR at different growth stages of pigs are still unclear. Therefore, this study explored through multi-omics analyses whether the IUGR damages the intestinal barrier function and alters the colonization and metabolic profiles of the colonic microbiota in growing-finishing pigs. Seventy-two piglets (36 IUGR and 36 NBW) were allocated for this trial to analyze physiological and plasma biochemical parameters, as well as oxidative damage and inflammatory response in the colon...
February 26, 2024: Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Meri R J Varkila, Diana M Verboom, Lennie P G Derde, Tom van der Poll, Marc J M Bonten, Olaf L Cremer
BACKGROUND: Impaired intestinal barrier function can enable passage of enteric microorganisms into the bloodstream and lead to nosocomial bloodstream infections during critical illness. We aimed to determine the relative importance of gut translocation as a source for ICU-acquired enterococcal bacteremia of unknown origin. METHODS: We conducted a nested case-control study in two mixed medical-surgical tertiary ICUs in the Netherlands among patients enrolled between 2011 and 2018...
March 27, 2024: Annals of Intensive Care
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xinliang Lu, Zhengbo Song, Jiayue Hao, Xianghui Kong, Weiyi Yuan, Yingying Shen, Chengyan Zhang, Jie Yang, Pengfei Yu, Yun Qian, Gensheng Zhang, Huajun Feng, Jianli Wang, Zhenzhai Cai, Zhijian Cai
Besides participating in diverse pathological and physiological processes, extracellular vesicles (EVs) are also excellent drug-delivery vehicles. However, clinical drugs modulating EV levels are still lacking. Here, we show that proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) reduce EVs by enhancing macropinocytosis-mediated EV uptake. PPIs accelerate intestinal cell endocytosis of autocrine immunosuppressive EVs through macropinocytosis, thereby aggravating inflammatory bowel disease. PPI-induced macropinocytosis facilitates the clearance of immunosuppressive EVs from tumour cells, improving antitumor immunity...
April 2024: Journal of Extracellular Vesicles
#39
REVIEW
J Ke, L Kang
Intestinal failure is a syndrome characterized by a diminished intestinal function that is inadequate to maintain normal digestion and absorption, leading to systemic metabolic disorder and requiring long-term nutritional supplementation to sustain health and growth. Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is one of the primary causes of intestinal failure. Given the significant differences among SBS patients, nutritional treatment strategies should emphasize individualization. This review focuses on SBS, combining its anatomical and pathological characteristics, to introduce nutritional support treatment plans and experiences for patients with intestinal failure...
March 25, 2024: Zhonghua Wei Chang Wai Ke za Zhi, Chinese Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Muhammad Moman Khan, Katarzyna Sidorczuk, Juliane Becker, Adrianna Aleksandrowicz, Karolina Baraniewicz, Christina Ludwig, Aamir Ali, Robert A Kingsley, Peter Schierack, Rafał Kolenda
UNLABELLED: Escherichia coli intestinal infection pathotypes are characterized by distinct adhesion patterns, including the recently described clumpy adhesion phenotype. Here, we identify and characterize the genetic factors contributing to the clumpy adhesion of E. coli strain 4972. In this strain, the transcriptome and proteome of adhered bacteria were found to be distinct from planktonic bacteria in the supernatant. A total of 622 genes in the transcriptome were differentially expressed in bacteria present in clumps relative to the planktonic bacteria...
March 26, 2024: Microbiology Spectrum
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