keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38527807/the-brain-s-topographical-organization-shapes-dynamic-interaction-patterns-that-support-flexible-behaviour-based-on-rules-and-long-term-knowledge
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xiuyi Wang, Katya Krieger-Redwood, Baihan Lyu, Rebecca Lowndes, Guowei Wu, Nicholas E Souter, Xiaokang Wang, Ru Kong, Golia Shafiei, Boris C Bernhardt, Zaixu Cui, Jonathan Smallwood, Yi Du, Elizabeth Jefferies
Adaptive behavior relies both on specific rules that vary across situations and stable long-term knowledge gained from experience. The frontoparietal control network (FPCN) is implicated in the brain's ability to balance these different influences on action. Here, we investigate how the topographical organization of the cortex supports behavioral flexibility within the FPCN. Functional properties of this network might reflect its juxtaposition between the dorsal attention network (DAN) and the default mode network (DMN), two large-scale systems implicated in top-down attention and memory-guided cognition, respectively...
March 25, 2024: Journal of Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38527712/exploring-the-neuroprotective-role-of-physical-activity-in-cerebral-small-vessel-disease
#22
REVIEW
Maria E Anderson, Eleanor J Wind, Lisa S Robison
Cerebral Small Vessel Disease (cSVD) is a common neurological finding characterized by abnormalities of the small blood vessels in the brain. Previous research has established a strong connection between cSVD and stroke, as well as neurodegenerative disorders, notably Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other dementias. As the search for effective interventions continues, physical activity (PA) has emerged as a potential preventative and therapeutic avenue. This review synthesizes the human and animal literature on the influence of PA on cSVD, highlighting the importance of determining optimal exercise protocols, considering aspects such as intensity, duration, timing, and exercise type...
March 23, 2024: Brain Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38527298/artificial-intelligence-based-video-monitoring-of-movement-disorders-in-the-elderly-a-review-on-current-and-future-landscapes
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kye Won Park, Maryam S Mirian, Martin J McKeown
Due to global ageing, the burden of chronic movement and neurological disorders (Parkinson's disease and essential tremor) is rapidly increasing. Current diagnosis and monitoring of these disorders rely largely on face-to-face assessments utilising clinical rating scales, which are semi-subjective and time-consuming. To address these challenges, the utilisation of artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged. This review explores the advantages and challenges associated with using AI-driven video monitoring to care for elderly patients with movement disorders...
March 1, 2024: Singapore Medical Journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38526922/an-update-of-a-clinical-practice-guideline-for-the-management-of-patients-with-acute-spinal-cord-injury-recommendations-on-the-role-and-timing-of-decompressive-surgery
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Michael G Fehlings, Lindsay A Tetreault, Laureen Hachem, Nathan Evaniew, Mario Ganau, Stephen L McKenna, Chris J Neal, Narihito Nagoshi, Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar, Bizhan Aarabi, Christoph P Hofstetter, Valerie Ter Wengel, Hiroaki Nakashima, Allan R Martin, Steven Kirshblum, Ricardo Rodrigues Pinto, Rex A W Marco, Jefferson R Wilson, David E Kahn, Virginia F J Newcombe, Carl M Zipser, Sam Douglas, Shekar N Kurpad, Yi Lu, Rajiv Saigal, Uzma Samadani, Paul M Arnold, Gregory W J Hawryluk, Andrea C Skelly, Brian K Kwon
STUDY DESIGN: Clinical practice guideline development. OBJECTIVES: Acute spinal cord injury (SCI) can result in devastating motor, sensory, and autonomic impairment; loss of independence; and reduced quality of life. Preclinical evidence suggests that early decompression of the spinal cord may help to limit secondary injury, reduce damage to the neural tissue, and improve functional outcomes. Emerging evidence indicates that "early" surgical decompression completed within 24 hours of injury also improves neurological recovery in patients with acute SCI...
March 2024: Global Spine Journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38526616/tmem106b-coding-variant-is-protective-and-deletion-detrimental-in-a-mouse-model-of-tauopathy
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
George A Edwards, Caleb A Wood, Yang He, Quynh Nguyen, Peter J Kim, Ruben Gomez-Gutierrez, Kyung-Won Park, Yong Xu, Cody Zurhellen, Ismael Al-Ramahi, Joanna L Jankowsky
TMEM106B is a risk modifier of multiple neurological conditions, where a single coding variant and multiple non-coding SNPs influence the balance between susceptibility and resilience. Two key questions that emerge from past work are whether the lone T185S coding variant contributes to protection, and if the presence of TMEM106B is helpful or harmful in the context of disease. Here, we address both questions while expanding the scope of TMEM106B study from TDP-43 to models of tauopathy. We generated knockout mice with constitutive deletion of TMEM106B, alongside knock-in mice encoding the T186S knock-in mutation (equivalent to the human T185S variant), and crossed both with a P301S transgenic tau model to study how these manipulations impacted disease phenotypes...
March 25, 2024: Acta Neuropathologica
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38526146/complete-remission-with-histamine-blocker-in-a-patient-with-intractable-hyperadrenergic-postural-orthostatic-tachycardia-syndrome-secondary-to-long-coronavirus-disease-syndrome
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Felipe González-Alvarez, Bruno Estañol, Jesús Antonio González-Hermosillo, Francisco Javier Gómez-Pérez, Karla Maria Tamez-Torres, Eduardo Peña, Carlos Cantú, Erwin Chiquete, José Sifuentes-Osornio, Maria Del Carmen Alba-Lorenzo, Dulce Andrea Celestino-Montelongo, Guadalupe E Salazar-Calderón, Jose de Jesus Aceves Buendia
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has emerged as a global public health concern and its sequels have barely started to outcrop. A good percentage of patients who suffered from COVID-19 are prone to develop long-COVID or post-COVID condition (PCC), a multisystemic, heterogeneous, chronic disorder. Patients with PCC may experience diverse manifestations, of which cardiovascular and neurological symptoms are among the most frequently reported...
March 11, 2024: Journal of Hypertension
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38526084/recording-and-analyzing-multimodal-large-scale-neuronal-ensemble-dynamics-on-cmos-integrated-high-density-microelectrode-array
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Brett Addison Emery, Shahrukh Khanzada, Xin Hu, Diana Klütsch, Hayder Amin
Large-scale neuronal networks and their complex distributed microcircuits are essential to generate perception, cognition, and behavior that emerge from patterns of spatiotemporal neuronal activity. These dynamic patterns emerging from functional groups of interconnected neuronal ensembles facilitate precise computations for processing and coding multiscale neural information, thereby driving higher brain functions. To probe the computational principles of neural dynamics underlying this complexity and investigate the multiscale impact of biological processes in health and disease, large-scale simultaneous recordings have become instrumental...
March 8, 2024: Journal of Visualized Experiments: JoVE
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38525704/emerging-evidence-of-golgi-stress-signaling-for-neuropathies
#28
REVIEW
Remina Shirai, Junji Yamauchi
The Golgi apparatus is an intracellular organelle that modifies cargo, which is transported extracellularly through the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, and plasma membrane in order. First, the general function of the Golgi is reviewed and, then, Golgi stress signaling is discussed. In addition to the six main Golgi signaling pathways, two pathways that have been increasingly reported in recent years are described in this review. The focus then shifts to neurological disorders, examining Golgi stress reported in major neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease...
March 7, 2024: Neurology International
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38524836/racial-disparities-in-low-value-care-in-the-last-year-of-life-for-medicare-beneficiaries-with-neurodegenerative-disease
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Margarethe E Goetz, Cassie B Ford, Melissa A Greiner, Amy Clark, Kim G Johnson, Brystana G Kaufman, Sneha Mantri, Ying Xian, Richard J O'Brien, Emily C O'Brien, Jay B Lusk
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: There are racial disparities in health care services received by patients with neurodegenerative diseases, but little is known about disparities in the last year of life, specifically in high-value and low-value care utilization. This study evaluated racial disparities in the utilization of high-value and low-value care in the last year of life among Medicare beneficiaries with dementia or Parkinson disease. METHODS: This was a retrospective, population-based cohort analysis using data from North and South Carolina fee-for-service Medicare claims between 2013 and 2017...
April 2024: Neurology. Clinical Practice
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38524505/delayed-neurological-dysfunction-following-posterior-laminectomy-with-lateral-mass-screw-fixation-a-case-report-and-review-of-literature
#30
Rui-Zhong Yan, Chao Chen, Chu-Ran Lin, Yan-Hui Wei, Zhi-Jian Guo, Ya-Kun Li, Quan Zhang, He-Yi Shen, Hao-Lin Sun
BACKGROUND: While most complications of cervical surgery are reversible, some, such as symptomatic postoperative spinal epidural hematoma (SEH), which generally occurs within 24 h, are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Delayed neurological dysfunction is diagnosed in cases when symptoms present > 3 d postoperatively. Owing to its rarity, the risk factors for delayed neurological dysfunction are unclear. Consequently, this condition can result in irreversible neurological deficits and serious consequences...
March 6, 2024: World Journal of Clinical Cases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38524352/characteristics-and-outcomes-of-prehospital-and-emergency-department-surgical-airways
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Amanda C Mathews, Kaitlin McLeod, Aaron J Lacy, Kevin High, Jeremy Brywczynski, Jared J McKinney, Jesse O Wrenn, Ian D Jones, William B Stubblefield
OBJECTIVES: The surgical airway is a high acuity, low occurrence procedure. Data on the complications and outcomes of surgical airways are limited. Our primary objective was to describe immediate complications, late complications, and clinical outcomes of patients who underwent a surgical airway procedure in the prehospital or emergency department (ED) setting. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients ≥14 years at an academic medical center who underwent a surgical airway procedure in the ED, the prehospital setting, or at a referring ED prior to interfacility transfer...
April 2024: Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians open
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38523764/bell-s-mania-as-a-clinical-presentation-in-a-neurosurgical-setting-from-a-tertiary-care-neuropsychiatric-hospital-in-india
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Harkishan Mamtani, Shridhar Utagi, Kavish K Chaurasia, Preethi Veerappa Reddy, Rashmi Arasappa, Chandrajit Prasad, Dwarakanath Srinivas, Malla Bhaskara Rao, Harish Thippeswamy
Bell's mania is the co-occurrence of delirium and mania. We present two cases of Bell's mania in a neurosurgical setting. The first case is of a 52-year-old male who presented with holocranial headache, disorientation, and manic symptoms for five months. He was found to have suprasellar craniopharyngioma. He significantly improved with olanzapine, but re-emergence of mood symptoms was noted after surgery. The second case is of a 42-year-old male who presented with a 15-day history of seizures and disorientation...
February 2024: Indian Journal of Psychiatry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38523714/isoflurane-treatment-for-refractory-and-super-refractory-status-epilepticus-in-dogs
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Eirini Sarpekidou, Georgios Polyzois, Virginia Papageorgiou, Ioannis Savvas, Zoe Polizopoulou, George Kazakos
INTRODUCTION: Resistant epileptic episodes, such as refractory status epilepticus (RSE) and super-refractory status epilepticus (SRSE), are neurological emergencies that require immediate medical treatment. Although inhalational anesthetics, such as isoflurane (ISO), have been proposed as a means of seizure control in dogs, there is currently a lack of both experimental and clinical studies on this subject. STUDY DESIGN: This is a retrospective clinical study. METHODS: Records of dogs that received ISO for the management of RSE and SRSE during their intensive care unit (ICU) hospitalization at the Companion Animal Clinic of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki were included in the present study...
2024: Frontiers in Veterinary Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38523607/eptinezumab-for-the-preventive-treatment-of-episodic-and-chronic-migraine-a-narrative-review
#34
REVIEW
Pablo Irimia, Sonia Santos-Lasaosa, Patricia Pozo-Rosich, Rogelio Leira, Julio Pascual, José Miguel Láinez
Eptinezumab, a monoclonal antibody that targets calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), was recently approved in Europe for the prophylactic treatment of migraine in adults who have at least four migraine days a month. Eptinezumab is administered by intravenous infusion every 12 weeks. During recent months, a considerable amount of evidence from eptinezumab trials has been published. The aim of this review is to describe the existing evidence on the tolerability, safety and efficacy of eptinezumab in patients with migraine...
2024: Frontiers in Neurology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38523223/causal-relationships-between-gut-microbiota-inflammatory-cells-proteins-and-subarachnoid-hemorrhage-a-multi-omics-bidirectional-mendelian-randomization-study-and-meta-analysis
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Congzhi Yan, Yun Li
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a neurological emergency that can lead to fatal outcomes. It occurs when bleeding happens in the subarachnoid space, a small gap between the arachnoid and pia mater. This condition results from the rupture of diseased or damaged blood vessels at the brain's base or surface. This study combined various omics approaches with Mendelian randomization analysis, including MR-IVW, MR Egger, MR weight median, and MR weight mode, to generate preliminary results. It also employed reverse Mendelian randomization, treating SAH as the exposure...
March 25, 2024: Molecular Neurobiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38523141/identifying-factors-predicting-outcomes-after-major-trauma-in-older-patients-prognostic-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mayura Thilanka Iddagoda, Michelle Trevenen, Claire Meaton, Christopher Etherton-Beer, Leon Flicker
INTRODUCTION: Trauma is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in older people and it is important to determine the predictors of outcomes after major trauma in older people. METHODS: MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science and manual search of relevant papers since 1987 to February 2023 was searched. Random effects meta-analyses were performed. The primary outcome of interest was mortality and secondary outcomes were medical complications, length of stay, discharge destination, readmission, and intensive care requirement...
March 25, 2024: Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38523124/reducing-low-value-interhospital-transfers-for-mild-traumatic-brain-injury
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Aricia Shen, Nathaniel Mizraki, Marcel Maya, Sam Torbati, Shouri Lahiri, Ray Chu, Daniel Margulies, Galinos Barmparas
BACKGROUND: The modified Brain Injury Guidelines (mBIG) were developed to stratify traumatic brain injuries (TBI) and improve healthcare utilization by selectively requiring repeat imaging, ICU admission, and neurosurgical (NSG) consultation. The goal of this study is to assess safety and potential resource savings associated with the application of mBIG on interhospital patient transfers for TBI. METHODS: Adult patients with TBI transferred to our Level I trauma center from 01/2017 to 12/2022 meeting mBIG inclusion criteria were retrospectively stratified into mBIG1, mBIG2, and mBIG3 based on initial clinicoradiological factors...
March 25, 2024: Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38523120/the-sensitivity-of-limited-sequence-mri-in-identifying-pediatric-cervical-spine-injury-a-western-pediatric-surgery-research-consortium-multicenter-retrospective-cohort-study
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Caroline Melhado, Rachelle Durand, Katie W Russell, Natalya E Polukoff, John Rampton, Rajiv R Iyer, Shannon N Acker, Richele Koehler, Connor Prendergast, Nicholas Stence, Brent O'Neill, Benjamin E Padilla, Ramin Jamshidi, Jennifer A Vaughn, Jennifer S Ronecker, Leigh Selesner, Katrine Lofberg, Michael Regner, Jaclyn Thiessen, Christine Sayama, Ryan G Spurrier, Erin E Ross, Chia-Shang Jason Liu, Jason Chu, Kathryn McNevin, Catherine Beni, Bryce R H Robinson, Ken Linnau, Robert T Buckley, Stephanie D Chao, Akanksha Sabapaty, Elizabeth Tong, Laura M Prolo, Romeo Ignacio, Gretchen Floan Sachs, Peter Kruk, David Gonda, Mark Ryan, Samir Pandya, Korgun Koral, Bruno P Braga, Kurtis Auguste, Aaron R Jensen
INTRODUCTION: Clinical clearance of a child's cervical spine after trauma is often challenging due to impaired mental status or an unreliable neurologic examination. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the gold standard for excluding ligamentous injury in children but is constrained by long image acquisition times and frequent need for anesthesia. Limited-sequence MRI (LSMRI) is used in evaluating the evolution of traumatic brain injury and may also be useful for cervical spine clearance while potentially avoiding the need for anesthesia...
March 25, 2024: Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38522814/the-neurophysiological-consequences-of-racism-related-stressors-in-black-americans
#39
REVIEW
E Kate Webb, Sierra E Carter, Kerry J Ressler, Negar Fani, Nathaniel G Harnett
Racism-related stressors, from experiences of both implicit and explicit racial discrimination to systemic socioeconomic disadvantage, have a cumulative impact on Black Americans' health. The present narrative review synthesizes peripheral (neuroendocrine and inflammation markers), psychophysiological (heart-rate variability, skin conductance), and neuroimaging (structural and functional) findings that demonstrate unique associations with racism-related stress. Emerging evidence reveals how racism-related stressors contribute to differential physiological and neural responses and may have distinct impacts on regions involved with threat and social processing...
March 22, 2024: Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38522223/middle-meningeal-artery-embolization-reduces-recurrence-following-surgery-for-septated-chronic-subdural-hematomas
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Juan Carlos Martinez-Gutierrez, Bryden H Dawes, Hussein A Zeineddine, William W Wroe, Salvatore A D'Amato, Hyun Woo Kim, Michael I Nahhas, Peng Roc Chen, Spiros L Blackburn, Sunil A Sheth, Ching-Jen Chen, Ashutosh Mahapatra, Ryan S Kitagawa, Mark J Dannenbaum
BACKGROUND: Septated chronic subdural hematomas (cSDH) have high rates of recurrence despite surgical evacuation. Middle meningeal artery embolization (MMAE) has emerged as a promising adjuvant for secondary prevention, yet its efficacy remains ill-defined. METHODS: This is a retrospective review of septated cSDH cases treated at our institution. The surgery-only group was derived from cases performed before 2018, and the surgery+MMAE group was derived from cases performed 2018 or later...
March 21, 2024: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery
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