gut metabolome

OBJECTIVE: Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a significant contributor to negative pregnancy and postnatal developmental outcomes. Currently, the exact pathological mechanism of FGR remains unknown. This study aims to utilize multiomics sequencing technology to investigate potential relationships among mRNA, gut microbiota, and metabolism in order to establish a theoretical foundation for diagnosing and understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying FGR. METHODS: In this study, 11 healthy pregnant women and nine pregnant women with FGR were divided into Control group and FGR group based on the health status...

The human microbiota impacts a variety of diseases and responses to therapeutics. Due to a lack of robust in vitro models, detailed mechanistic explanations of host-microbiota interactions cannot often be recapitulated. We describe the design and development of a novel, versatile and modular in vitro system that enables indirect coculture of human epithelial cells with anaerobic bacteria for the characterization of host-microbe secreted metabolite interactions. This system was designed to compartmentalize anaerobes and human cells in separate chambers conducive to each organism's requisite cell growth conditions...

BACKGROUND: Aging has been associated with a progressive loss of skeletal muscle quality, quantity and strength, which may result in a condition known as sarcopenia, leading to a decline in physical performance, loss of independence and reduced quality of life. While the cause of impaired physical functioning observed in elderly populations appears to be multifactorial, recent evidence suggests that age-associated alterations in gut microbiota could be a contributing factor. The primary objective will be to assess the effects of a dietary synbiotic formulation on sarcopenia-related functional outcomes such as handgrip strength, gait speed and physical performance within older individuals living independently...

BACKGROUND: Antibiotic exposure can occur in medical settings and from environmental sources. Long-term effects of brief antibiotic exposure in early life are largely unknown. RESULTS: Post a short-term treatment by ceftriaxone to C57BL/6 mice in early life, a 14-month observation was performed using 16S rRNA gene-sequencing technique, metabolomics analysis, and metagenomics analysis on the effects of ceftriaxone exposure. Firstly, the results showed that antibiotic pre-treatment significantly disturbed gut microbial α and β diversities (P < 0...

BACKGROUND: Gut microbiome modulation to boost antitumor immune responses is under investigation. METHODS: ROMA-2 evaluated the microbial ecosystem therapeutic (MET)-4 oral consortia, a mixture of cultured human stool-derived immune-responsiveness associated bacteria, given with chemoradiation (CRT) in HPV-related oropharyngeal cancer patients. Co-primary endpoints were safety and changes in stool cumulative MET-4 taxa relative abundance (RA) by 16SRNA sequencing...

The black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens L. (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), is commonly used for organic waste recycling and animal feed production. However, the often inadequate nutrients in organic waste necessitate nutritional enhancement of black soldier fly larvae, e.g., by fungal supplementation of its diet. We investigated the amino acid composition of two fungi, Candida tropicalis (Castell.) Berkhout (Saccharomycetales: Saccharomycetaceae) and Pichia kudriavzevii Boidin, Pignal & Besson (Saccharomycetales: Pichiaceae), from the black soldier fly gut, and commercial baker's yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Meyen ex E...

PURPOSE: Obesity is a primary risk factor for knee osteoarthritis (OA). Prebiotics enhance beneficial gut microbes and can reduce body fat and inflammation. Our objective was to examine if a 6-month prebiotic intervention improved physical function in adults with knee osteoarthritis and obesity. We also measured knee pain, body composition, quality of life, gut microbiota, inflammatory markers, and serum metabolomics. METHODS: Adults (n = 54, mostly women) with co-morbid obesity (BMI > 30 kg/m2 ) and unilateral/bilateral knee OA were randomly assigned to prebiotic (oligofructose-enriched inulin; 16 g/day; n = 31) or isocaloric placebo (maltodextrin; n = 21) for 6 months...

OBJECTIVE: Previous research has partially revealed distinct gut microbiota in ankylosing spondylitis (AS). In this study, we performed non-targeted fecal metabolomics in AS in order to discover the microbiome-metabolome interface in AS. Based on prospective cohort studies, we further explored the impact of the tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) on the gut microbiota and metabolites in AS. METHODS: To further understand the gut microbiota and metabolites in AS, along with the influence of TNFi, we initiated a prospective cohort study...

Introduction: Herbal formulations are renowned for their complex biological activities, acting on multiple targets and pathways, as evidenced by in vitro studies. However, the hypoglycemic effect and underlying mechanisms of Shenqi Compound (SQ), a traditional Chinese herbal formula, remain elusive. This study aimed to elucidate the hypoglycemic effects of SQ and explore its mechanisms of action, focusing on intestinal flora and metabolomics. Methods: A Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rat model was established through a high-fat diet, followed by variable glucose and insulin injections to mimic the fluctuating glycemic conditions seen in diabetes...

Colorectal cancer (CRC), a malignant tumor worldwide, is associated with gut microbiota. The influence of gut microbe-derived metabolites on CRC has attracted a lot of attention. However, the role of immunity mediated by commensal microbiota-derived metabolites in tumorigenesis of CRC is not intensively explored. Here we monitored the gut microbial dysbiosis in CRC mouse model ( Apc Min/+ model) without dietary and pharmacological intervention, followed by characterized of metabolites enriched in CRC model mice...

This review illuminates the complex interplay between various maternal microbiomes and their influence on preterm birth (PTB), a driving and persistent contributor to neonatal morbidity and mortality. Here, we examine the dynamics of oral, gastrointestinal (gut), placental, and vaginal microbiomes, dissecting their roles in the pathogenesis of PTB. Importantly, focusing on the vaginal microbiome and PTB, the review highlights (1) a protective role of Lactobacillus species; (2) an increased risk with select anaerobes; and (3) the influence of social health determinants on the composition of vaginal microbial communities...

Depression, a prevalent and multifaceted mental disorder, has emerged as a significant public health concern due to its escalating prevalence and heightened risk of severe suicidality. Given its profound impact, the imperative for preventing and intervening in depression is paramount. Substantial evidence underscores intricate connections between depression and cardiovascular health. SheXiangXinTongNing (XTN), a recognized traditional Chinese medicine for treating Coronary Heart Disease (CHD), prompted our exploration into its antidepressant effects and underlying mechanisms...

Crohn disease (CD) burden has increased with globalization/urbanization, and the rapid rise is attributed to environmental changes rather than genetic drift. The Study Of Urban and Rural CD Evolution (SOURCE, n = 380) has considered diet-omics domains simultaneously to detect complex interactions and identify potential beneficial and pathogenic factors linked with rural-urban transition and CD. We characterize exposures, diet, ileal transcriptomics, metabolomics, and microbiome in newly diagnosed CD patients and controls in rural and urban China and Israel...

While weight gain is associated with a host of chronic illnesses, efforts in obesity have relied on single "snapshots" of body mass index (BMI) to guide genetic and molecular discovery. Here, we study >2,000 young adults with metabolomics and proteomics to identify a metabolic liability to weight gain in early adulthood. Using longitudinal regression and penalized regression, we identify a metabolic signature for weight liability, associated with a 2.6% (2.0%-3.2%, p = 7.5 × 10-19 ) gain in BMI over ≈20 years per SD higher score, after comprehensive adjustment...

Birds are sensitive to heavy metal pollution, and lead (Pb) contamination can negatively affect their liver and gut. Therefore, we used budgerigars to examine liver and gut toxicosis caused by Pb exposure in bird, and the possible toxic mechanisms. The findings showed Pb exposure increased liver weight and decreased body weight. Moreover, histopathological and immunofluorescence assay results demonstrated obvious liver damage and cell apoptosis increased in Pb- treated budgerigars. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) results also showed Pb caused an increase in apoptosis by inhibiting the PPAR-γ/PI3K/Akt pathway...

Coccidia of the genus Eimeria are important pathogens that cause coccidiosis in livestock and poultry. Due to the expansion of intensive farming, coccidiosis has become more difficult to control. In addition, the continued use of anti-coccidiosis drugs has led to drug resistance and residue. Some herbs used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) have been shown to alleviate the clinical symptoms of coccidiosis, while enhancing immunity and growth performance (GP) of livestock and poultry. Previous in vitro and in vivo studies have reported that the TCM herb Portulaca oleracea exhibited anti-parasitic activities...

INTRODUCTION: Aging is a complex, time-dependent biological process that involves a decline of overall function. Over the past decade, the field of intestinal microbiota associated with aging has received considerable attention. However, there is limited information surrounding microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) to further reveal the mechanism of aging. METHODS: In this study, locomotory function and sensory function were evaluated through a series of behavioral tests...

Fenazaquin, a potent insecticide widely used to control phytophagous mites, has recently emerged as a potential solution for managing Varroa destructor mites in honeybees. However, the comprehensive impact of fenazaquin on honeybee health remains insufficiently understood. Our current study investigated the acute and chronic toxicity of fenazaquin to honeybee larvae, along with its influence on larval hemolymph metabolism and gut microbiota. Results showed that the acute median lethal dose (LD50 ) of fenazaquin for honeybee larvae was 1...

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: As a classical traditional Chinese medicine formula to invigorating spleen and replenishing qi, Sijunzi decoction (SJZD) is composed of four herbs, which is applied to cure spleen deficiency syndrome (SDS) clinically. The non-polysaccharides (NPSs) of SJZD (SJZD_NPS) are important pharmacodynamic material basis. However, the amelioration mechanism of SJZD_NPS on SDS has not been fully elaborated. Additionally, the contribution of herbs compatibility to efficacy of this formula remains unclear...

Combined hyperlipidemia (CHL) manifests as elevated cholesterol and triglycerides, associated with fatty liver and cardiovascular diseases. Emerging evidence underscores the crucial role of the intestinal microbiota in metabolic disorders. However, the potential therapeutic viability of remodeling the intestinal microbiota in CHL remains uncertain. In this study, CHL was induced in low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient (LDLR-/- ) hamsters through an 8-week high-fat and high-cholesterol (HFHC) diet or a 4-month high-cholesterol (HC) diet...