scapula dyskinesis

Most subscapularis and serratus anterior muscles lie between the scapula and the thoracic cage. Evaluation of this area in patients with scapulothoracic dyskinesis, snapping scapular syndrome, or interscapular pain can provide valuable information to clinicians. However, ultrasound scanning of pathologies in this area is hindered by anatomical limitations. In this study, we described a simple patient setup position and scanning method for ultrasound evaluation and guided intervention of the subscapularis and serratus anterior muscles between the scapula and thoracic cage...

BACKGROUND: The importance of several scapulothoracic muscles, including trapezius and serratus anterior, in maintaining physiological scapula kinematics has been highlighted in the past. However, the relationship between the scapula and the latissimus dorsi muscle remains unclear. Our clinical surgical observation is that the latissimus dorsi does not directly attach but rather runs superficial to the inferior angle of the scapula. Based on this observation, we hypothesise that the latissimus dorsi creates a dynamic track on which the scapula glides under the muscle belly during elevation of the arm, creating the latissimus-scapula overlap (LSO)...

INTRODUCTION: Shoulder injuries in baseball players cause excessive shoulder load during pitching and scapular dyskinesis (SD). However, the characteristics of pitching kinetics in the shoulder joint with SD are unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of SD on pitching kinetics in the shoulder joint of baseball players. METHOD: Seventy-two college and independent league baseball players participated in the study. The pitching motion was measured using an 18-camera motion-capture system...

Rhomboid tears are a rare type of tendon injury. Although rhomboid tears can present with periscapular pain and scapular dyskinesis, their clinical presentations and diagnostic procedures remain largely unknown. In addition, few reports are available on the surgical treatment of rhomboid tears. We report a rhomboid repair case for a complete rhomboid major tear diagnosed based on physical findings and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A 28-year-old man presented with right medial scapular pain that appeared after carrying a heavy box...

Scapular dyskinesis is an extremely common component of shoulder pathology, especially in the overhead athlete; despite its prevalence, proper diagnosis and management of scapular disorders remains an enigma for many clinicians. An understanding of the contribution of the scapula to pathomechanics and clinical symptoms is necessary to optimize both surgical and nonsurgical treatment of shoulder disorders. Without correction of scapular dysfunction, even effective management of the pathoanatomy is unlikely to produce optimal results...

A comprehensive review of scapular pathologies and their effect on shoulder function is necessary to determine the best treatment options. The coordinated motion between the scapulothoracic and glenohumeral joints is essential for shoulder motion and depends on the balanced activity of the periscapular muscles. Disruption in these muscles can cause abnormal scapular motion and compensatory glenohumeral movements, leading to misdiagnosis or delayed diagnosis. Scapular pathologies can arise from muscle overactivity or underactivity/paralysis, resulting in a range of scapulothoracic abnormal motion (STAM)...

BACKGROUND: Movement faults (MF), described as the alteration of joint position and motion, are an important factor associated with developing shoulder pathologies. However, determining or predicting the exact MF in participants with shoulder pain is limited by the absence of clinical tools and poor validity. PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to determine the validity of using observational assessment to MFs or controlling MFs in subjects with chronic shoulder pain during shoulder elevation and external rotation...

BACKGROUND: Scapular dyskinesis (SD) is defined as an altered position of the scapula or altered motion patterns and their relationship with shoulder pain (SP) is still under debate. The modified scapular assistance test (mSAT) modifies scapular kinematics and is used to determine the impact of scapular dyskinesis in shoulder pain. However, data about the relationship between SD and the result of mSAT is scarce. PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to establish the frequency of positive mSAT in patients with SP and compare the prevalence in those with and without SD...

CONTEXT: Scapular dyskinesis is a shoulder dysfunction that can be asymptomatic or associated with pain or weakness. Reduced strength and fatigue resistance of the scapular protractor and retractors muscles that stabilize the scapula might contribute to dyskinesis. OBJECTIVE: To determine the strength and fatigue resistance profiles of subjects with symptomatic and asymptomatic scapular dyskinesis, and to compare them to healthy controls using isokinetic assessment...

CONTEXT: Individuals with shoulder impingement syndrome (SIS) exhibit changed corticospinal excitability, scapular kinematics, and scapular muscle activation patterns. To restore the scapular kinematics and muscle activation patterns in individuals with SIS, treatment protocols usually include scapula-focused exercises, such as scapular orientation training and strength training. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether these two types of scapular exercise can reverse the changed corticospinal excitability of recreational overhead athletes with SIS...

BACKGROUND: Scapula kinematics is recognized to be a crucial variable in shoulder dysfunction. Nevertheless, quantitative scapula tracking and measurement are not part of the current clinical evaluation. The main concern is measurement accuracy. METHODS: To assess the accuracy of the wearable sensor technology Showmotion a cadaver experiment was designed, allowing a direct comparison between sensors directly pinned to the scapula and superficial sensors. A measurement protocol was adopted to evaluate errors in measurement, mimicking the suggested in vivo evaluation...

INTRODUCTION: Scapular motion abnormality in rotator cuff tears is a well-known symptom, but its significance is not clear. Some authors consider it as a cause of rotator cuff tear, others as a consequence of the disease. OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to assess the changes in scapular motion in medium size full-thickness rotator cuff tear of degenerative origin compared to a healthy control group. MATERIAL AND METHOD: 10 healthy (control group) and 9 subjects with a medium size (1-3 cm), complaining rotator cuff tear (study group) were included in our study, in whom we analyzed the movements of the shoulder girdle, including the scapula, during sagittal and scapular plane flexion using a VICON 3D motion capture system and U...

Snapping scapula syndrome (SSS) is a source of pain and discomfort in patients. It is not uncommon for patients who present with SSS to have some degree of scapular dysfunction, especially with the tightness of the pectoralis minor (PM) muscle. In this Technical Note, we demonstrate our preferred technique for arthroscopic scapulothoracic bursectomy and partial scapulectomy with concomitant pectoralis minor release for the treatment of symptomatic SSS and PM tightness. In the treatment of these patients, PM release is beneficial because arthroscopic scapulothoracic bursectomy or partial scapulectomy alone may result in residual scapular dyskinesis...

BACKGROUND: Spontaneous shoulder-girdle pain and scapular winging/dyskinesis can be caused by several neuromuscular disorders identifiable by electrodiagnostic studies (EDX). We describe a group of adolescent athletes with this clinical presentation but normal EDX, followed by later development of neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome (NTOS). METHODS: We identified patients referred for evaluation of NTOS that had a history of chronic atraumatic shoulder-girdle pain, scapular winging/dyskinesis, and normal EDX...

The shoulder joint complex in the overhead athlete is organized to effectively transfer the proximally generated forces distally into the arm. The organization also protects the joints and anatomic structures against the repetitive high velocities, large ranges of motions, and compressive, shear, translational, and distraction loads in the overhead motion while placing the hand in the "launch window." Coupling of the movements of the scapula, clavicle, and humerus results in scapulohumeral rhythm (SHR). Effective SHR requires the clavicle and scapula-and, at times, the mechanically linked claviscapular segment-to move the arm into the task-specific position and motion and requires the humerus to move through the ranges of motion to achieve the specific task in the throwing motion...

Introduction: Scapular dyskinesis is commonly associated with subacromial pain syndrome (SAPS). Addressing scapular dyskinesis is widely accepted as an important component of shoulder rehabilitation. Our previous randomized controlled trial showed that Yi Jin Bang (YJB) exercises could effectively manage SAPS, but scapular motions and muscle activity during YJB exercises remain unknown. This study examined scapular kinematics synchronously with scapular muscle activation during YJB exercises. Methods: Thirty healthy participants with no shoulder complaints were enrolled in this study...

Scapular dyskinesis (SD) is a condition of loss of normal mobility or function of the scapula. SD is frequently observed in patients with other shoulder disorders, such as rotator cuff (RC) tears. This study evaluates the different presentations in clinical outcomes and range of motions (ROMs) in patients suffering from RC tears with and without SD. A total of 52 patients were enrolled, of which 32 patients with RC tears and SD (group A) and 20 patients with RC tears without SD (group B). Statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of clinical outcomes were identified...

BACKGROUND: The alteration of scapular kinematics can predispose patients to shoulder pathologies and dysfunction. Previous literature has associated various types of shoulder injuries with scapular dyskinesis, but there are limited studies regarding the effect that proximal humeral fractures (PHF) have on scapular dyskinesis. This study aims to determine the change in scapulohumeral rhythm following treatment of a proximal humerus fracture as well as differences in shoulder motion and functional outcomes among patients who presented with or without scapular dyskinesis...

Scapular dyskinesis, the impairment of optimal scapular position and motion, is common in association with shoulder injury. A comprehensive evaluation process can show the causative factors and lead to effective treatment protocols. The complexity of scapular motion and the integrated relationship between the scapula, humerus, trunk, and legs suggest a need to develop rehabilitation programs that involve all segments working as a unit rather than isolated components. This is best accomplished with an integrated rehabilitation approach that includes rectifying deficits in mobility, strength, and motor control but not overtly focusing on any one area...

BACKGROUND: Maintaining scapular mechanics is important for upper extremity functionality and posture. Determining the extent to which the scapular stabilizer muscles affect the scapular position may guide the creation of an exercise program for people with scapular dyskinesis. HYPOTHESIS: The serratus anterior (SA), upper trapezius (UT), middle trapezius (MT), and lower trapezius (LT) muscles play different roles on scapular position when humeral elevation increase...