Legislative

OBJECTIVES: Naloxone is an effective medication used to reverse opioid overdoses. Distributing naloxone directly to those at risk, therefore, reduces the risk of opioid-related deaths. New legislation in Australia means a prescription is no longer required to access naloxone. Whilst acknowledging the benefits of increased access, we aim to evaluate the impact psychiatrists can have on naloxone provision due to their unique position as doctors often working with those who may be at risk...

DISCLAIMER: In an effort to expedite the publication of articles, AJHP is posting manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time. PURPOSE: To report historical patterns of pharmaceutical expenditures, to identify factors that may influence future spending, and to predict growth in drug spending in 2024 in the United States, with a focus on the nonfederal hospital and clinic sectors...

The nursing profession in Greenland, particularly in rural and remote areas, faces challenges due to geographical limitation and a lack of interdisciplinary collaboration. The registration process and status of internationally educated nurses (IENs) in Greenland are unclear. This article aimed to analyze existing policies and propose recommendations for an independent registration process for IENs in Greenland. A qualitative discourse analysis was used to critically discuss existing policies and regulations governing nursing registration in Greenland...

Considered until recently unfit to rear children, non-heterosexual people have been excluded from forming families in most countries. Many, worldwide, demand access to family formation, claiming the same aptitudes as heterosexual people for raising children. However, when non-heterosexual singles and couples want to become parents in Spain, they must consider transnational contexts, resorting to inter-country adoption or surrogacy abroad, processes that contribute to delay their family formation. They must consider not only Spanish sociocultural conditions, but other countries' legal restrictions regarding parents' gender, social status, and sexual identity...

This study aims to analyze the experiences of a transgender man during the gestational-puerperal period and the perspective of obstetric nurses in training based on the dynamics and organization of obstetric healthcare in a hospital setting. This qualitative study is based on a case study approach, employing interviews and direct observations to collect data. The analysis was based on the theoretical and normative framework of the Nursing Process, the Theory of Caring, and the theoretical/critical perspective of transfeminism...

Under European Union legislation (Article 32, Regulation (EC) No 396/2005), the European Food Safety Authority provides an annual report assessing the pesticide residue levels in foods on the European market. In 2022, 96.3% of the overall 110,829 samples analysed fell below the maximum residue level (MRL), 3.7% exceeded this level, of which 2.2% were non-compliant, i.e. results in a given sample exceeded the MRL after taking into account the measurement uncertainty. For the EU-coordinated multiannual control programme subset, 11,727 samples were analysed of which 0...

Magnet ingestion can lead to serious health issues, including inflammation, gastrointestinal tract perforation, and even life-threatening complications. Despite legislative actions and numerous reports on the dangers of magnet ingestion in children, it remains a significant public health concern. Physicians must remain vigilant in cases of acute abdomen with ambiguous symptoms or unclear history in young patients. Prompt diagnosis and surgical intervention in case of multiple magnet swallowing are crucial to prevent complications...

The availability of biomaterials is a key component of health research and the development of new health-technologies (including, diagnostics, medicines, and vaccines). People are often encouraged by biobanks to donate samples altruistically to such biobanks. While empirical evidence suggests many donors are motivated by the desire to contribute towards developing new health-technologies for society. However, a tension can arise as health-technologies whose development is contributed to by donors' biomaterials will often be protected by intellectual property rights (IPRs), including patents...

Healthcare professionals often face ethical conflicts and challenges related to decision-making that have necessitated consideration of the use of conscientious objection (CO). No current guidelines exist within Spain's healthcare system regarding acceptable rationales for CO, the appropriate application of CO, or practical means to support healthcare professionals who wish to become conscientious objectors. As such, a procedural framework is needed that not only assures the appropriate use of CO by healthcare professionals but also demonstrates its ethical validity, legislative compliance through protection of moral freedoms and patients' rights to receive health care...

Mental health legislation is a cornerstone to ensure that individuals with severe mental illness access proper care and treatment. Each country establishes their own legislation. We aimed to compare the Portuguese and Irish Mental Health Acts (MHAs). We reviewed the respective MHA and the literature. While the definition of mental disorder is similar in general, who, where, when and how one can be detained differ. Judges decide on detentions in Portugal, while consultant psychiatrists may do so in Ireland. Community-based compulsory treatment is possible and used in Portugal while it is not possible in Ireland...

Recent technological advances and legislative changes have led to an increase of sports wagering across the United States, raising concerns about possible increases in problem gambling behaviors. This, in turn, points to an increased need to understand responsible gambling and how it relates to sports gambling behaviors. The present work utilizes the Positive Play Scale (PPS), a recent scale designed to measure the increasingly popular responsible gambling concept of Positive Play, to assess how various aspects of sports gambling relate to responsible gambling...

PURPOSE: To prevent the incarceration and influence outcomes when criminal culpability is linked to postpartum psychosis. METHODS: Infanticide, neonaticide and filicide are most often linked with postpartum psychosis, which affects 1-2 women per 1,000 births or 4,000 women each year in the United States. Multiple genetic, hormonal and psychosocial factors surrounding childbirth result in a 1 to 4% risk of infanticide in women with postpartum psychosis. The authors seek to increase awareness of postpartum psychosis and postpartum depression in state legislatures...

INTRODUCTION: The threat of chemical, biological, radiologic, nuclear, and explosive (CBRNe) terrorist attacks has increased over time. The need for rapid and effective responses to such attacks is paramount. Effective medical counter-measures to CBRNe events are critical and training for such may effectively occur early in physician training. While some medical specialties are more involved than others, counter-terrorism medicine (CTM) spans all medical specialties. METHODS: All United States allopathic medical schools were examined via online curriculums and queries for academic content related to CBRNe and terrorist medical counter-measures...

Public health institutions rely on the access to social media data to better understand the dynamics and impact of infodemics - an overabundance of information during a disease outbreak, potentially including mis-and disinformation. The scope of the COVID-19 infodemic has led to growing concern in the public health community. The spread of harmful information or information voids may negatively impact public health. In this context, social media are of particular relevance as an integral part of our society, where much information is consumed...

STUDY QUESTION: Is the Tcte1 mutation causative for male infertility? SUMMARY ANSWER: Our collected data underline the complex and devastating effect of the single-gene mutation on the testicular molecular network, leading to male reproductive failure. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: Recent data have revealed mutations in genes related to axonemal dynein arms as causative for morphology and motility abnormalities in spermatozoa of infertile males, including dysplasia of fibrous sheath (DFS) and multiple morphological abnormalities in the sperm flagella (MMAF)...

Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a common inflammatory skin disease caused by delayed hypersensitivity to chemical and biotic contact allergens. ACD significantly affects the patients' quality of life negatively impacting both occupational and non-occupational settings. Patch testing is the gold standard diagnostic in vivo test to precise the ACD etiology and to correctly perform prevention. According to the Italian Medicines Agency (AIFA) legislative decree no. 178 of 29th May 1991, allergens are defined as medicines and therefore they are subject to strict regulation...

OBJECTIVE: Immediately following the Dobbs decision, Ohio prohibited abortion after detection of fetal cardiac activity. We aimed to characterize changes in uptake of long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) and permanent contraception following the abrupt enactment of restrictive abortion legislation. STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using electronic medical record (EMR) data of patients aged 15-55 who underwent permanent contraception (tubal ligation, vasectomy) or LARC placement (intrauterine device (IUD), contraceptive implant) at a multi-hospital system in northeast Ohio from 1/1/2022 to 12/31/2022; six months before and after Dobbs...

Over the last 50 years, there have been efforts on behalf of the U.S. government to simplify legal documents for society at large. However, there has been no systematic evaluation of how effective these efforts-collectively referred to as the "plain-language movement"-have been. Here we report the results of a large-scale longitudinal corpus analysis (n ≈ 225 million words), in which we compared every law passed by congress with a comparably sized sample of English texts from four different baseline genres published during approximately the same time period...

BACKGROUND: The Philippines is the global maritime industry's single biggest source of seafarers. This article examines how the Philippines protects the welfare of its seafarers working on board ocean-going vessels. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We employed a multi-method approach to better understand the POEA-SEC as a regulatory instrument. First, we analysed Philippine legislation and regulations that are shaping the employment, welfare, and working conditions of Filipino seafarers...

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