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RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Jessica Irons, Elinor McKone, Rachael Dumbleton, Nick Barnes, Xuming He, Jan Provis, Callin Ivanovici, Alisa Kwa
Damage to central vision, of which age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause, leaves patients with only blurred peripheral vision. Previous approaches to improving face recognition in AMD have employed image manipulations designed to enhance early-stage visual processing (e.g., magnification, increased HSF contrast). Here, we argue that further improvement may be possible by targeting known properties of mid- and/or high-level face processing. We enhance identity-related shape information in the face by caricaturing each individual away from an average face...
2014: Journal of Vision
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Gum-Yong Kang, Joo Young Bang, Ae Jin Choi, Jeehyun Yoon, Won-Chul Lee, Soyoung Choi, Soojin Yoon, Hyung Chan Kim, Je-Hyun Baek, Hyung Soon Park, Hyunjung Jade Lim, Hyewon Chung
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) describes the progressive degeneration of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), retina, and choriocapillaris and is the leading cause of blindness in people over 50. The molecular mechanisms underlying this multifactorial disease remain largely unknown. To uncover novel secretory biomarkers related to the pathogenesis of AMD, we adopted an integrated approach to compare the proteins identified in the conditioned medium (CM) of cultured RPE cells and the exosomes derived from CM and from the aqueous humor (AH) of AMD patients by LC-ESI-MS/MS...
February 7, 2014: Journal of Proteome Research
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Christian Nezelof
Although intracellular protein synthesis has been studied extensively, protein degradation and disposal, know as proteolysis, has been relatively neglected. Modern studies which led two Nobel prizes (de Duve in 1950 and Herschko, Rose and Ciechanover in 1980) established that proteolysis is ensured by two separate but complementary mechanisms: lysosomes responsible for auto and heterophagy and the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System (UPS). The UPS involves ubiquitin, a small molecule consisting of 76 amino acids found in all eukaryotic cells that ensures the identification of the protein to be degraded and its transport to the proteasome, an intracellular complex with enzymes which degrade unneeded or damaged proteins...
November 2012: Bulletin de L'Académie Nationale de Médecine
#24
MULTICENTER STUDY
Usha Chakravarthy, Gareth J McKay, Paulus T V M de Jong, Mati Rahu, Johan Seland, Gisele Soubrane, Laura Tomazzoli, Fotis Topouzis, Johannes R Vingerling, Jesus Vioque, Ian S Young, Reecha Sofat, Aroon D Hingorani, Astrid E Fletcher
OBJECTIVE: To study associations between severity stages of early and late age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and genetic variations in age-related maculopathy susceptibility 2 (ARMS2) and complement factor H (CFH) and to investigate potential interactions between smoking and ARMS2. DESIGN: Population-based, cross-sectional European Eye Study in 7 countries in Europe. PARTICIPANTS: Four thousand seven hundred fifty participants, 65 years of age and older, recruited through random sampling...
February 2013: Ophthalmology
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
K Rohrschneider
AIM: There are no exact figures on the number of blind and visually impaired persons in Germany. The purpose of this study was to compare the development over the last years with earlier predictions and an outlook into the future. METHODS: Data from scientific publications as well as the Federal Statistical Office and from organizations for the blind on the frequency of blindness was compared to the forecast development of blindness. In addition the development of the frequency of age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) was taken into consideration...
April 2012: Der Ophthalmologe: Zeitschrift der Deutschen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Michael J Goldacre, Clare J Wotton, Tiarnan D L Keenan
AIMS: Associations among hypertension, diabetes mellitus and some ophthalmic diseases are well established; associations with others are more equivocal. The aim was to quantify associations accurately using large epidemiological datasets. METHODS: Analysis of the Oxford Record Linkage Study (ORLS), 1963-1998, and English linked hospital episode statistics (LHES), 1999-2010; calculation of rate ratios of eye disease in a hypertension cohort and a diabetes cohort, compared with a reference cohort as control...
June 2012: British Journal of Ophthalmology
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Julie M Crewe, William H Morgan, Nigel Morlet, Katrina Spilsbury, Aqif Mukhtar, Antony Clark, Jonathon Q Ng, Margaret Crowley, James B Semmens
BACKGROUND: To validate the accuracy of clinical ophthalmic information held on the West Australian blind register. DESIGN: Community-based cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS: Legally blind or severely vision-impaired people were selected randomly from the Association for the Blind of Western Australia register. METHODS: Individuals were reviewed by one of two consultant ophthalmologists. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The positive predictive value (ppv), sensitivity and specificity for legal blindness status and diagnostic causes of vision loss were calculated using data extracted from the Association for the Blind of Western Australia blind register...
August 2011: Clinical & Experimental Ophthalmology
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Edward Loane, John M Nolan, Gareth J McKay, Stephen Beatty
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of blindness in older people in developed countries, and risk for this condition may be classified as genetic or environmental, with an interaction between such factors predisposing to this disease. This study investigated the relationship between AMD risk genes, macular pigment optical density (MPOD), which may protect against AMD, and serum concentrations of the macular carotenoids, lutein (L) and zeaxanthin (Z). This was a cross-sectional study of 302 healthy adult subjects...
November 2011: Experimental Eye Research
#29
COMPARATIVE STUDY
Ryan David Kennedy, Marlee M Spafford, Carla M Parkinson, Geoffrey T Fong
PURPOSE: Smoking is causally associated with certain prevalent visually impairing eye diseases, including age-related macular degeneration and cataract. Studies have found that people are afraid of "going blind" and may be motivated to quit smoking if they know that vision loss is associated with smoking behavior. METHODS: A random-digit dialed telephone survey was used to measure health knowledge of adult smokers in Canada (n = 2,765), the United States (n = 3,178), the United Kingdom (n = 2,767), and Australia (n = 2,623) as part of the International Tobacco Control Four-Country Project...
May 2011: Optometry: Journal of the American Optometric Association
#30
REVIEW
Gareth J McKay, Giuliana Silvestri, Usha Chakravarthy, Shilpa Dasari, Lars G Fritsche, Bernhard H Weber, Claudia N Keilhauer, Michael L Klein, Peter J Francis, Caroline C Klaver, Johannes R Vingerling, Lintje Ho, Paulus T D V De Jong, Michael Dean, Julie Sawitzke, Paul N Baird, Robyn H Guymer, Dwight Stambolian, Anton Orlin, Johanna M Seddon, Inga Peter, Alan F Wright, Caroline Hayward, Andrew J Lotery, Sarah Ennis, Michael B Gorin, Daniel E Weeks, Chia-Ling Kuo, Aroon D Hingorani, Reecha Sofat, Valentina Cipriani, Anand Swaroop, Mohammad Othman, Atsuhiro Kanda, Wei Chen, Goncalo R Abecasis, John R Yates, Andrew R Webster, Anthony T Moore, Johan H Seland, Mati Rahu, Gisele Soubrane, Laura Tomazzoli, Fotis Topouzis, Jesus Vioque, Ian S Young, Astrid E Fletcher, Chris C Patterson
Variation in the apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) has been reported to be associated with longevity in humans. The authors assessed the allelic distribution of APOE isoforms ε2, ε3, and ε4 among 10,623 participants from 15 case-control and cohort studies of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in populations of European ancestry (study dates ranged from 1990 to 2009). The authors included only the 10,623 control subjects from these studies who were classified as having no evidence of AMD, since variation within the APOE gene has previously been associated with AMD...
June 15, 2011: American Journal of Epidemiology
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Justin C Sherwin, Lisa S Kearns, Alex W Hewitt, Yaling Ma, John Kelly, Lyn R Griffiths, David A Mackey
PURPOSE: Over 40% of the permanent population of Norfolk Island possesses a unique genetic admixture dating to Pitcairn Island in the late 18(th) century, with descendents having varying degrees of combined Polynesian and European ancestry. We conducted a population-based study to determine the prevalence and causes of blindness and low vision on Norfolk Island. METHODS: All permanent residents of Norfolk Island aged ≥ 15 years were invited to participate. Participants completed a structured questionnaire/interview and underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic examination including slit-lamp biomicroscopy...
April 2011: Ophthalmic Epidemiology
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Robert P Finger, Rolf Fimmers, Frank G Holz, Hendrik P N Scholl
AIM: As no current estimates for the prevalence and causes of blindness in Germany are available, the database of Germany's largest welfare institution (covering 9.5 million people in the federal state of Northrhine) assessing eligibility for an allowance payable to blind people was used to investigate the prevalence and the specific causes of blindness and visual impairment. METHODS: Data from a representative sample of 5100 cases out of 20 365 cases were extracted, entered into an electronic database and statistically analysed...
August 2011: British Journal of Ophthalmology
#33
COMPARATIVE STUDY
Claire S Barnes, William De L'Aune, Ronald A Schuchard
PURPOSE: The ability to recognize faces is fundamental to social interactions but has not been studied extensively in visual disorders such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD). We report here the development of a face discrimination test, in which both response times (RTs) and accuracies are measured. Results are compared for young and older control subjects and older adults with AMD to determine the factors underlying performance on this test. METHODS: Subjects were 14 older controls, 11 young adult controls, and 34 individuals with binocular AMD...
February 2011: Optometry and Vision Science: Official Publication of the American Academy of Optometry
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
E Kanonidou, V Konidaris, C Kanonidou, A Praidou
PURPOSE: To assess the young people's knowledge regarding the ophthalmic effects of smoking. METHODS: 198 students (111 males and 87 females) with a mean age of 27 years old (+/- 6 years) participated in the study. A simple questionnaire was used and the participants were requested to fill out the questionnaire themselves. RESULTS: 77% (152) of the participants were smokers. 67% (130) have never heard about the adverse effect of smoking to the eyes...
2010: Bulletin de la Société Belge D'ophtalmologie
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
C Bunce, W Xing, R Wormald
PURPOSE: The last complete report on causes of blindness in England and Wales was for the data collected during April 1999-March 2000. This study updates these figures, with data collected during April 2007-March 2008. METHODS: In England and Wales, registration for blindness and partial sight is initiated with certification by a consultant ophthalmologist with the consent of the patient. The main cause of visual impairment was ascertained where possible for all certificates completed during April 2007-March 2008 and a proportional comparison with 1999-2000 figures was made...
November 2010: Eye
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kengo Ikesugi, Hideyuki Tsukitome, Tatsuya Yagi, Tomoko Yamaguchi, Ikuyo Tamei, Mikio Sasoh, Yukitaka Uji
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the causes of visual impairment in Mie prefecture during a five-year period. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The study was conducted between April 2004 and March 2009 in Mie Prefecture. 1,322 visually impaired people as defined by the Act on Welfare of Physically Disabled Persons were enrolled. We reviewed age, sex, causes of visual impairment, degree of disability and medical conditions according to their physical disability certificate...
June 2010: Nippon Ganka Gakkai Zasshi
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ronald Klein, Karen J Cruickshanks, Scott D Nash, Elizabeth M Krantz, F Javier Nieto, Guan H Huang, James S Pankow, Barbara E K Klein
OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and to examine how retinal drusen, retinal pigmentary abnormalities, and early AMD are related to age, sex, and other risk factors. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 2810 people aged 21 to 84 years participating in the Beaver Dam Offspring Study. METHODS: The presence and severity of various characteristics of drusen and other lesions typical of AMD were determined by grading digital color fundus images using the Wisconsin Age-Related Maculopathy Grading System...
June 2010: Archives of Ophthalmology
#38
MULTICENTER STUDY
Nicolas Goujon, Cherylee M Brown, Jing Xie, Anna-Lena Arnold, Ross A Dunn, Jill E Keeffe, Hugh R Taylor
PURPOSE: To describe the self-reported vision, history of eye disease and general health of indigenous Australian participants in the National Indigenous Eye Health Survey. METHODS: Using a multistage cluster sampling methodology, 30 geographic areas, stratified by remoteness, were selected to provide a representative population of indigenous Australians aged 5-15 years and 40 years and over. Before an eye examination, participants completed a questionnaire about their eye health and eye care facilities consulted, satisfaction with their vision and general health...
November 2010: Clinical & Experimental Ophthalmology
#39
RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Deyue Yu, Sing-Hang Cheung, Gordon E Legge, Susana T L Chung
Enhancing reading ability in peripheral vision is important for the rehabilitation of people with central-visual-field loss from age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Previous research has shown that perceptual learning, based on a trigram letter-recognition task, improved peripheral reading speed among normally-sighted young adults (Chung, Legge, & Cheung, 2004). Here we ask whether the same happens in older adults in an age range more typical of the onset of AMD. Eighteen normally-sighted subjects, aged 55-76years, were randomly assigned to training or control groups...
April 21, 2010: Vision Research
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Edward Loane, Gareth J McKay, John M Nolan, Stephen Beatty
PURPOSE: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of blindness in older people in developed countries, and risk factors for this condition may be classified as genetic and environmental. Apolipoprotein E is putatively involved in the transport of the macular pigment (MP) carotenoids lutein (L) and zeaxanthin (Z) in serum and may also influence retinal capture of these compounds. This study was designed to investigate the relationship between macular pigment optical density (MPOD) and ApoE genotype...
May 2010: Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
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