Infantile hemangioma

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Propranolol is a widely-known beta-blocker approved for treating infantile hemangiomas (IH). The mechanisms behind the spectacular IH involution after propranolol treatment remain unclear. Recently, there is strong evidence of overexpression of numerous angiogenic factors in IH tissues, and it is reported that propranolol influences their pathways. However, a number of MMPs studies is highly limited. Here, for the first time, we propose a comprehensive approach by analyzing the expression levels of metalloproteinases-2/9 (MMPs-2/9) and tissue metalloproteinase inhibitor-2 (TIMP-2) in vivo on both, molecular and immunohistochemical levels, and in both, IH tissues and in the serum of IH patients, and relates the obtained results to the tumor's biology and systemic propranolol treatment...

Few preliminary reports studied the utility of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) for differentiation between infantile hemangiomas (IHs) and vascular malformations. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of serum VEGF and bFGF levels in differentiating IHs from vascular malformations and identifying the stage and clinical course of IHs. Serum levels of VEGF and bFGF were assessed in 60 infants and children with various cutaneous vascular anomalies defined in 3 groups: proliferating IHs (n = 25), involuting IHs (n = 23), and vascular malformations (n = 12), in comparison with their levels in 40 healthy matched control...

Screening of infants with five or more cutaneous infantile hemangiomas with abdominal ultrasound is often recommended. However, diffuse hepatic hemangioma can develop even in patients with single cutaneous hemangioma. This highlights the importance of physical examination and screening ultrasound in these patients.

Treatment of infantile hemangiomas (IH) with propranolol was first reported in 2008. Regressions of lymphatic malformations combined with pulmonary hypertension was first reported in 2012 after three children received treatment with oral sildenafil, which serves as an antagonist of phosphodiesterase isoform-5 (PDE-5). A marked expression of endothelial cells in the cytoplasm of IH tissues was obtained in our previous study. Therefore, the present study hypothesized that the antagonist of PDE-5, sildenafil, may lead to the regression of hemangiomas...

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The nonselective beta-blocker propranolol is the current criterion standard for treatment of infantile hemangiomas (IHs) and the first therapy that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved for the condition, but concern about adverse effects, such as bronchospasm, hypoglycemia, and sleep disturbances, has sparked interest in the use of alternative agents such as the selective β1 antagonist atenolol. Our aim was to compare the efficacy and adverse effect profiles of atenolol with those of propranolol in the treatment of IHs in a retrospective noninferiority trial...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the utility of GLUT1 as an immunohistochemical marker in the diagnostics of cutaneous vascular anomalies. METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted for studies on GLUT1 staining patterns in cutaneous vascular lesions. Data was grouped according to the latest ISSVA classification for vascular anomalies. RESULTS: Vascular tumors: GLUT1 staining was positive in 368/386 (95%) of infantile hemangiomas. Congenital hemangiomas (16 cases) and kaposiform hemangioendotheliomas (62 cases) were all negative for GLUT1...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

The aim of the study was to analyze the cohort of inpatient children with vascular anomalies according to the globally accepted classification introduced by the ISSVA. METHODS: The study included 205 inpatient children within the time period of the years 2010-2015. Types of vascular anomalies (VAs), age of patients, diagnostic procedures, and anatomical localization of VAs were analyzed. RESULTS: 65 patients of first year of life had vascular tumors, with prevalence of infantile hemangiomas (IHs) in 57 (87...

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Infantile hemangiomas (IHs) are vascular tumors with the potential for significant morbidity. There is a lack of validated objective tools to assess IH severity and response to treatment. Diffuse optical spectroscopy (DOS), a noninvasive, nonionizing imaging modality, can measure total hemoglobin concentration and hemoglobin oxygen saturation in tissue to assess IH vascularity and response to treatment. Our objective was to evaluate the utility of a wireless, handheld DOS system to assess IH characteristics at selected points during their clinical course...

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate cases diagnosed as "oral hemangiomas" based on the immunohistochemical expression of human glucose transporter protein (GLUT-1) and on histopathological features, and to investigate whether the classification proposed by the ISSVA was used correctly to classify these lesions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: All cases stored in the archives of an Oral Pathology Service and diagnosed as "oral hemangiomas" were reviewed. Seventy-seven cases were analyzed regarding the expression of GLUT-1...

This report compares the efficacy of timolol maleate 0.5% eyedrops (TM) with that of timolol maleate 0.5% ophthalmic gel-forming solution in the treatment of infantile hemangiomas (IHs). Sixty-six patients undergoing treatment with topical timolol were retrospectively reviewed; our results revealed similar therapeutic efficacies for both types of timolol formulations. Early treatment initiation (<3 mos) and superficial lesions correlated with better treatment response. TM eyedrops may be a more cost effective, equally efficacious modality of treatment for IHs...

OBJECTIVES: Vascular anomalies are included in the 30 000 rare diseases worldwide affecting less than 5/10 000 people. Depending on their morphology and biological properties, they can cause varied disorders with organ involvement. Almost 60% of vascular anomalies have a predilection for the head and neck region in children. Clinical and scientific effort to establish interdisciplinary management concepts for vascular anomalies is increasing worldwide. METHODS: Especially in the head and neck region, clinical impairment and organ dysfunction is associated with cosmetic issues that may represent a physical and psychological issue for the patient...

Infantile periocular hemangiomas (IPH) are common benign vascular tumors that present early in childhood. They typically show a rapid nonlinear growth pattern a few weeks after birth during a proliferative phase, then continue with an involution phase and may result in serious ocular or systemic complications. Theses tumors may present in a range of small isolated lesions to multiple, diffuse involvements. Understanding the nature of the disease, the natural course, complications, indications for intervention, and treatment modalities would be helpful for ophthalmologists, who will likely be consulted for periocular cases...

BACKGROUND: Hemangiomas are unique endothelial cell tumors that involute spontaneously, which makes interpreting their response to therapies difficult. The objective of this work was to identify a potential biomarker in the urine of children with infantile hemangiomas that would facilitate testing new therapies. METHODS: A prospective longitudinal study in children with hemangiomas and age-matched healthy controls was performed to determine whether microRNA-126, which is highly abundant in fetal endothelial cells, was more abundant in the urine of affected children...

Hemangioma is one of the most common types of infantile vascular benign tumor. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and tumor protein p53 (p53) in the proliferation and apoptosis of hemangioma cells. A total of 38 paraffin-embedded hemangioma specimens (16 males and 22 females) and another 5 paraffin-embedded healthy surrounding tissue samples, collected between January 2007 and December 2010, were obtained from the Department of Pathology at Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University (Wuhan, China)...

Infantile hemangiomas (IHs) are the most common tumors of infancy and usually follow a typical course of growth and involution. We report four soft tissue tumors that were referred to the pediatric dermatology clinic as IHs and the process by which they were diagnosed and treated. Clinicians should be aware of presentations of these uncommon, but serious soft tissue tumors. Many of these mimickers have a vastly different clinical prognosis, and early intervention to limit sequelae is crucial. Biopsy of atypical lesions should be considered early in the diagnostic process since they have varied prognosis and treatment strategies...

Hepatic angiosarcoma is a rare, aggressive, malignant neoplasm with fewer than 50 cases reported in children. Prognosis is poor, with a minority surviving beyond 2 years after diagnosis. We report eight cases of pediatric hepatic angiosarcoma, diagnosed at a mean age of 3 years. Seven were initially diagnosed with an infantile hepatic hemangioendothelioma (IHHE) or hemangioma and the eighth with a "vascular tumor." Two patients, who received liver transplant, survived. We suggest hepatic hemangiomas can rarely transform into angiosarcomas and a subset of IHHEs (Type II) are actually a low-grade form of angiosarcoma rather than a benign lesion...

BACKGROUND: Early-life programming is defined by the adaptive changes made by the fetus in response to an adverse in utero environment. Infantile hemangioma (IH), a vascular anomaly, is the most common tumor of infancy. Here we take IH as the tumor model to propose the stem cell teratogenic hypothesis of tumorigenesis and the potential involvement of the immune system. OBJECTIVES: Teratogenic agents include chemicals, heavy metals, pathogens, and ionizing radiation...

We present a female infant with a right-sided facial and neck haemangioma, from a remote, resource-poor community in rural Guatemala. She received first-line treatment, propranolol, with marked reduction in tumour size and erythema. Treatment was stopped after 35 weeks due to recurrent diarrhoea and sustained weight loss. Propranolol can be used to safely treat infants with haemangiomas in remote, rural communities if there is adequate follow-up, education and communication. Periocular haemangiomas should be treated promptly to avoid visual impairment...