gynaecological

OBJECTIVE: Endometriosis is a multifactorial gynaecological disease in reproductive-age women. Endometriotic tissue is characterized by high prostaglandin levels and progesterone resistance. Human aldo-keto reductases (AKRs) convert progesterone to a less potent metabolite and cause progesterone resistance. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated whether diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) alters AKR expression in human ectopic and eutopic endometrium. STUDY DESIGN: We used microarrays and western blotting to study the effects of DEHP, and checked the presence of AKR in endometriosis patients by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)...

In this prospective randomised single-blind case-controlled cohort study the aim was to compare the effects of mechanical bowel preparation (MBP) on field of vision and surgical comfort during total laparoscopic hysterectomy procedures. The study group was made of 102 patients that had undergone total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH), between July 2012 and June 2014. Statistical comparison was made between the means of durations of operation between the two groups divided by visual indexing (VI). The patients with a VI score of less than 2 and those with VI score of 2 or higher were compared in terms of operation duration in regard to the criteria described above...

Collaboration in health research is common in current practice. Engaging grassroots clinicians in the evidence synthesis and research process can deliver impactful results and reduce research wastage. The UKARCOG is a group of specialty trainees in obstetrics and gynaecology in the UK aiming to promote women's health research by delivering high-quality impactful research and national audit projects. The collaborative enables trainees to develop essential academic skills and roll out multicentre research projects at high cost-effectiveness...

OBJECTIVES: This study sought to determine whether social factors (neighbourhood education and income) and geographic factors (urban or rural dwelling and local service area) are associated with hysterectomy rates, proportion of hysterectomies performed minimally invasively, and hysterectomy complication and readmission rates in Ontario. METHODS: The Canadian Institute for Health Information Discharge Abstract Database was used to perform a population-based retrospective cross-sectional study on women who had an abdominal, vaginal, and laparoscopic hysterectomy in 2007 for benign gynaecologic conditions in hospitals in Ontario, Canada...

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynaecological malignancy worldwide. Development of chemoresistance and peritoneal dissemination of EOC cells are the major reasons for low survival rate. Targeting signal transduction pathways which promote therapy resistance and metastatic dissemination is the key to successful treatment. Members of the ErbB family of receptors are over-expressed in EOC and play key roles in chemoresistance and invasiveness. Despite this, single-targeted ErbB inhibitors have demonstrated limited activity in chemoresistant EOC...

OBJECTIVE: Despite provision of accreditation of private sector health providers in government-led schemes for maternity services in India, their participation has been low. This has led to an underutilisation of their presence, resources and expertise for providing quality maternal and newborn health services. This study explores the perception of various stakeholders on expectations, benefits, barriers and facilitators to private sector participation in government-led schemes-specifically Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY)-for maternity service delivery...

INTRODUCTION: French guidelines regarding the minimum criteria for gynaecological ultrasound were given in a recent report in 2016, by the French National College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (CNGOF). An accurate report is essential for the optimal care of women, especially those presenting myomas. The goal of this study was to evaluate the quality of gynaecological ultrasound reports for women with type 0 to 2 uterine myomas, referring to the items contained in the French guidelines...

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Cyclin G2 (CCNG2) is an atypical cyclin that functions to inhibit cell cycle progression and is often dysregulated in human cancers. We have previously shown that cyclin G2 is highly unstable and can be degraded through the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway. Furthermore, cyclin G2 contains a PEST domain, which has been suggested to act as a signal for degradation by multiple proteases. In this study, we determined if calpains, a family of calcium-dependent proteases, are also involved in cyclin G2 degradation. The addition of calpain inhibitors or silencing of calpain expression by siRNAs strongly enhanced cyclin G2 levels...

The aetiology of ovarian cancer is multifactorial with both endogenous and exogenous risk factors playing an important role. The exact pathogenesis of ovarian cancer is still not well understood, despite the number of hypotheses published. Due to an increase in the number of women using fertility drugs, much attention has been focused on the long-term health effects of such drugs. Although fertility drugs facilitate the ovulation process, it is however associated with a significant increase in hormone concentrations, placing exposed women at increased risk of gynaecological cancer...

INTRODUCTION: To evaluate the impact of voluntary termination of pregnancy (VTOP) on the psycho-sexological well-being of females before/six months after the abortion. METHODS: A sample of 194 women was recruited from three obstetrics and gynaecological divisions. The women were evaluated for the variables "sexual functioning" with the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), "depression" with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), and "anxiety state" with the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) at time 0 (the beginning of the abortion procedure) and time 1 (six months after the abortion)...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the important diagnostic indicators for blood stasis syndrome (BSS) in patients of childbearing age with gynaecological diseases. METHODS: A partial least squared-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were applied to BSS symptoms data of patients with gynaecological diseases, and the diagnostic indicators used by doctors of Korean medicine (DKMs) among BSS patients with gynaecological diseases were also investigated. RESULTS: A total of 103 patients of childbearing age with gynaecological diseases and 40 healthy controls were enrolled...

Background. The body's cell behaviour is controlled by various signalling pathways, one of which is NOTCH. It has been found that a partial loss of the NOTCH function or abnormal strengthening of NOTCH signalling are related to various human diseases and developmental disorders. Materials and methods. PubMed was the main source of information for this paper. Results. The paper overviews the association between oncologic diseases and the participants of the NOTCH signalling pathway. In cancerogenesis, the NOTCH signalling pathway can act as a tumour suppressor or an oncogene...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this guideline is to provide recommendations to gynaecology health care providers on optimal management of genital herpes. OUTCOMES: More effective prevention of complications and transmission of genital herpes. EVIDENCE: Medline was searched for articles published in French and English related to genital herpes and gynaecology. Additional articles were identified through the references of these articles. All study types and recommendation reports were reviewed...

OBJECTIVE: hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an increasingly important public health problem worldwide. Health care workers providing care to women of childbearing age are uniquely placed in their practices to identify a significant proportion of at-risk patients and to provide appropriate screening and counselling. The primary objective of this guideline is to provide accurate, current information to those offering reproductive care to women living with HCV. This document is also intended to raise awareness of HCV in both the medical and general populations...

OBJECTIVE: This guideline reviews the investigation and treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. INTENDED USERS: Health care providers. TARGET POPULATION: Women and adolescents experiencing menstrual pain for which no underlying cause has been identified. EVIDENCE: Published clinical trials, population studies, and review articles cited in PubMed or the Cochrane database from January 2005 to March 2016. VALIDATION METHODS: Seven clinical questions were generated by the authors and reviewed by the SOGC Clinical Practice-Gynaecology Committee...

OBJECTIVE: To explore the preference for female obstetrician/gynaecologists among immigrant women, and providers' understandings of these preferences, to identify challenges and potential solutions. METHODS: Five databases (Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Global Health, and Scopus) were searched using combinations of search terms related to immigrant, refugee, or Muslim women and obstetrics or gynaecological provider gender preference. STUDY SELECTION: Peer reviewed, English-language articles were included if they discussed either patient or provider perspectives of women's preference for female obstetrics or gynaecological care provider among immigrant women in Western and non-western settings...

The aim of this article is to propose a brief commentary about the impact of gynaecologic cancer treatments on the reproductive capacity of affected women and the importance of the fertility preservation treatments to improve quality of life and psychological well-being. The experience of gynaecologic cancer and treatment affects sexual function and psychological well-being of patients. Therefore, the preservation of reproductive potential is central to quality of life. Despite the importance of fertility preservation for cancer survivors' quality of life and psychological well-being, there is still little information about these treatments...

BACKGROUND: Elective hysterectomy is commonly performed for benign gynaecological conditions. Hysterectomy can be performed abdominally, laparoscopically, or vaginally, with or without laparoscopic assistance. Antibiotic prophylaxis consists of administration of antibiotics to reduce the rate of postoperative infection, which otherwise affects 40%-50% of women after vaginal hysterectomy, and more than 20% after abdominal hysterectomy. No Cochrane review has systematically assessed evidence on this topic...

The relationship between serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels, body mass index (BMI) and related metabolic factors were investigated in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). A total of 691 women aged between 18 and 35 years, referred to the Department of Gynaecological Endocrinology at the University Hospital of Lille between 2009 and 2014 were included: 137 controls and 554 women with PCOS. Mean serum AMH levels were slightly but significantly lower in women with PCOS who were overweight or obese (BMI ≥25) compared with women of normal weight (BMI <25) (P < 0...