gynaecological

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 or worse (≥CIN3) and cost-effectiveness of human papillomavirus (HPV) genotyping with reflex liquid-based cytology (LBC) for cervical cancer screening in Singapore. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Women who were ≥25 years old and undertook co-testing with LBC and HPV-genotyping (Cobas-4800, Roche, USA) for HPV-16, HPV-18 and 12 high-risk HPV types in a single institution were studied retrospectively...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to review our experience with patients having gynaecological surgeries while on long-term anticoagulation and to postulate a better guide for their perioperative management. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective review of all women on long-term warfarin who underwent gynaecological surgeries from January 2003 to December 2012. Data from medical records including operation reports and inpatient and outpatient charts were reviewed and analyzed...

OBJECTIVE: The optimal frequency of conducting simulation training for high-acuity, low-frequency events in obstetrics and gynaecology residency programs is unknown. This study evaluated retention over time of vaginal breech delivery skills taught in simulation, by comparing junior and senior residents. In addition, the residents' subjective comfort level to perform this skill clinically was assessed. METHODS: This prospective cohort study included 22 obstetrics and gynaecology residents in a Canadian residency training program...

Unicornuate uterus with a rudimentary horn is a rare congenital Müllerian anomaly, which may lead to many obstetrical and gynaecological complications. This pathology occurs in approximately 1/100 000 women. A rudimentary horn forms due to insufficient development of the Müllerian duct. The diagnosis of this anomaly is usually delayed, as it remains asymptomatic until adolescence and its main symptom is dysmenorrhea.

BACKGROUND: There has been some doubts raised in earlier studies about the efficacy of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in reducing endocrine and sexual problems in women who have undergone a risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO). METHODS: In this prospective, observational study, we recruited 178 premenopausal women with a high risk for ovarian cancer. Fifty-seven women opted for RRSO and 121 for gynaecological screening (GS). Women completed questionnaires before surgery (T1) and 3 (T2) and 9 (T3) months post surgery, or at equivalent time points for the GS-group...

OBJECTIVES: In the context of women's health, we examine (1) the role that observational ('real-world') studies have in overcoming limitations of randomised clinical trials, (2) the relative advantages and disadvantages of different study designs, (3) the importance of outcome data from observational studies when making health-economic or clinical decisions, and (4) provide insights into changing perceptions of observational clinical data. METHODS: PubMed and internet searches were used to identify (i) guidance and expert commentary on designing, conducting, analysing, and reporting clinical trials or observational studies, (ii) supporting evidence of the rapid growth of observational ('real world') studies and publications since the turn of millennium in the fields of contraception, reproductive health, obstetrics or gynaecology...

The aim of our study was to clarify whether the CD44 adhesion molecule as a cancer stem cell marker could also serve as a prognostic factor in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). A retrospective study was performed on 87 patients with histologically verified EOC. Specimens of both primary tumour and implantation metastases were tested from 48 of them. CD44 expression was detected by immunohistochemistry. We looked for the cut-off levels of CD44 expression using the Cox regression model. We confirmed statistically significant prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) and disease-free interval (DFI) to be: stage of the disease, postoperative residual tumour and papillary serous histological type...

OBJECTIVES: Laparoscopic and vaginal hysterectomies are common gynaecological procedures. Same-day discharge is usual care in various gynaecological procedures like laparoscopic sterilisation and laparoscopic oophorectomies. In major procedures like vaginal or laparoscopic hysterectomy patients are usually admitted overnight. We systematically reviewed the literature to identify complications, risk factors for (re)admittance, financial consequences and patient satisfaction of same-day discharge after a vaginal or laparoscopic hysterectomy...

CONTEXT: . Cancer patients frequently suffer from fatigue. Recently, the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life group developed a new 12-item fatigue assessment instrument. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to psychometrically test this questionnaire in comparison with the 3-item fatigue scale of the EORTC QLQ-C30. METHODS: A sample of 354 patients who were being treated for breast cancer or gynaecological cancer were examined using the new fatigue questionnaire EORTC QLQ-FA12 and the EORTC QLQ-C30 during their hospital stay (t1) and three months after hospital discharge (t2)...

STUDY OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the efficacy of ultrasound-guided posterior quadratus lumborum block (QLB) in treating postoperative pain following laparoscopic gynecologic surgery. DESIGN: Prospective randomized controlled study. PATIENTS: Seventy adult patients scheduled for elective laparoscopic gynaecological surgery under general anesthesia. INTERVENTION: This randomized controlled study involved two groups of adult females who were scheduled to undergo laparoscopic gynecologic surgery under general anesthesia...

BACKGROUND: Whether BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers have a clinically relevant elevated risk of uterine cancer has implications for risk-reducing surgery. AIM: This multicentre, prospective cohort study assessed uterine cancer risk for mutation carriers compared with the general population. METHODS: Eligible mutation carriers were enrolled in the Kathleen Cuningham Foundation Consortium for Research into Familial Breast Cancer (kConFab) cohort study, had a uterus present and no history of uterine cancer at cohort entry...

BACKGROUND: The incidence of vulvar cancer in Germany is increasing. Moreover, gynaecological oncologists reported observing increasing numbers of women presenting with small tumours. The aim of the present study is to validate this observation on a population level and to extend available incidence data. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data from the population-based Saarland Cancer Registry were used and included 1136 women diagnosed with invasive vulvar cancer (ICD-9 codes: 181...

Inadequate emergency visits, which could be resolved in primary care, are an unnecessary expense for the healthcare service. We did a review of all gynaecology and obstetrics emergency visits by pregnant or postpartum women during 2010 and 2011 in order to describe the adequacy of the visits by pregnant women to the emergency service. We defined three levels of adequacy: adequate, moderately adequate, and inadequate. One thousand seven hundred and forty-three visits to the emergency room of gynaecology and obstetrics were studied...

As the oocyte is the starting point for a new life, artificial reproductive technology (ART) techniques should not affect the (ultra) structural and functional integrity, or the developmental competence. Oocyte vitrification -one of the most significant achievements in human ART during the past decade- should therefore be a safe and efficient technique. This review discusses the principles and developments of the existing and future techniques, applications possibilities and safety concerns. The broad range of vitrification media and devices that are currently available, show differences in their effects on the oocyte ultrastructure and preimplantation development...

PURPOSE: This review presents the information about epidemiology, clinical manifestation, diagnosis and treatment of primary ovarian Burkitt's lymphoma (BL), including a literature search of available BL cases. The purpose of this review is to draw clinicians' attention to the possibility of ovarian BL occurrence, which may be important in the differential diagnosis of ovarian tumours. METHODS: PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched using the keywords ''Burkitt's'', ''Lymphoma'', ''Ovarian'', ''Primary'', ''Burkitt's lymphoma''...

INTRODUCTION: Quality and safety in anaesthesia is usually monitored by analysis of perioperative mortality-morbidity and are influenced by anaesthetic and non-anaesthetic factors. AIM: This study was conducted to analyse the incidence of clinical indicators of quality in endotracheally intubated patients undergoing general abdominal surgeries and obstetric and gynaecological procedures under general anaesthesia and to determine contributing factors for the same...

Bartholin's gland cysts are one of the common vulval masses that may start as asymptomatic cysts but if left untreated, may become large and infected requiring medical attention. We are presenting two interesting and rare cases of giant Bartholin cyst and their treatment in this case report. Two female patients of perimenopausal age presented with giant vulval cysts to the outpatient department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. They reached a size of 10 cm and 20 cm diameter respectively, presenting with some diagnostic and later reconstruction of the labia majus...

The replacement of the entire or extensive parts of endometrial lining by stratified squamous epithelium is a rare entity known as ichthyosis uteri. It is considered to be a benign condition but may be associated with dysplastic changes and primary squamous cell carcinoma of the endometrium. Its association with endometrial adenocarcinoma is very rare. The aetiology of this condition is not clearly understood till date. We report a case of ichthyosis uteri associated with endometrial adenocarcinoma in a 70-year-old female who presented with complaint of per-vaginal bleeding for six months and underwent hysterectomy after being diagnosed with endometrial carcinoma...

OBJECTIVE: European harmonisation of training standards in postgraduate medical education in Obstetrics and Gynaecology is needed because of the increasing mobility of medical specialists. Harmonisation of training will provide quality assurance of training and promote high quality care throughout Europe. Pan-European training standards should describe medical expertise outcomes that are required from the European gynaecologist. This paper reports on consensus development on the medical expertise outcomes of pan-European training in Obstetrics and Gynaecology...

Improved performances in gynaecological ultrasonography have enabled an increasing number of often asymptomatic endometrial polyps to be detected. Most of these polyps are removed surgically, as a precautionary measure, so as not to miss a case of endometrial cancer. Nonetheless, this management strategy is based solely on the sonographer's judgement and a number of these operations, which are probably of no benefit, could be avoided. In order to do so, risk factors for malignancy need to be identified. OBJECTIVE: Estimate the prevalence of lesions in menopausal patients with a pre-operative diagnosis of endometrial polyp...