Dextrins

This study explored the preparation process of the placebo of Jiawei Ermiao Granules and evaluated the placebo effect, aiming to provide qualified placebo samples for clinical trials of Jiawei Ermiao Granules and a reference for the preparation and quality evaluation of placebos of traditional Chinese medicine granules. On the basis of the comprehensive analysis results of Jiawei Ermiao Granules, the orthogonal experiment was conducted to optimize the flavoring agents and colorants. After manual evaluation, the placebo formula was determined as dextrin 10 g, Codonopsis Radix extract 5...

The ability to employ waste products, such as vegetable scraps, as raw materials for the synthesis of new promising adsorbing materials is at the base of the circular economy and end of waste concepts. Dextrin-based nanosponges (D_NS), both cyclodextrin (CD) and maltodextrin (MD), have shown remarkable adsorption abilities in the removal of toxic compounds from water and wastewater, thus representing a bio-based low-cost solution which is establishing itself in the market. Nevertheless, their environmental safety for either aquatic or terrestrial organisms has been overlooked, raising concern in terms of potential hazards to natural ecosystems...

We previously reported that maternal alcohol use increased the risk of sepsis in premature and term newborns. In the neonatal mouse, fetal ethanol (ETOH) exposure depleted the antioxidant glutathione (GSH), which promoted alveolar macrophage (AM) immunosuppression and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections. In this study, we explored if oral liposomal GSH (LGSH) would attenuate oxidant stress and RSV infections in the ETOH-exposed mouse pups. C57BL/6 female mice were pair-fed a liquid diet with 25% of calories from ethanol or maltose-dextrin...

Systemic chronic inflammation is recognized as a significant contributor to the development of obesity-related insulin resistance. Previous studies have revealed the physiological benefits of resistant dextrin (RD), including obesity reduction, lower fasting glucose levels, and anti-inflammation. The present study investigated the effects of RD intervention on insulin resistance (IR) in Kunming mice, expounding the mechanisms through the gut microbiome and transcriptome of white adipose. In this eight-week study, we investigated changes in tissue weight, glucose-lipid metabolism levels, serum inflammation levels, and lesions of epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) evaluated via Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining...

Miniaturized cultivation systems offer the potential to enhance experimental throughput in bioprocess development. However, they usually lack the miniaturized pumps necessary for fed-batch mode, which is commonly employed in industrial bioprocesses. An alternative are enzyme-mediated glucose release systems from starch-derived polymers, facilitating continuous glucose supply. Nevertheless, while the glucose release, and thus the feed rate, is controlled by the enzyme concentration, it also strongly depends on the type of starch derivative, and the culture conditions as well as pH and temperature...

The main objective of this study was to investigate the influence of carbohydrate intake (cyclodextrin) on performance during the performance of two consecutive workouts of the day (WODs) lasting 20 min each. Twenty-one male CrossFit (CF) athletes (29.5 ± 4.3 years; 72.81 ± 12.85 kg; 1.74 ± 0.06 m; 3.41 ± 1.21 years of experiences) participated in a crossover, randomized, and double-blind study. The effect of supplementation with 30 g of cyclodextrin (SG) (Cluster Dextrin® ) or placebo (PG) (Bolero Advanced Hydration® ) was evaluated on the performance of two specific WOD...

Glycogen phosphorylase (GP) is biologically active as a dimer of identical subunits, each activated by phosphorylation of the serine-14 residue. GP exists in three interconvertible forms, namely GPa (di-phosphorylated form), GPab (mono-phosphorylated form), and GPb (non-phosphorylated form); however, information on GPab remains scarce. Given the prevailing view that the two GP subunits collaboratively determine their catalytic characteristics, it is essential to conduct GPab characterization to gain a comprehensive understanding of glycogenolysis regulation...

Emulsion gels with denser network microstructure and stronger mechanical properties have attracted increasing attentions for delivering lipophilic compounds. In this study, the effect of three distinct soluble dietary fiber (inulin (IN), resistant dextrin (RD) and stachyose (ST)) on the rheological, mechanical and microstructural properties of soy protein isolate (SPI) emulsion gel were firstly investigated. Compared with RD and IN, ST significantly accelerated water holding capacity and thermal stability, which exhibited more compact microstructure and more uniform emulsified oil droplets...

Arabinoxylans, β-glucans, and dextrins influence the brewing industry's filtration process and product quality. Despite their relevance, only a maximum concentration of β-glucans is recommended. Nevertheless, filtration problems are still present, indicating that although the chemical concentration is essential, other parameters should be investigated. Molar mass and conformation are important polymer physical characteristics often neglected in this industry. Therefore, this research proposes an approach to physically characterize enzymatically isolated beer polysaccharides by asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation coupled to multi-angle light scattering and differential refractive index detector...

Polymeric drug delivery technology, which allows for medicinal ingredients to enter a cell more easily, has advanced considerably in recent decades. Innovative medication delivery strategies use biodegradable and bio-reducible polymers, and progress in the field has been accelerated by future possible research applications. Natural polymers utilized in polymeric drug delivery systems include arginine, chitosan, dextrin, polysaccharides, poly(glycolic acid), poly(lactic acid), and hyaluronic acid. Additionally, poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate), poly( N -isopropyl acrylamide), poly(ethylenimine), dendritic polymers, biodegradable polymers, and bioabsorbable polymers as well as biomimetic and bio-related polymeric systems and drug-free macromolecular therapies have been employed in polymeric drug delivery...

The anti-digestibility of resistant dextrin (RD) and resistant maltodextrin (RMD) is usually significantly affected by processing techniques, reaction conditions, and starch sources. The objective of this investigation is to elucidate the similarities and differences in the anti-digestive properties of RD and RMD prepared from three different tuber crop starches, namely, potato, cassava, and sweet potato, and to reveal the associated mechanisms. The results show that all RMDs have a microstructure characterized by irregular fragmentation and porous surfaces, no longer maintaining the original crystalline structure of starches...

Sugar transporters have significant contributions to regulate metabolic flux towards products and they are general potential targets for engineering of high-yield microbial cell factories. Streptomyces, well-known producers of natural product pharmaceuticals, contain an abundance of sugar transporters, while few of them are well characterized and applied. Here, we report a previously unidentified ATP-binding cassette (ABC) sugar transporter TP6568 found within a Streptomyces avermitilis transposon library, along with its key regulator GM006564...

A novel cellulose microfibril swelling (Cms) gene of Bacillus sp. AY8 was successfully cloned and sequenced using a set of primers designed based on the conserved region of the gene from the genomic database. The molecular cloning of the Cms gene revealed that the gene consisted of 679 bp sequences encoding 225 amino acids. Further in silico analysis unveiled that the Cms gene contained the NlpC/P60 conserved region that exhibited a homology of 98% with the NlpC/P60 family proteins found in both the strains, Burkholderialata sp...

In this work, the biological properties of fractionated Riceberry bran protein hydrolysate obtained by ultrafiltration (URBPH) were evaluated and the possibility of using cluster dextrin to produce hydrolysate powder by spray-drying was investigated. Fractionation into peptides < 3 kDa was observed to improve antioxidant activity. URBPH < 3 kDa was then freeze-dried (FD-URBPH) and spray-dried (SD-URBPH) at different inlet air temperatures of 100-160 °C. The water solubility and antioxidant activity of FD-URBPH were higher than those of SD-URBPH...

Wheat dextrin is a modified wheat starch, classified as water-soluble. This study investigated the effect of wheat dextrin as an ingredient in corn flour blends on extrusion characteristics. Blends were prepared at 0, 10 and 20 % fibre content. DOE was used to design experiments and investigate the effects of variables selected to be studied. Feed moisture content was set at 18-25 %, temperature at 110-150 °C and specific feeding load at 0.100-0.150kg/rev. Moisture content, water absorption and solubility indices, color, sectional expansion index, density, hardness, crispiness (work (Wc ) and number of spatial ruptures (Nsr )) and specific mechanical energy were evaluated...

Natural polymer-based cryogenically structured hybrid gels as support matrices were prepared by constructing synergistic multiple interactions among copolymer poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate- co -glycidyl methacrylate) and different polysaccharides; hyaluronic acid (HyA), dextrin (Dex), maltodextrin (MDex), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and xanthan gum (XG). Great improvement in thermal stability was achieved in the presence of CMC and MDex. In the as-prepared state, the highest modulus is observed in HyA-doped hydrogels, while in the swollen-state, CMC-doped hydrogels have a greater modulus...

Modern technologies can satisfy human needs only with the use of large quantities of fertilizers and pesticides that are harmful to the environment. For this reason, it is possible to develop new technologies for sustainable agriculture. The process could be carried out by using endophytic microorganisms with a (possible) positive effect on plant vitality. Bacterial endophytes have been reported as plant growth promoters in several kinds of plants under normal and stressful conditions. In this study, isolates of bacterial endophytes from the roots and leaves of Miscanthus giganteus plants were tested for the presence of plant growth-promoting properties and their ability to inhibit pathogens of fungal origin...

Alpha amylases catalyse the hydrolysis of α-1, 4-glycosidic bonds in starch, yielding glucose, maltose, dextrin, and short oligosaccharides, vital to various industrial processes. Structural and functional insights on α-amylase from Methanocaldococcus jannaschii were computationally explored to evaluate a catalytic domain and its fusion with a small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO). The recombinant proteins' production, characterization, ligand binding studies, and structural analysis of the cloned amylase native full gene (MjAFG), catalytic domain (MjAD) and fusion enzymes (S-MjAD) were thoroughly analysed in this comparative study...

Recent findings suggest that optimal application of nitrogen fertilizers can effectively improve the quality of proso millet (PM). Here, we aimed to investigate the pathways associated with starch synthesis and metabolism to elucidate the effect and molecular mechanisms of nitrogen fertilization in starch synthesis and properties in waxy and non-waxy PM varieties using transcriptomic techniques. Co-expression network analysis revealed that the regulation of starch synthesis and quality in PM by nitrogen fertilizer mainly occurred in the S2 and S3 stages during grain filling...

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of orally administered lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from Pantoea agglomerans (LPSpa) on innate immune functions, including the concentrations of antimicrobial components and interleukin (IL)-10 in goat milk, for the prevention of goat mastitis. Twelve Tokara goats were divided into two groups of six goats. Goats in the LPSpa and control groups were orally administrated with 0.4 g/kg dextrin with or without 0.02 mg/kg LPSpa for 7 days (day 0-6), respectively...