keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37386805/clinical-course-of-peripheral-precocious-puberty-in-girls-due-to-autonomous-ovarian-cysts
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Seung Heo, Young Suk Shim, Hae Sang Lee, Jin Soon Hwang
OBJECTIVE: Peripheral precocious puberty (PPP) is the precocious development of secondary sexual characteristics without pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion. In girls, PPP suggests a hyper-oestrogenic state, such as autonomous ovarian cysts and McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS). We aimed to investigate PPP in girls with ovarian cysts, with or without MAS. DESIGN: A retrospective study design was used. PATIENTS AND MEASUREMENTS: The study included 12 girls diagnosed with ovarian cysts with PPP between January 2003 and May 2022...
June 29, 2023: Clinical Endocrinology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37371858/low-dose-estrogens-as-neuroendocrine-modulators-in-functional-hypothalamic-amenorrhea-fha-the-putative-triggering-of-the-positive-feedback-mechanism-s
#22
REVIEW
Christian Battipaglia, Tabatha Petrillo, Elisa Semprini, Francesco Ricciardiello, Maria Laura Rusce, Greta Prampolini, Fedora Ambrosetti, Alessandra Sponzilli, Alessandro D Genazzani
Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA) is a non-organic reversible chronic endocrine disorder characterized by an impaired pulsatile secretion of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus. This impaired secretion, triggered by psychosocial and metabolic stressors, leads to an abnormal pituitary production of gonadotropins. As LH and FSH release is defective, the ovarian function is steadily reduced, inducing a systemic hypoestrogenic condition characterized by amenorrhea, vaginal atrophy, mood changes and increased risk of osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease...
June 20, 2023: Biomedicines
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37329313/a-role-for-gnrh-in-olfaction-and-cognition-implications-for-veterinary-medicine
#23
REVIEW
Vincent Prévot, Anne Duittoz
Pulsatile secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is essential for the activation and maintenance of the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, which controls the onset of puberty and fertility. Two provocative recent studies suggest that, in addition to control reproduction, the neurons in the brain that produce GnRH are also involved in the control postnatal brain maturation, odor discrimination and adult cognition. Long-acting GnRH antagonists and agonists are commonly used to control fertility and behavior in veterinary medicine, primarily in males...
June 17, 2023: Reproduction in Domestic Animals
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37325967/growth-hormone-secretagogues-as-potential-therapeutic-agents-to-restore-growth-hormone-secretion-in-older-subjects-to-those-observed-in-young-adults
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Roy G Smith, Michael O Thorner
The discovery of the growth hormone secretagogues (GHS) and the reverse pharmacology leading to the discovery of GHS receptor which enabled the identification of ghrelin as the natural ligand for the receptor have opened a new horizon in growth hormone (GH) physiology, pathophysiology, and therapeutics. Major progress has been made and we now have orally active GHS which are able to restore optimal pulsatile GH secretion which cannot be overstimulated as insulin-like growth factor feedback regulates the peaks to the optimum level...
June 16, 2023: Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37283961/acute-sleep-disruption-does-not-diminish-pulsatile-growth-hormone-secretion-in-pubertal-children
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Madison E Calvert, Samantha A Molsberry, Tairmae Kangarloo, Md Rafiul Amin, Valentina Genty, Rose T Faghih, Elizabeth B Klerman, Natalie D Shaw
CONTEXT: In children, growth hormone (GH) pulses occur after sleep onset in association with slow-wave sleep (SWS). There have been no studies in children to quantify the effect of disrupted sleep on GH secretion. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the effect of acute sleep disruption on GH secretion in pubertal children. METHODS: Fourteen healthy individuals (aged 11.3-14.1 years) were randomly assigned to 2 overnight polysomnographic studies, 1 with and 1 without SWS disruption via auditory stimuli, with frequent blood sampling to measure GH...
October 11, 2022: Journal of the Endocrine Society
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37271516/continuous-acceleration-of-neural-activity-of-the-gnrh-pulse-generator-during-chronic-peripheral-infusion-of-neurokinin-3-receptor-agonist-in-goats
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Takashi Yamamura, Hiroaki Okamura, Yoshihiro Wakabayashi
Secretion of pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is essential for reproduction. Kisspeptin neurons in the arcuate nucleus (ARC), which coexpress neurokinin B (NKB) and its receptor (NK3R), are believed to be components of the GnRH pulse generator that regulates pulsatile GnRH secretion. We examined the effects of peripheral infusion of senktide, an NK3R selective agonist, on GnRH pulse generator activity by monitoring multiple unit activity (MUA) in the goat ARC. Previous studies have shown that characteristic increases in MUA (MUA volleys) reflect GnRH pulse generator activity...
June 4, 2023: Journal of Reproduction and Development
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37261390/new-horizons-gonadotropin-releasing-hormone-and-cognition
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Vincent Prévot, Manuel Tena-Sempere, Nelly Pitteloud
Pulsatile secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is essential for activating and maintaining the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, which controls the onset of puberty and fertility. Two recent studies suggest that, in addition to controlling reproduction, the neurons in the brain that produce GnRH are also involved in the control of postnatal brain maturation, odor discrimination, and adult cognition. This review will summarize the development and establishment of the GnRH system, with particular attention to the importance of its first postnatal activation, a phenomenon known as mini-puberty, for later reproductive and non-reproductive functions...
June 1, 2023: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37246581/hypothalamic-pvn-crh-neurons-signal-through-pvn-gaba-neurons-to-suppress-gnrh-pulse-generator-frequency-in-female-mice
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Caitlin McIntyre, Xiao Feng Li, Deyana Ivanova, Jun Wang, Kevin T O'Byrne
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) are central to the stress response. Chemogenetic activation of PVN CRH neurons decreases LH pulse frequency but the mechanism is unknown. In the present study, optogenetic stimulation of PVN CRH neurons suppressed LH pulse frequency in estradiol (E2)-replaced ovariectomised (OVX) CRH-cre mice and this effect was augmented or attenuated by intra-PVN GABAA or GABAB receptor antagonism respectively. PVN CRH neurons signal to local GABA neurons which may provide a possible indirect mechanism by which PVN CRH neurons suppress LH pulse frequency...
May 29, 2023: Endocrinology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37223988/dynamics-of-pulsatile-activities-of-arcuate-kisspeptin-neurons-in-aging-female-mice
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Teppei Goto, Mitsue Hagihara, Kazunari Miyamichi
Reproductive senescence is broadly observed across mammalian females, including humans, eventually leading to a loss of fertility. The pulsatile secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which is essential for gonad function, is primarily controlled by kisspeptin neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARCkiss ), the pulse generator of GnRH. The pulsatility of GnRH release, as assessed by the amount of circulating gonadotropin, is markedly reduced in aged animals, suggesting that the malfunctions of ARCkiss may be responsible for reproductive aging and menopause-related disorders...
May 24, 2023: ELife
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37223768/the-enigma-of-the-gonadotropin-releasing-hormone-pulse-frequency-governing-individual-secretion-of-luteinizing-hormone-and-follicle-stimulating-hormone
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Cornelis B Lambalk
Luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone are the two gonadotropic pituitary hormones stimulated by one hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in a pulsatile way. Under several experimental conditions, it appears that a low pulse frequency promotes follicle-stimulating hormone secretion, pointing to an elegant mechanism by which, under governance of one stimulating hormone, the responses of two separate hormones can be individualized. Several experimental and fundamental studies have indicated the underlying mechanisms at the level of gene expression and post receptor events...
June 2023: F&S reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37223766/pulsatile-gonadotropin-releasing-hormone-clinical-applications-of-a-physiologic-paradigm
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Marco Filicori
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is a fundamental driver of human reproduction. A pulsatile pattern of GnRH secretion is essential to achieve pituitary stimulation, gonadotropin secretion, and normal gonadal function. Pulsatile GnRH administration is used to treat anovulation and male hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Pulsatile GnRH ovulation induction is effective and safe because it allows to avoid ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome and reduce the occurrence of multiple pregnancies. This physiology-inspired therapeutic tool has also permitted to elucidate several pathophysiologic features of human reproductive disorders...
June 2023: F&S reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37172949/pulsatile-subcutaneous-hydrocortisone-replacement-in-primary-adrenal-insufficiency
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Katerina Simunkova, Kristian Løvås, Paal Methlie, Nevena Jovanovic, Ersilia Bifulco, Ingeborg Bronstad, S L Lightman, Eystein Sverre Husebye, Marianne Oksnes
Pulsatile endogenous cortisol secretion is critical for physiological glucocorticoid gene signaling. Conventional glucocorticoid replacement therapy does not mimic endogenous cortisol pulsing in primary adrenal insufficiency. In an open-labeled, two-week, nonrandomized cross-over study of five patients with adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease in two, bilateral adrenalectomy in one, and congenital adrenal hyperplasia in two patients) we compared pulsatile and continuous cortisol pump treatment and conventional oral glucocorticoid therapy with respect to 24-h serum corticosteroid levels and plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)...
July 2023: Hormone and Metabolic Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37170834/luteinizing-hormone-secretion-ovulatory-capacity-and-oocyte-quality-in-peripubertal-gir-heifers
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Clara Slade Oliveira, Paola Maria da Silva Rosa, Bruna Rios Coelho Alves, Clara Ana Santos Monteiro, Gabriela Ramos Leal, Pedro Henrique Evangelista Guedes, Agostinho Jorge Dos Reis Camargo, Naiara Zoccal Saraiva
Induction of puberty in cattle breeds that attain puberty in later stages, such as Gir, allows the earlier beginning of reproductive life and it might increase oocyte quality. Here, the ovulatory capacity of prepuberal Gir heifers was studied and its relationship to follicular growth, luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion and oocyte quality was evaluated. Peripubertal Gir heifers were treated with a progesterone-based protocol and according to ovulatory response were separated into groups: not-ovulated (N-OV) and ovulated (OV)...
May 12, 2023: Zygote: the Biology of Gametes and Early Embryos
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37163565/dynamic-modulation-of-pulsatile-activities-of-oxytocin-neurons-in-lactating-wild-type-mice
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kasane Yaguchi, Mitsue Hagihara, Ayumu Konno, Hirokazu Hirai, Hiroko Yukinaga, Kazunari Miyamichi
Breastfeeding, which is essential for the survival of mammalian infants, is critically mediated by pulsatile secretion of the pituitary hormone oxytocin from the central oxytocin neurons located in the paraventricular and supraoptic hypothalamic nuclei of mothers. Despite its importance, the molecular and neural circuit mechanisms of the milk ejection reflex remain poorly understood, in part because a mouse model to study lactation was only recently established. In our previous study, we successfully introduced fiber photometry-based chronic imaging of the pulsatile activities of oxytocin neurons during lactation...
2023: PloS One
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37074152/effect-of-a-neurokinin-3-receptor-selective-agonist-administration-on-the-embryos-recovered-from-superovulated-cows
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shuichi Matsuyama, Sho Nakamura, Shiori Minabe, Satoshi Ohkura, Koji Kimura
Superovulation (SOV) treatment of cows results in unovulated follicles and inconsistent quality of the recovered embryos. It has been demonstrated that luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion is suppressed during SOV treatment of cows, which may cause insufficient follicle development and variation in the development of recovered embryos and unovulated follicles. Pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone/LH secretion is controlled by the activity of kisspeptin, neurokinin B, and dynorphin (KNDy) neurons in the arcuate nucleus in many mammals...
April 19, 2023: Biology of Reproduction
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37052176/diagnosis-and-testing-for-growth-hormone-deficiency-across-the-ages-a-global-view-of-the-accuracy-caveats-and-cut-offs-for-diagnosis
#36
REVIEW
Kevin C J Yuen, Gudmundur Johannsson, Ken K Y Ho, Bradley S Miller, Ignacio Bergada, Alan D Rogol
Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) is a clinical syndrome that can manifest either as isolated or associated with additional pituitary hormone deficiencies. Although diminished height velocity and short stature are useful and important clinical markers to consider testing for GHD in children, the signs and symptoms of GHD are not always so apparent in adults. Quality of life and metabolic health are often impacted in patients with GHD; thus, making an accurate diagnosis is important so that appropriate growth hormone (GH) replacement therapy can be offered to these patients...
July 1, 2023: Endocrine Connections
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37001236/hypothalamic-neuroglial-plasticity-is-regulated-by-anti-m%C3%A3-llerian-hormone-and-disrupted-in-polycystic-ovary-syndrome
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anne-Laure Barbotin, Nour El Houda Mimouni, Grégory Kuchcinski, Renaud Lopes, Romain Viard, Sowmyalakshmi Rasika, Daniele Mazur, Mauro S B Silva, Virginie Simon, Angèle Boursier, Jean-Pierre Pruvo, Qiang Yu, Michael Candlish, Ulrich Boehm, Federica Dal Bello, Claudio Medana, Pascal Pigny, Didier Dewailly, Vincent Prevot, Sophie Catteau-Jonard, Paolo Giacobini
BACKGROUND: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common reproductive-endocrine disorder affecting between 5 and 18% of women worldwide. An elevated frequency of pulsatile luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion and higher serum levels of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) are frequently observed in women with PCOS. The origin of these abnormalities is, however, not well understood. METHODS: We studied brain structure and function in women with and without PCOS using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and diffusion tensor imaging combined with fiber tractography...
March 29, 2023: EBioMedicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36996072/effects-of-pth-glandular-and-external-dosing-patterns-on-bone-cell-activity-using-a-two-state-receptor-model-implications-for-bone-disease-progression-and-treatment
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Denisa Martonová, Maxence Lavaill, Mark R Forwood, Alexander Robling, David M L Cooper, Sigrid Leyendecker, Peter Pivonka
Temporal aspects of ligand specificity have been shown to play a significant role in the case of pulsatile hormone secretion, as exemplified by parathyroid hormone (PTH) binding to its receptor (PTH1R), a G-protein-coupled receptor expressed on surfaces of osteoblasts and osteocytes. The latter binding reaction regulates intracellular signalling and subsequently modulates skeletal homeostasis via bone remodelling. PTH glandular secretion patterns dictate bone cellular activity. In healthy humans, 70% of PTH is secreted in a tonic fashion, whereas 30% is secreted in low-amplitude and high-frequency bursts occurring every 10-20 min, superimposed on the tonic secretion...
2023: PloS One
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36964750/fasting-and-prolonged-food-restriction-differentially-affect-gh-secretion-independently-of-gh-receptor-signaling-in-agrp-neurons
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Maria E de Sousa, Daniela O Gusmao, Willian O Dos Santos, Henrique T Moriya, Felipe F de Lima, Edward O List, John J Kopchick, Jose Donato
Growth hormone (GH) receptor (GHR) is abundantly expressed in neurons that co-release the agouti-related protein (AgRP) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARH). Since ARHAgRP/NPY neurons regulate several hypothalamic-pituitary-endocrine axes, this neuronal population possibly modulates GH secretion via a negative feedback loop, particularly during food restriction, when ARHAgRP/NPY neurons are highly active. The present study aims to determine the importance of GHR signaling in ARHAgRP/NPY neurons on the pattern of GH secretion in fed and food-deprived male mice...
March 12, 2023: Journal of Neuroendocrinology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36960565/mechanisms-of-lactation-induced-infertility-in-female-mice
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Eleni C R Hackwell, Sharon R Ladyman, Rosemary S E Brown, David R Grattan
Lactation in mammals is associated with a period of infertility, which serves to direct maternal metabolic resources towards caring for the newborn offspring rather than supporting another pregnancy. This lactational infertility is characterized by reduced pulsatile luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion and lack of ovulation. The mechanisms mediating suppression of LH secretion during lactation are unclear. There are potential roles for both hormonal cues such as prolactin and progesterone, and pup-derived cues such as suckling, on the inhibition of reproduction...
March 24, 2023: Endocrinology
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