organo phosphorus poisonings

Despite the immense importance of cation-π interactions prevailing in bispyridinium drug acetylcholinesterase (AChE) complexes, a precise description of cation-π interactions at molecular level has remained elusive. Here, we consider a bispyridinium drug, namely, ortho-7 in three different structures of AChE, with and without complexation with organophosphorus (OP) compounds for detailed investigation using all atom molecular dynamics simulation. By quantum mechanical calculations, Y72, W86, Y124, W286, Y337, and Y341 aromatic residues of the enzyme are investigated for possible cation-π interactions with ortho-7...

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BACKGROUND: Pesticide poisoning is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in India. OBJECTIVES: To assess the oxidative damage, hemoglobin level and leukocyte count in acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning. METHODS: Plasma cholinesterase was assessed as a toxicity marker. Oxidative damage was assessed by estimating serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC), erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels...

BACKGROUND: The Niger Delta region of Nigeria has a high concentration of companies using organo-phosphorus compounds with workers who have been exposed to these compounds for varying lengths of time resulting in toxic manifestations in some of the workers. Studies have revealed that plasma cholinesterase and red cell cholinesterase levels are reduced following organo-phosphorus toxicity. This study looks at cholinesterase levels in plasma and red cell in the occupationally exposed groups and control with a view to determining which will be more useful in the early detection of organo-phosphorus toxicity...

Peripheral neuropathy was induced by the long-term administration of organo-phosphorus compounds (phtalimid/phosmet) in quails (Coturnix coturnix japponica). After 4 weeks, the first symptoms of organophosphorus (OPC) poisoning (apathy, diarrhea) were present. During the second month of a daily administration of the toxic substance using the probe, an apparent clinical autonomic and peripheral neuropathy with ataxia had developed. Toxic disturbance of the nervous system was confirmed by the examination of spinal and cortical somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) after tibial nerve stimulation...

BACKGROUND: Inefficient civil registration systems, non-report of deaths, variable standards in certifying death and the legal and social consequences of suicide are major obstacles to investigating suicide in the developing world. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to prospectively determine the suicide rate in Kaniyambadi Block, Tamil Nadu, South India, for the years 2000-2002 using verbal autopsies. METHOD: The setting for the study was a comprehensive community health programme in a development block in rural South India...

BACKGROUND: Inefficient civil registration systems, non-report of deaths, variable standards in certifying death and the legal and social consequences of suicide are major obstacles in investigating suicide in the developing world. Very high rates of suicide have been recorded in the region in the general population and among younger people. OBJECTIVE: This paper describes the suicide rate among the elderly in Kaniyambadi block, Tamil Nadu, South India for the years 1994-2002 using verbal autopsies...

OBJECTIVE: Organophosphorus compounds can induce an acute toxic peripheral neuropathy. In hens, the acute peripheral neuropathy was induced by poisoning with organo-phosphorus compound (OPC)--tri-ortho-cresyl phosphate (TOCP). METHODS: In the course of an acute TOCP-induced toxic neuropathy in hens the activity of following enzymes was analysed: asparaginase, glutaminase, glutamat-dehydrogenase, AMP and adenosine deaminases and 5'nucleotidase; ALT (SGPT), AST (SGOT) and proteins levels were estimated...

Tests were carried out in rural areas in Israel with various organo-phosphorus dry sugar baits. Malathion 2.5%, diazinon 1% and Dipterex 1% gave equally effective results. Chlorthion 1% and malathion 1% and 2% were used in smaller quantities and were less effective.Dry poisoned baits are considered an important supplementary measure to a rural fly control programme, especially when used as an adjunct to basic sanitation.

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No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Over the past 7 years, acute food poisoning arising from the consumption of methamidophos-tainted vegetables has occurred sporadically in Hong Kong. To enable prompt remedial and regulatory actions to be taken, a simple and rapid gas chromatographic method was developed to determine methamidophos residues in food remnants. Samples were homogenized and extracted with acetone. Acetone in the resultant extract was removed by rotary evaporation, leaving behind an aqueous solution. After washing with petroleum ether and addition of sodium sulphate, the aqueous solution was re-extracted with chloroform...

Under study were activities of glycolysis enzymes: LDH, Krebs' cycle--SDH, those of electron transport system--NAD and NADP-diaphorase, and of the hydrolytic enzymes, acid and alkaline phosphatases in the hypothalamus, as were morphofunctional shifts in these enzymes' activities in poisoning with organophosphorus compounds. The experiments were carried out in 72 white male outbred rats weighing 180-200 g, that were administered PHOS antio (an organo-phosphorus compound) in a daily dose of 0.1 LD50 for 30 days...

During 1977, there were 289 pesticide exposure incidents involving animals that were handled by the Thomas J. Fleming Memorial Poison Information Center in Los Angeles. Almost all of this service was provided to veterinarians and most of the incidents involved dogs. Cases handled by this center are considered typical for small animal practices in urban areas of California. Ingestion was the major route of exposure. As recently as 10 years ago, arsenic, strychnine, and phosphorus were major causes of such poisonings...