rivers

The prediction of suspended sediment load (SSL) within riverine systems is critical to understanding the watershed's hydrology. Therefore, the novelty of our research is developing an interpretable (explainable) model based on deep learning (DL) and Shapley Additive ExPlanations (SHAP) interpretation technique for prediction of SSL in the riverine systems. This paper investigates the abilities of four DL models, including dense deep neural networks (DDNN), long short-term memory (LSTM), gated recurrent unit (GRU), and simple recurrent neural network (RNN) models for the prediction of daily SSL using river discharge and rainfall data at a daily time scale in the Taleghan River watershed, northwestern Tehran, Iran...

Effective dispersal among plant populations is dependent on vector behaviour, landscape features and availability of adequate habitats. To capture landscape feature effects on dispersal, studies must be conducted at scales reflecting single-generation dispersal events (mesoscale). Many studies are conducted at large scales where genetic differentiation is due to dispersal occurring over multiple generations, making it difficult to interpret the effects of specific landscape features on vector behaviour. Genetic structure at the mesoscale may be determined by ecological and evolutionary processes, such as the consequences of vector behaviour on patterns of gene flow...

Adelphobates contains three species, and the inaccurate identification of A. quinquevittatus and the scarcity of records of A. castaneoticus complicate inference of their distributions; the latter species occurs in sympatry with A. galactonotus. Our objective was to revise the distributions of Adelphobates by compiling data and modeling habitat suitability, as range limits may be shaped by landscape features and biotic interactions. We initially analyzed the existence of operational taxonomic units within the nominal species and subsequently inferred the observed and potential distributions, taking into account the possible independent lineages for the three species, and we also generated a molecular timetree to understand the chronology of interspecific diversification events...

The hydrological regimes of watersheds might be drastically altered by climate change, a majority of Pakistan's watersheds are experiencing problems with water quality and quantity as a result precipitation changes and temperature, necessitating evaluation and alterations to management strategies. In this study, the regional water security in northern Pakistan is examined about anthropogenic climate change on runoff in the Kunhar River Basin (KRB), a typical river in northern Pakistan using Soil and Water Assessment tool (SWAT) and flow durarion curve (FDC)...

The Taitema Lake Basin serves as an ecological barrier in the south of the Tarim Basin, connecting with the Qiemo, Ruoqiang, and Milan oases, collectively preventing the expansion and merging of the desert, specifically inhibiting the convergence of the Taklamakan Desert and Lop Nur. In recent years, with changes in the natural environment and an increase in water usage, the downstream flow of the Tarim River has decreased, leading to the gradual drying up of Taitema Lake and exacerbating desertification, resulting in frequent sandstorms...

What is a diagnostic test for? We might assume the answer to this question is straightforward. A good test would help identify what disease someone suffers from, assist health providers to determine the correct course of treatment and/or enable public health authorities to know and intervene in health at the level of the population. In this article, we show that what a specific diagnostic test is for, the value it holds for different actors, and what makes it good, or not, is often far from settled. We tell the story of the development and design of a rapid antibody test for onchocerciasis, or river blindness, tracking multiple iterations of the device through three configurational moments in the framing of onchocerciasis disease and reshaping of the global health innovation ecosystem...

BACKGROUND: The eastern edge of the Qinghai‒Tibet Plateau (QTP) and subtropical China have various regions where plant species originate and thrive, but these regions have been the focus of very few integrative studies. Here, we elucidated the phylogeographic structure of a continuous and widespread Akebia trifoliata population across these two regions. RESULTS: Sixty-one populations consisting of 391 genotypes were examined to assess population diversity and structure via network distribution analysis, maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree reconstruction, divergence time estimation, demographic history inference, and ancestral area reconstruction of both conserved internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and chloroplast (rps16) DNA sequences...

The nearshore waters of the Northern California Current support an important seasonal foraging ground for Pacific Coast Feeding Group (PCFG) gray whales. We examine gray whale distribution, habitat use, and abundance over 31 years (1992-2022) using standardized nearshore (< 5 km from shore) surveys spanning a large swath of the PCFG foraging range. Specifically, we generated density surface models, which incorporate detection probability into generalized additive models to assess environmental correlates of gray whale distribution and predict abundance over time...

River water quality management and monitoring are essential responsibilities for communities near rivers. Government decision-makers should monitor important quality factors like temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). Among water quality parameters, the BOD throughout 5 days is an important index that must be detected by devoting a significant amount of time and effort, which is a source of significant concern in both academic and commercial settings. The traditional experimental and statistical methods cannot give enough accuracy or solve the problem for a long time to detect something...

There has been increasing concern regarding the adverse environmental and health effects of organic pollutants. A list of priority control organic pollutants (PCOPs) can provide regulatory frameworks for the use and monitoring of organic compounds in the environment. In this study, 20,010 groundwater samples were collected from 15 "first level" groundwater resource zones in China. Fifty (50) organic compounds were analyzed based on their prevalence, occurrence, and physicochemical properties (persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity)...

Biotic communities often respond poorly to river restoration activities and the drivers of community recovery after restoration are not fully understood. According to the Asymmetric Response Concept (ARC), dispersal capacity, species tolerances to stressors, and biotic interactions are three key drivers influencing community recovery of restored streams. However, the ARC remains to be tested. Here we used a dataset on benthic invertebrate communities of eleven restored stream sections in a former open sewer system that were sampled yearly over a period of eleven years...

Understanding how ecosystems respond and adapt to drought has become an urgent issue as drought stress intensifies under climate change, yet this topic is not fully understood. Currently, conclusions on the response of ecosystems in different regions to drought disturbance are inconsistent. Based on long MODIS data and observed data, this study systematically explored the relationships between ecosystem patterns, structures and functions and drought, taking a typical climate change-sensitive area and an ecologically fragile area-the Yellow River Basin-as a case study...

Uptake of methylmercury (MeHg), a potent neurotoxin, by phytoplankton is a major concern due to its role as the primary pathway for MeHg entry into aquatic food webs, thereby posing a significant risk to human health. While it is widely believed that the MeHg uptake by plankton is negatively correlated with the concentrations of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the water, ongoing debates continue regarding the specific components of DOM that exerts the dominant influence on this process. In this study, we employed a widely-used resin fractionation approach to separate and classify DOM derived from algae (AOM) and natural rivers (NOM) into distinct components: strongly hydrophobic, weakly hydrophobic, and hydrophilic fractions...

The digital economy (DIE), a new economic form with digitalization at its core, has become an important driving force for promoting regional economy development. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, exploring the impact path of the DIE on carbon emission efficiency (CEE) is conducive to giving full play to the "carbon-reduction-and-efficiency-enhancement" role of the DIE, and to promoting the realization the "dual carbon" goal of carbon peak and carbon neutrality. In this paper, the Yellow River Basin (YRB) and the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) are taken as study areas, the panel Tobit model is used to explore the impact of the DIE on CEE, and the intermediary-effect model and threshold-effect model are constructed to test the intermediary and threshold effects of technological innovation, respectively...

The first studies on ion regulation in fish exposed to low pH, which were inspired by the Acid Rain environmental crisis, seemed to indicate that ion transport at the gills was completely and irreversibly inhibited at pH 4.0-4.5 and below. However, work on characid fish native to the Rio Negro, a naturally acidic, blackwater tributary of the Amazon River, found that they possess ion transport mechanisms that are completely insensitive to pHs as low as 3.25. As more species were examined it appeared that pH-insensitive transport was a trait shared by many, if not most, species in the Order Characiformes...

Rivers are critical ecosystems that impact global biogeochemical cycles. Nonetheless, a mechanistic understanding of river microbial metabolisms and their influences on geochemistry is lacking. Here, we announce metaproteomes of river sediments that are paired with metagenomes and metabolites, enabling an understanding of the microbial underpinnings of river respiration.

Over the past few decades, asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) has emerged as a robust technique for the separation of colloid-associated trace elements (TEs) in aqueous samples. Nevertheless, little is known about potential artifacts and how to control them when measuring the concentrations of colloid-associated elements at low (μg L-1 ) or ultralow concentrations (ng L-1 ) using AF4-UV-ICP-MS. Water from a boreal river was selected as a challenging test material due to its high concentrations of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and Fe-rich colloids...

With the increasing integration of nanomaterials into daily life, the potential ecotoxicological impacts of nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted increased attention from the scientific community. This study assessed the ecotoxicity of ZnS quantum dots (QDs) doped with varying molar concentrations of Mn2+ on Chlorella vulgaris . The ZnS:Mn QDs were synthesized using the polyol method. The size of the ZnS:Mn QDs ranged from approximately 1.1 nm to 2 nm, while the aggregation size in Seine River water was 341 nm at pH 6 and 8...

Opportunity for future green hydrogen development in Nepal comes with end-use infrastructural challenges. The heavy reliance of industries on fossil fuels (63.4%) despite the abundance of hydroelectricity poses an additional challenge to the green transition of Nepal. The presented work aims to study the possibility of storing and utilizing spilled hydroelectricity due to runoff rivers as a compatible alternative to imported petroleum fuels. This is achieved by converting green hydrogen from water electrolysis and carbon dioxide from carbon capture of hard-to-abate industries into synthetic methane for heating applications via the Sabatier process...

The Yarlung Zangbo River is a river with abundant hydropower resources but fragile biodiversity in China. As an important benchmark for both research and ecological management, there is still a lack of knowledge about the swimming ability of fishes in the Yarlung Zangbo River. The induced flow velocity (Uind ), critical swimming speed (Ucrit ), and burst swimming speed (Uburst ) of five Schizothoracinae species were tested in this study. Relative swimming ability related to body length and body shape was calculated...