Acute Bacterial Sinusitis in children

Children's and adults' rhinosinusitis are two diseases that have both similarities and differences in anatomy, epidemiology, causes, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment. At the same rhinosinusitis is one of the most common in otorhinolaryngology's practice, both in children and adults. The of adults paranasal sinuses (PNS) anatomy differs from children's PNS anatomy. Although ostiomeatal complex occlusion is recognized as a major cause of poor ventilation and drainage of the adult paranasal sinuses, it does not have a strong effect on pediatric rhinosinusitis, but adenoids play a key role...

UNLABELLED: Acute sinusitis (AS) is the fifth leading cause of antibiotic prescriptions in children. Distinguishing bacterial AS from common viral upper respiratory infections in children is crucial to prevent unnecessary antibiotic use but is challenging with current diagnostic methods. Despite its speed and cost, untargeted RNA sequencing of clinical samples from children with suspected AS has the potential to overcome several limitations of other methods. However, the utility of sequencing-based approaches in analysis of AS has not been fully explored...

BACKGROUND: Sinogenic orbital complications in children are relatively rare but critical conditions that require accurate diagnosis and timely appropriate treatment to prevent severe sequelae. OBJECTIVE: This article concentrates on clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic specifics of sinogenic orbital complications in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The work is based on a literature review (PubMed, Google Scholar) and own experience as well as data from the authors' own pediatric population...

IMPORTANCE: Diagnostic delays are common in the emergency department (ED) and may predispose to worse outcomes. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association of annual pediatric volume in the ED with delayed diagnosis. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This retrospective cohort study included all children younger than 18 years treated at 954 EDs in 8 states with a first-time diagnosis of any of 23 acute, serious conditions: bacterial meningitis, compartment syndrome, complicated pneumonia, craniospinal abscess, deep neck infection, ectopic pregnancy, encephalitis, intussusception, Kawasaki disease, mastoiditis, myocarditis, necrotizing fasciitis, nontraumatic intracranial hemorrhage, orbital cellulitis, osteomyelitis, ovarian torsion, pulmonary embolism, pyloric stenosis, septic arthritis, sinus venous thrombosis, slipped capital femoral epiphysis, stroke, or testicular torsion...

Background : Little is known about the recent trends in antibiotic and phytopharmaceutical prescribing for acute upper (URIs) and lower respiratory tract infections (LRIs) in children and adolescents. Therefore, this study investigated changes in the prescription of antibiotics and phytopharmaceuticals in children diagnosed with acute URIs and LRIs in pediatric practices in Germany in 2013, 2018, and 2022. Methods : The present retrospective study included children aged 2-12 years diagnosed with acute URIs or LRIs in one of 180 pediatric practices in 2013, 2018, and 2022...

Ear, nose and throat (ENT) or upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) are the most common infections in children and the leading causes of antibiotic prescriptions. In most cases, these infections are due to (or are triggered by) viruses and even when bacterial species are implicated, recovery is usually spontaneous. The first imperative is to refrain from prescribing antibiotics in a large number of URTIs: common cold, most cases of sore throat, laryngitis, congestive otitis, and otitis media with effusion...

IMPORTANCE: The large overlap between symptoms of acute sinusitis and viral upper respiratory tract infection suggests that certain subgroups of children being diagnosed with acute sinusitis, and subsequently treated with antibiotics, derive little benefit from antibiotic use. OBJECTIVE: To assess if antibiotic therapy could be appropriately withheld in prespecified subgroups. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Randomized clinical trial including 515 children aged 2 to 11 years diagnosed with acute sinusitis based on clinical criteria...

BACKGROUND: Acute rhinosinusitis (ARS) is one of the common diseases of upper respiratory tract infection in children. Bacterial infection is a significant aggravating factor in pediatric ARS. In this research, our goal was to detected the bacterial flora and antibiotic sensitivity of ARS in Chinese children. METHODS: We recruited 133 children with ARS between January 2020 and January 2022 from our hospital. Sinus secretion were collected and cultured for Gram stain as well as antimicrobial susceptibility tests...

Adenoid hypertrophy (AH) plays a role as a reservoir for bacterial growth and decreases mucociliary clearance which might contribute to the development of an infection. To compare the presence of AH in the pediatric population presenting with orbital complications as a result of ABRS and the control group radiologically. Patients who were diagnosed with OC as a result of ABRS labeled as case group, and the patients who had undergone computed tomography (CT) for indications other than sinonasal diseases were assigned as control group...

BACKGROUND: Orbital infections in children are commonly secondary to acute bacterial rhinosinusitis (ABRS). It is unclear whether seasonal variations can predispose to these complications mirroring acute rhinosinusitis incidence. OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of ABRS as a cause of orbital infections and whether seasonality is a risk factor. METHODS: A retrospective review of all children who presented to West Virginia University children's hospital between 2012 and 2022 were reviewed...

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is one of the most common autosomal recessive genetic diseases in Caucasians, but CF patients in China are rare, and it was listed as the first batch of rare diseases in China in 2018. In recent years, CF has been gradually recognized in China, and the number of CF patients reported in China in the past 10 years is more than 2.5 times the total number in the previous 30 years, and the total number of CF patients is estimated to be more than 20 000. The research progress of CF gene modification has led to the innovation of CF treatment...

PURPOSE: Acute bacterial sinusitis is among the most frequent outpatient infections in children and adolescents and is well suited to study in large healthcare utilization databases, but the validity of International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10) codes together with antibiotic prescriptions to identify cases of acute bacterial sinusitis has not been established. We aimed to evaluate the validity of ICD-10 codes combined with antibiotic prescriptions to identify new diagnoses of acute bacterial sinusitis among pediatric patients evaluated in the outpatient setting...

BACKGROUND: The olfactory dysfunction that occurs during a COVID-19 infection has sparked much debate about its similarity to sinusitis. Up to 65% of COVID-19 pediatric patients may be asymptomatic; however, when symptoms are observed, fever and cough are the most common. Nasal congestion and discharge as well as headaches can also be seen, which makes both entities, i.e., COVID-19 and sinusitis, similar to each other. METHODS: In this review, we present the clinical case of a teenager with a history of acute sinusitis and COVID-19 co-infection followed by purulent meningoencephalitis...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical characteristics, treatment, and prognosis of seizures in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) during chemotherapy. METHODS: Children with ALL with seizures during chemotherapy admitted to the Department of Pediatrics, Peking University People's Hospital from January 2010 to March 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical data including the incidence of seizure, time at seizure onset, causes, management, and prognosis were collected retrospectively...

Rhinosinusitis in children, as in adults, can be classified by duration (acute, recurrent, and chronic) and by cause (viral, bacterial, and inflammatory) and needs to be treated accordingly after careful investigation which include through clinical history, laboratory tests, and, if necessary, nasal endoscopy and imaging studies.

A male infant was born by spontaneous delivery on February 7, 2020, with a gestational age of 40 weeks and a birth weight of 4.1 kg. After birth, the infant presented with appearance of skin loss on the bilateral lower limbs, feet, left wrist, face, and lips. Large areas of skin defects, erosion, and exudation were noted on the extensor side of the bilateral lower limbs and feet, and some skin loss with a small amount of exudation was observed on the left wrist, face, and lips, which was accompanied by dorsal hyperextension of the right foot and oral mucosal ulceration (Figure 1)...

BACKGROUND: Distinct bacterial upper airway microbiota structures have been described in pediatric populations, and relate to risk of respiratory viral infection and, exacerbations of asthma. We hypothesized that distinct nasopharyngeal (NP) microbiota structures exist in pediatric populations, relate to environmental exposures and modify risk of acute sinusitis or upper respiratory infection (URI) in children. METHODS: Bacterial 16S rRNA profiles from nasopharyngeal swabs (n = 354) collected longitudinally over a one-year period from 58 children, aged four to seven years, were analyzed and correlated with environmental variables, URI, and sinusitis outcomes...

BACKGROUND: Sore throat is a common reason for people to present for medical care and to be prescribed antibiotics. Overuse of antibiotics in primary medicine is a concern, hence it is important to establish their efficacy in treating sore throat and preventing secondary complications.  OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of antibiotics for reducing symptoms of sore throat for child and adult patients. SEARCH METHODS: We searched CENTRAL 2021, Issue 2, MEDLINE (January 1966 to April week 1, 2021), Embase (January 1990 to April 2021), and two trial registries (searched 6 April 2021)...

The Choosing Wisely Canada campaign raises awareness amongst physicians and patients regarding unnecessary or inappropriate tests and treatments. Using an online survey, members of the Pediatric Otolaryngology Subspecialty Group within the Canadian Society of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery developed a list of nine evidence based recommendations to help physicians and patients make treatment decisions regarding common pediatric otolaryngology presentations: (1) Don't routinely order a plain film x-ray in the evaluation of nasal fractures; (2) Don't order imaging to distinguish acute bacterial sinusitis from an upper respiratory infection; (3) Don't place tympanostomy tubes in most children for a single episode of otitis media with effusion of less than 3 months duration; (4) Don't routinely prescribe intranasal/systemic steroids, antihistamines or decongestants for children with uncomplicated otitis media with effusion; (5) Don't prescribe oral antibiotics for children with uncomplicated tympanostomy tube otorrhea or uncomplicated acute otitis externa; (6) Don't prescribe codeine for post-tonsillectomy/adenoidectomy pain relief in children; (7) Don't administer perioperative antibiotics for elective tonsillectomy in children; (8) Don't perform tonsillectomy for children with uncomplicated recurrent throat infections if there have been fewer than 7 episodes in the past year, 5 episodes in each of the past 2 years, or 3 episodes in each of the last 3 years; and (9) Don't perform endoscopic sinus surgery for uncomplicated pediatric chronic rhinosinusitis prior to failure of maximal medical therapy and adenoidectomy...

OBJECTIVE: This case report presents a case of a rapidly progressive complicated sinus infection in a child with the multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. METHODS: Case report with literature review. RESULTS/CASE REPORT: We present a novel case of severe rapidly progressive complicated sinusitis in a 14-year-old African American male diagnosed with the multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. Infection was caused by an aggressive pathogen, Streptococcus intermedius (anginosus), and within 48 hours progressed to orbital, subgaleal, and intracranial abscess, requiring multidisciplinary intervention by ophthalmology, neurosurgery, and otolaryngology...