DBE

The transportation industry, particularly the trucking sector, is prone to workplace accidents and fatalities. Accidents involving large trucks accounted for a considerable percentage of overall traffic fatalities. Recognizing the crucial role of safety climate in accident prevention, researchers have sought to understand its factors and measure its impact within organizations. While existing data-driven safety climate studies have made remarkable progress, clustering employees based on their safety climate perception is innovative and has not been extensively utilized in research...

Isotopically labeled FT-ICR-MS combined with multiple post-analyses, including interpretable machine learning (IML) and a paired mass distance (PMD) network, was employed to unravel the reactivity and transformation of natural organic matter (NOM) during ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. FT-ICR-MS analysis was used to assign formulas, which were classified on the basis of their molecular compositions and structural categories. Isotope (deuterium, D) labeling was utilized to unequivocally determine the photochemical products and examine the development of OD radical-mediated NOM transformation...

A 42-year-old man was referred to our hospital because of anemia. The patient underwent gastroscopy and colonoscopy, but no bleeding site was detected. Abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) showed vascular dilatation along the wall of the small intestine. Small bowel capsule endoscopy and antegrade double-balloon endoscopy (DBE) were performed, and the patient was diagnosed with a small intestinal arteriovenous malformation (AVM). The AVM was clipped using DBE. After clipping, abdominal contrast-enhanced CT and small bowel angiography revealed the disappearance of the AVM...

Iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3 O4 NPs) have been reported to be a promising agent for cancer therapy due to their outstanding ability in catalyzing the Fenton reaction and causing peroxidation. Generally, particles with size of hundreds of nanometers exhibit enhanced accumulation in tumor due to the enhanced permeation and retention effect. However, the large size hinders penetration within the dense collagen matrix. Here, we propose a multistage system to realize pH-responsive size switch for efficient drug delivery...

Background and study aims Small-bowel polyps in patients with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) are sometimes difficult to reach using double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE). However, they can induce intussusception, especially when ≧15 mm. This study aimed to review the outcomes of patients with such polyps. Patients and methods All patients with PJS with small-bowel polyps that bidirectional DBE failed to reach and were ≧5 mm as shown by DBE enterography at our institution from May 2006 to April 2022 were retrospectively evaluated...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Double-balloon endoscopy (DBE) is widely used in diagnosing small-bowel Crohn's disease (CD). However, CD misdiagnosis frequently occurs if inexperienced endoscopists cannot accurately detect the lesions. The CD evaluation may also be inaccurate owing to the subjectivity of endoscopists. This study aimed to use artificial intelligence (AI) to accurately detect and objectively assess small-bowel CD for more refined disease management. METHODS: We collected 28,155 small-bowel DBE images from 628 patients from January 2018 to December 2022...

So often we hear cries of 'Well what do you expect, he or she had a terrible start in life." Given away soon after birth, didn't know its mother until nine years of age, brought up a mother's acquaintance but was not told. This paper examines how that fits with the life of Dame Margaret Seward, one of the outstanding members of the British dental profession, male or female.

Permanganate is a common preoxidant applied in water treatment to remove organic pollutants and to reduce the formation of disinfection by-products. However, the effect of permanganate preoxidation on the transformation of dissolved effluent organic matter (dEfOM) and on the formation of unknown chlorinated disinfection by-products (Cl-DBPs) during chlorination remains unknown at molecular level. In this work, the molecular changes of dEfOM during permanganate preoxidation and subsequent chlorination were characterized using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS)...

Nitrogenous organic (CHON), crucial for secondary organic aerosol (SOA), forms through poorly studied mechanisms in clouds. Our study explores CHON transformation during cloud processes (CPs). These processes play a vital role in enhancing the variety of CHONs, leading to the formation of CHONs with oxygen atom counts ranging from 1 to 10 and double bond equivalent (DBE) values spanning from 2 to 10. We proposed that the CHONs formed during CPs are formed through aqueous phase reactions with CHO compound precursors via nucleophilic attacks by NH3 ...

The wastewater generated by the solvent amine desulfurization process in natural gas purification plants is characterized by its recalcitrant organic compounds and high salinity. Without effective treatment, it has the potential to inflict severe environmental harm. The composition of organic matter, however, exerts a profound influence on the outcomes of oxidation processes. To rectify the limitations associated with indiscriminate oxidation that yields suboptimal results, this investigation meticulously performed a molecular-level analysis of organic matter...

High blood sugar is a defining feature of chronic disease, diabetes mellitus (DM). There are numerous commercially available medications for the treatment of DM. However, managing the patient's glucose levels remain a challenge because of the gradual reduction in beta-cell function and some side effects from the long-term use of various medications. Previous research has shown that the phenolic compound of henna plant ( Lawsonia inermis L.) has the potential as anti-diabetic agent since it is able to suppress the digesting of α-amylase enzyme...

Toothpick ingestion is an uncommon condition. It has been reported that an estimated incidence of 3.6 toothpick related injuries per 100,000 people per year. However, the incidence of toothpick-related gastrointestinal tract perforation is as high as 80%, with small bowel perforation accounting for 18% of cases. Common symptoms associated with toothpick ingestion include abdominal pain, fever, nausea, diarrhea, and constipation. However, it may lead to peritonitis, abscesses, and sepsis in severe cases. The diagnosis of toothpick ingestion is difficult...

Pyrolysis is a promising way to convert plastic waste into valuable resources. However, for downstream upgrading processes, many undesirable species, such as conjugated diolefins or heteroatom-containing compounds, can be generated during this pyrolysis. In-depth chemical characterization is therefore required to improve conversion and valorization. Because of the high molecular diversity found in these samples, advanced analytical instrumentation is needed to provide accurate and complete characterization...

Device-assisted enteroscopy (DAE), balloon-assisted enteroscopy (BAE) in particular, has become a routine endoscopic procedure which has revolutionized our approach to small-bowel disease. Evidence demonstrating the efficacy and safety of BAE spans over 22-years of experience, making it an established pillar of minimally invasive care. The robust evidence for BAE's safety and efficacy has now been incorporated into international clinical guidelines, technical reviews, benchmarking performance measures and curricula...

To identify possible dominating processes involved in soil microbial community assembly, dissolved organic matter (DOM) and multi-nutrient cycling (MNC) interactions and contribute to understanding of climate change effects on these important cycles, we investigated the interaction of soil chemistry, DOM components and microbial communities in five vegetation zones - ranging from evergreen broad-leaved forest to alpine meadow - along an elevation gradient of 290-1960 m in the Wuyi Mountains, Fujian Province, China...

As pre-chlorination is increasingly adopted in drinking water treatment plant (DWTP), an attractive question emerged: how the disinfection by-products that formed during pre-chlorination (preformed DBPs) would be transformed in the drinking water treatment process? This study investigated the DBP formation kinetics and molecular characteristics in chlorinated source water, DBP transformation and removal in practical DWTP. It was found that the formation of trihalomethanes (THMs) followed pseudo first-order kinetic model and the intensified Br- exposure facilitated the transformation of TCM into TBM...

Intermediate products such as oxygenated compounds may interfere with bioconversion kinetics of lignocellulosic biomass into bioethanol. This work presents a multidimensional approach, based on liquid chromatography (LC), trapped ion mobility spectrometry (TIMS), tandem high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS/MS), and multivariate analysis, for the identification of enzymatic reactivity descriptors in 22 industrial biomass samples, called hydrolysates. The first part of the study is dedicated to the improvement of the chemical diversity assessment of the hydrolysates through an original three-dimensional Van Krevelen diagram displaying the double bond equivalent (DBE) as third dimension...

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is reported to be a precursor to disinfection by-products (DBPs), which have adverse effects on human health. Therefore, it is crucial to effectively remove DOM before water disinfection. Characteristics of DOM and DBPs formation during advanced treatment processes including coagulation, adsorption, ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, and ozone (O3 ) oxidation in municipal secondary effluent were investigated in this research. DOM was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy (EEM), and Orbitrap mass spectrometry (Orbitrap MS)...

INTRODUCTION: Hereditary polyposis syndromes are a group of inherited disorders associated with a high risk of developing colorectal cancer. The best known ones are familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), Peutz-Jeghers (PJS), juvenile polyposis and Cowden syndromes, as well as conditions predisposing to cancer, such as Lynch syndrome. Some of them are characterized by an increased risk of small bowel polyps occurrence. AREAS COVERED: Literature search in PubMed was performed in November 2022 and a narrative review was carried out...

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Overt obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OOGIB) is defined as continued bleeding with unknown source despite esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and colonoscopy evaluation. Small bowel evaluation through video capsule endoscopy (VCE) or double balloon enteroscopy (DBE) is often warranted. We studied the timing of DBE in hospitalized OOGIB patients regarding diagnostic yield, therapeutic yield, and GI rebleeding. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of DBEs performed at a tertiary medical center between November 2012 and December 2020...